{"id":5651,"date":"2022-05-22T14:54:16","date_gmt":"2022-05-22T14:54:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/california-statutes\/?page_id=5651"},"modified":"2022-05-24T16:34:35","modified_gmt":"2022-05-24T16:34:35","slug":"commercial-code-com-1201","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/california-statutes\/california-statutes\/commercial-code-com-1201\/","title":{"rendered":"Commercial Code &#8211; COM 1201"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3hf02pb-30709a488ff91cf6c1f23fb18fd9a733\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-l3hf02pb-30709a488ff91cf6c1f23fb18fd9a733{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-l3hf02pb-30709a488ff91cf6c1f23fb18fd9a733 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-l3hf02pb-30709a488ff91cf6c1f23fb18fd9a733 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-l3hf02pb-30709a488ff91cf6c1f23fb18fd9a733 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_above'><p>California<\/p>\n<\/div><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Commercial Code &#8211; COM \u00a7 1201<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-4ee94ae86cde3b232e718bb4ac84e6ad\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-4ee94ae86cde3b232e718bb4ac84e6ad .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-4ee94ae86cde3b232e718bb4ac84e6ad #s.av-input-field{\ncolor:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-4ee94ae86cde3b232e718bb4ac84e6ad .av-input-field-icon.av-search-icon{\ncolor:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-4ee94ae86cde3b232e718bb4ac84e6ad .av-input-field-icon.av-search-icon.avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nfill:#edae44;\nstroke:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-4ee94ae86cde3b232e718bb4ac84e6ad #searchsubmit{\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-4ee94ae86cde3b232e718bb4ac84e6ad .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-4ee94ae86cde3b232e718bb4ac84e6ad  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/california-statutes\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-4ee94ae86cde3b232e718bb4ac84e6ad' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CA statutes' aria-label='Search CA statutes' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='10' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-3a876428eececa9d35452247ddb053af hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_avia_sc_search  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l3hf6tps-18b85eebca8aa591404135aa972b722d '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"subsection\">(a)\u2002Unless the context otherwise requires, words or phrases defined in this section, or in the additional definitions contained in other divisions of this code that apply to particular divisions or chapters thereof, have the meanings stated.<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p>(b)\u2002Subject to definitions contained in other divisions of this code that apply to particular divisions or chapters thereof:<\/p>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(1)\u2002\u201cAction,\u201d in the sense of a judicial proceeding, includes recoupment, counterclaim, setoff, suit in equity, and any other proceeding in which rights are determined.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(2)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Aggrieved party<\/span>\u201d means a party entitled to pursue a remedy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(3)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Agreement<\/span>,\u201d as distinguished from \u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">contract<\/span>,\u201d means the bargain of the parties in fact, as found in their language or inferred from other circumstances, including course of performance, course of dealing, or usage of trade as provided in\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">Section 1303\u00a0<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(4)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Bank<\/span>\u201d means a person engaged in the business of banking, and includes a savings bank, savings and loan association, credit union, and trust company.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(5)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Bearer<\/span>\u201d means a person in possession of a negotiable instrument, document of title, or certificated security that is payable to bearer or endorsed in blank.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(6)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Bill of lading<\/span>\u201d means a document evidencing the receipt of goods for shipment issued by a person engaged in the business of transporting or forwarding goods.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(7)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Branch<\/span>\u201d includes a separately incorporated foreign branch of a bank.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(8)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Burden of establishing<\/span>\u201d a fact means the burden of persuading the trier of fact that the existence of the fact is more probable than its nonexistence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(9)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Buyer in ordinary course of business<\/span>\u201d means a person that buys goods in good faith, without knowledge that the sale violates the rights of another person in the goods, and in the ordinary course from a person, other than a pawnbroker, in the business of selling goods of that kind. \u2002A person buys goods in the ordinary course if the sale to the person comports with the usual or customary practices in the kind of business in which the seller is engaged or with the seller&#8217;s own usual or customary practices. \u2002A person that sells oil, gas, or other minerals at the wellhead or minehead is a person in the business of selling goods of that kind. \u2002A buyer in ordinary course of business may buy for cash, by exchange of other property, or on secured or unsecured credit, and may acquire goods or documents of title under a preexisting contract for sale. \u2002Only a buyer that takes possession of the goods or has a right to recover the goods from the seller under Division 2 (commencing with\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">Section 2101\u00a0<\/span>) may be a buyer in ordinary course of business. \u2002\u201cBuyer in ordinary course of business\u201d does not include a person that acquires goods in a transfer in bulk or as security for or in total or partial satisfaction of a money debt.