{"id":4748,"date":"2022-05-15T15:09:16","date_gmt":"2022-05-15T15:09:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/california-statutes\/?page_id=4748"},"modified":"2022-05-24T16:35:20","modified_gmt":"2022-05-24T16:35:20","slug":"corporations-code-corp-12351","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/california-statutes\/california-statutes\/corporations-code-corp-12351\/","title":{"rendered":"Corporations Code &#8211; CORP 12351"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l37fltvo-4a6a51684444278d03d83663990fc1b6\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-l37fltvo-4a6a51684444278d03d83663990fc1b6{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-l37fltvo-4a6a51684444278d03d83663990fc1b6 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-l37fltvo-4a6a51684444278d03d83663990fc1b6 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-l37fltvo-4a6a51684444278d03d83663990fc1b6 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_above'><p>California<\/p>\n<\/div><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Corporations Code &#8211; CORP \u00a7 12351<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   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.avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-4ee94ae86cde3b232e718bb4ac84e6ad #searchsubmit{\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-4ee94ae86cde3b232e718bb4ac84e6ad .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-4ee94ae86cde3b232e718bb4ac84e6ad  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/california-statutes\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-4ee94ae86cde3b232e718bb4ac84e6ad' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CA statutes' aria-label='Search CA statutes' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='10' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_avia_sc_search  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l37fn7zl-44aea4653440db38f5eef34d331fd0f3 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"subsection\">(a)\u2002Unless otherwise provided in the articles or in the bylaws:<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(1)\u2002Meetings of the board may be called by the chair of the board or the president or any vice president or the secretary or any two directors.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(2)\u2002Regular meetings of the board may be held without notice if the time and place of the meetings are fixed by the bylaws or the board. \u2002Special meetings of the board shall be held upon four days&#8217; notice by first-class mail or 48 hours&#8217; notice delivered personally or by telephone, including a voice messaging system or by electronic transmission by the corporation (<span class=\"cite\">\u00a0Section 20\u00a0<\/span>). \u2002The articles or bylaws may not dispense with notice of a special meeting. \u2002A notice, or waiver of notice, need not specify the purpose of any regular or special meeting of the board.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(3)\u2002Notice of a meeting need not be given to any director who provides a waiver of notice or consent to holding the meeting or an approval of the minutes thereof in writing, whether before or after the meeting, or who attends the meeting without protesting, prior thereto or at its commencement, the lack of notice to that director. \u2002All waivers, consents, and approvals shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meetings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(4)\u2002A majority of the directors present, whether or not a quorum is present, may adjourn any meeting to another time and place. \u2002If the meeting is adjourned for more than 24 hours, notice of any adjournment to another time or place shall be given prior to the time of the adjourned meeting to the directors who were not present at the time of the adjournment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(5)\u2002Meetings of the\u00a0<span class=\"added-material\">directors<\/span>\u00a0may be held at any place within or without the state which has been designated in the notice of the meeting or, if not stated in the notice or if there is no notice, designated in the bylaws or by resolution of the board.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(6)\u2002<span class=\"added-material\">Directors<\/span>\u00a0may participate in a meeting through use of conference telephone, electronic video screen communication, or electronic transmission by and to the corporation (<span class=\"cite\">\u00a0Sections 20\u00a0<\/span>and\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">21\u00a0<\/span>). \u2002Participation in a meeting through use of conference telephone or electronic video screen communication pursuant to this subdivision constitutes presence in person at that meeting as long as all\u00a0<span class=\"added-material\">directors<\/span>\u00a0participating in the meeting are able to hear one another. \u2002Participation in a meeting through use of electronic transmission by and to the corporation, other than conference telephone and electronic video screen communication pursuant to this subdivision constitutes presence in person at that meeting if both of the following apply:<\/p>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(A)\u2002Each\u00a0<span class=\"added-material\">director<\/span>\u00a0participating in the meeting can communicate with all of the other\u00a0<span class=\"added-material\">directors<\/span>\u00a0concurrently.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(B)\u2002Each\u00a0<span class=\"added-material\">director<\/span>\u00a0is provided the means of participating in all matters before the board, including, without limitation, the capacity to propose, or to interpose an objection to, a specific action to be taken by the corporation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(7)\u2002A majority of the number of directors authorized in or pursuant to the articles or bylaws constitutes a quorum of the board for the transaction of business. \u2002The articles or bylaws may require the presence of one or more specified directors to constitute a quorum of the board to transact business, as long as the death\u00a0<span class=\"added-material\">or nonexistence<\/span>\u00a0of a\u00a0<span class=\"added-material\">specified<\/span>\u00a0director or the death or nonexistence of the person or persons otherwise authorized to appoint or designate a director does not prevent the corporation from transacting business in the normal course of events. \u2002The articles or bylaws may not provide that a quorum shall be less than one-fifth the number of directors authorized in or pursuant to the articles or bylaws, or less than two, whichever is larger.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(8)\u2002Subject to the provisions of\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">Sections 12352\u00a0<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">12373\u00a0<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">12374, and subdivision (e)\u00a0<\/span>of\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">Section 12377\u00a0<\/span>, every act or decision done or made by a majority of the directors present at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present is the act of the board. \u2002The articles or bylaws may not provide that a lesser vote than a majority of the directors present at a meeting is the act of the board. \u2002A meeting at which a quorum is initially present may continue to transact business notwithstanding the withdrawal of directors, if any action taken is approved by at least a majority of the required quorum for the meeting, or a greater number as is required by this division, the articles or bylaws.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p>(b)\u2002Any action required or permitted to be taken by the board may be taken without a meeting, if all\u00a0<span class=\"added-material\">directors<\/span>\u00a0shall individually or collectively consent in writing to that action. \u2002Such written consent or consents shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the board.<\/p>\n<p>The action by written consent shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote of the directors.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p>(c)\u2002Each director\u00a0shall have one vote on each matter presented to the board of directors for action. \u2002No director may vote\u00a0by proxy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"parent":2019,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4748","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Corporations Code - CORP 12351 - California Statutes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/california-statutes\/california-statutes\/corporations-code-corp-12351\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Corporations 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