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(10)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Conspicuous<\/span>,\u201d with reference to a term, means so written, displayed, or presented that a reasonable person against whom it is to operate ought to have noticed it. \u2002Whether a term is \u201cconspicuous\u201d or not is a decision for the court. \u2002Conspicuous terms include\u00a0<span class=\"added-material\">both of<\/span>\u00a0the following:<\/p>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(A)\u2002<span class=\"added-material\">A<\/span>\u00a0heading in capitals equal to or greater in size than the surrounding text, or in contrasting type, font, or color to the surrounding text of the same or lesser size<span class=\"added-material\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(B)\u2002<span class=\"added-material\">Language<\/span>\u00a0in the body of a record or display in larger type than the surrounding text, or in contrasting type, font, or color to the surrounding text of the same size, or set off from surrounding text of the same size by symbols or other marks that call attention to the language.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(11)\u2002[Reserved]<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(12)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Contract<\/span>,\u201d as distinguished from \u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">agreement<\/span>,\u201d means the total legal obligation that results from the parties&#8217; agreement as determined by this code and as supplemented by any other applicable laws.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(13)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Creditor<\/span>\u201d includes a general creditor, a secured creditor, a lien creditor, and any representative of creditors, including an assignee for the benefit of creditors, a trustee in bankruptcy, a receiver in equity, and an executor or administrator of an insolvent debtor&#8217;s or assignor&#8217;s estate.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(14)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Defendant<\/span>\u201d includes a person in the position of defendant in a counterclaim, cross-claim, or third-party claim.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(15)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Delivery<\/span>,\u201d with respect to an instrument, document of title, or chattel paper means voluntary transfer of possession.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(16)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Document of title<\/span>\u201d includes a bill of lading, dock warrant, dock receipt, warehouse receipt, or order for the delivery of goods, and also any other document which in the regular course of business or financing is treated as adequately evidencing that the person in possession of it is entitled to receive, hold, and dispose of the document and the goods it covers. \u2002To be a document of title, a document must purport to be issued by or addressed to a bailee and purport to cover goods in the bailee&#8217;s possession which are either identified or are fungible portions of an identified mass.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(17)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Fault<\/span>\u201d means a default, breach, or wrongful act or omission.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(18)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Fungible goods<\/span>\u201d means:<\/p>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(A)\u2002Goods of which any unit, by nature or usage of trade, is the equivalent of any other like unit; or<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(B)\u2002Goods that by agreement are treated as equivalent.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(19)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Genuine<\/span>\u201d means free of forgery or counterfeiting.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(20)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Good faith<\/span>,\u201d except as otherwise provided in Division 5 (commencing with\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">Section 5101\u00a0<\/span>), means honesty in fact and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(21)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Holder<\/span>,\u201d means:<\/p>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(A)\u2002the person in possession of a negotiable instrument that is payable either to bearer or, to an identified person that is the person in possession; or<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(B)\u2002the person in possession of a document of title if the goods are deliverable either to bearer or to the order of the person in possession.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(22)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Insolvency proceeding<\/span>\u201d includes an assignment for the benefit of creditors or other proceeding intended to liquidate or rehabilitate the estate of the person involved.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(23)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Insolvent<\/span>\u201d means:<\/p>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(A)\u2002having generally ceased to pay debts in the ordinary course of business other than as a result of bona fide dispute;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(B)\u2002being unable to pay debts as they become due; or<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(C)\u2002being insolvent within the meaning of federal bankruptcy law.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(24)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Money<\/span>\u201d means a medium of exchange currently authorized or adopted by a domestic or foreign government. \u2002The term includes a monetary unit of account established by an intergovernmental organization or by agreement between two or more countries.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(25)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Organization<\/span>\u201d means a person other than an individual.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(26)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Party<\/span>,\u201d as distinguished from \u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">third party<\/span>,\u201d means a person that has engaged in a transaction or made an agreement subject to this code.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(27)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Person<\/span>\u201d means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, government, governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, public corporation, or any other legal or commercial entity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(28)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Present value<\/span>\u201d means the amount as of a date certain of one or more sums payable in the future, discounted to the date certain by use of either an interest rate specified by the parties if that rate is not manifestly unreasonable at the time the transaction is entered into or, if an interest rate is not so specified, a commercially reasonable rate that takes into account the facts and circumstances at the time the transaction is entered into.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(29)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Purchase<\/span>\u201d means taking by sale, lease, discount, negotiation, mortgage, pledge, lien, security interest, issue or reissue, gift, or any other voluntary transaction creating an interest in property.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(30)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Purchaser<\/span>\u201d means a person that takes by purchase.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(31)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Record<\/span>\u201d means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(32)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Remedy<\/span>\u201d means any remedial right to which an aggrieved party is entitled with or without resort to a tribunal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(33)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Representative<\/span>\u201d means a person empowered to act for another, including an agent, an officer of a corporation or association, and a trustee, executor, or administrator of an estate.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(34)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Right<\/span>\u201d includes remedy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(35)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Security interest<\/span>\u201d means an interest in personal property or fixtures which secures payment or performance of an obligation. \u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Security interest<\/span>\u201d includes any interest of a consignor and a buyer of accounts, chattel paper, a payment intangible, or a promissory note in a transaction that is subject to Division 9 (commencing with\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">Section 9101\u00a0<\/span>). \u2002\u201cSecurity interest\u201d does not include the special property interest of a buyer of goods on identification of those goods to a contract for sale under\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">Section 2401\u00a0<\/span>, but a buyer may also acquire a \u201csecurity interest\u201d by complying with Division 9 (commencing with\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">Section 9101\u00a0<\/span>). \u2002Except as otherwise provided in\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">Section 2505\u00a0<\/span>, the right of a seller or lessor of goods under Division 2 (commencing with\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">Section 2101\u00a0<\/span>) or Division 10 (commencing with\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">Section 10101\u00a0<\/span>) to retain or acquire possession of the goods is not a \u201csecurity interest,\u201d but a seller or lessor may also acquire a \u201csecurity interest\u201d by complying with Division 9 (commencing with\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">Section 9101\u00a0<\/span>). \u2002The retention or reservation of title by a seller of goods notwithstanding shipment or delivery to the buyer under\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">Section 2401\u00a0<\/span>is limited in effect to a reservation of a \u201csecurity interest.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Whether a transaction in the form of a lease creates a \u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">security interest<\/span>\u201d is determined pursuant to\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">Section 1203\u00a0<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(36)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Send<\/span>,\u201d in connection with a writing, record, or notice means:<\/p>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(A)\u2002to deposit in the mail or deliver for transmission by any other usual means of communication with postage or cost of transmission provided for and properly addressed and, in the case of an instrument, to an address specified thereon or otherwise agreed or, if there is none, to any address reasonable under the circumstances; or<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(B)\u2002in any other way to cause to be received any record or notice within the time it would have arrived if properly sent.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">(37)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Signed<\/span>\u201d includes using any symbol executed or adopted with present intention to adopt or accept a writing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><span class=\"added-material\">(38)\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Spouse<\/span>\u201d includes \u201cregistered domestic partner,\u201d as required by\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">Section 297.5 of the Family Code\u00a0<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><span class=\"added-material\">(39)<\/span>\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">State<\/span>\u201d means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><span class=\"added-material\">(40)<\/span>\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Surety<\/span>\u201d includes a guarantor or other secondary obligor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><span class=\"added-material\">(41)<\/span>\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Term<\/span>\u201d means a portion of an agreement that relates to a particular matter.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><span class=\"added-material\">(42)<\/span>\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Unauthorized signature<\/span>\u201d means a signature made without actual, implied, or apparent authority. \u2002The term includes a forgery.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><span class=\"added-material\">(43)<\/span>\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Warehouse receipt<\/span>\u201d means a receipt issued by a person engaged in the business of storing goods for hire.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subsection\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><span class=\"added-material\">(44)<\/span>\u2002\u201c<span class=\"wordphrase\">Writing<\/span>\u201d includes printing, typewriting, or any other intentional reduction to tangible form. \u2002\u201cWritten\u201d has a corresponding meaning.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"parent":2019,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5651","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Commercial Code - COM 1201 - California Statutes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/california-statutes\/california-statutes\/commercial-code-com-1201\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Commercial Code - COM 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