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Economists

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Conduct research, prepare reports, or formulate plans to address economic problems related to the production and distribution of goods and services or monetary and fiscal policy. May collect and process economic and statistical data using sampling techniques and econometric methods.


Sample of reported job titles: Economic Analyst, Economic Consultant, Economic Development Specialist, Economist, Forensic Economist, Project Economist, Research Analyst, Research Associate, Revenue Research Analyst, Tax Economist

Also see: Environmental Economists


Tasks  |  Technology Skills  |  Tools Used  |  Knowledge  |  Skills  |  Abilities  |  Work Activities  |  Detailed Work Activities  |  Work Context  |  Job Zone  |  Education  |  Credentials  |  Interests  |  Work Styles  |  Work Values  |  Related Occupations  |  Wages & Employment  |  Job Openings  |  Additional Information


Tasks

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  • Study economic and statistical data in area of specialization, such as finance, labor, or agriculture.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Conduct research on economic issues, and disseminate research findings through technical reports or scientific articles in journals.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Compile, analyze, and report data to explain economic phenomena and forecast market trends, applying mathematical models and statistical techniques.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Supervise research projects and students’ study projects.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Teach theories, principles, and methods of economics.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Study the socioeconomic impacts of new public policies, such as proposed legislation, taxes, services, and regulations.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Formulate recommendations, policies, or plans to solve economic problems or to interpret markets.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Explain economic impact of policies to the public.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Provide advice and consultation on economic relationships to businesses, public and private agencies, and other employers.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Forecast production and consumption of renewable resources and supply, consumption, and depletion of non-renewable resources.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Develop economic guidelines and standards, and prepare points of view used in forecasting trends and formulating economic policy.See more occupations related to this task.

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Technology Skills

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  • Analytical or scientific software — IBM SPSS Statistics Hot technology ; Minitab Hot technology ; SAS Hot technology ; The MathWorks MATLAB Hot technology (see all 19 examples)See more occupations related to this technology.
  • Data base management system software — MySQL Hot technology ; Teradata Database Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Data base user interface and query software — Microsoft Access Hot technology ; Microsoft SQL Server Hot technology ; Structured query language SQL Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Desktop publishing software — LaTeXSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Development environment software — Formula translation/translator FORTRAN; Microsoft Visual Basic Hot technology ; Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications VBA Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Electronic mail software — Microsoft Outlook Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Financial analysis software — Palisade @RiskSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Internet browser software — Microsoft Internet Explorer; Mozilla Firefox; Web browser softwareSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Map creation software — ESRI ArcViewSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Object or component oriented development software — C++ Hot technology ; Oracle Java Hot technology ; Python Hot technology ; R Hot technology (see all 5 examples)See more occupations related to this technology.
  • Office suite software — Corel WordPerfect Office Suite; Microsoft Office Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Operating system software — UNIX Hot technology ; UNIX Shell Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Presentation software — Microsoft PowerPoint Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Spreadsheet software — Corel QuattroPro; IBM Lotus 1-2-3; Microsoft Excel Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Web page creation and editing software — MediaWikiSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Word processing software — Microsoft Word Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.

Hot technology Hot Technology — a technology requirement frequently included in employer job postings.

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Knowledge

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  • Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • Economics and Accounting — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.See more occupations related to this knowledge.

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Skills

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  • Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Mathematics — Using mathematics to solve problems.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Systems Analysis — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Systems Evaluation — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Learning Strategies — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others’ actions.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Persuasion — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Time Management — Managing one’s own time and the time of others.See more occupations related to this skill.

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Abilities

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  • Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Mathematical Reasoning — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Number Facility — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).See more occupations related to this ability.

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Work Activities

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  • Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Interacting With Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Communicating with Persons Outside Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Developing Objectives and Strategies — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Provide Consultation and Advice to Others — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.See more occupations related to this activity.

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Detailed Work Activities

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  • Review professional literature to maintain professional knowledge.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Prepare scientific or technical reports or presentations.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Forecast economic, political, or social trends.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Supervise trainees.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Instruct college students in social sciences or humanities disciplines.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Conduct research on social issues.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Advise others on matters of public policy.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Explain regulations, policies, or procedures.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Present information to the public.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Advise others on business or operational matters.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Establish standards for products, processes, or procedures.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Testify at legal or legislative proceedings.See more occupations related to this activity.

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Work Context

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  • Electronic Mail — 91% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 83% responded “A lot of freedom.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 87% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 78% responded “A lot of freedom.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 61% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 77% responded “More than 40 hours.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Spend Time Sitting — 48% responded “Continually or almost continually.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 52% responded “Extremely important.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Telephone — 43% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Level of Competition — 41% responded “Highly competitive.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Time Pressure — 45% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Contact With Others — 43% responded “Contact with others about half the time.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 35% responded “Important.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Public Speaking — 39% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 35% responded “Minor results.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Letters and Memos — 43% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”See more occupations related to this work context.

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Job Zone

Title Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed
Education Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master’s degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree).
Related Experience Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job.
Job Training Employees may need some on-the-job training, but most of these occupations assume that the person will already have the required skills, knowledge, work-related experience, and/or training.
Job Zone Examples These occupations often involve coordinating, training, supervising, or managing the activities of others to accomplish goals. Very advanced communication and organizational skills are required. Examples include pharmacists, lawyers, astronomers, biologists, clergy, neurologists, and veterinarians.
SVP Range (8.0 and above)

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Education


Percentage of Respondents
Education Level Required
61   Doctoral degree
30   Master’s degree
4   Post-master’s certificate

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Credentials

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Interests

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Interest code: ICE   Want to discover your interests? Take the O*NET Interest Profiler at My Next Move.

  • Investigative — Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.See more occupations related to this interest.
  • Conventional — Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.See more occupations related to this interest.
  • Enterprising — Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.See more occupations related to this interest.

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Work Styles

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  • Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Independence — Job requires developing one’s own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Innovation — Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high stress situations.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Self Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.See more occupations related to this work style.

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Work Values

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  • Working Conditions — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.See more occupations related to this work value.
  • Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.See more occupations related to this work value.
  • Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.See more occupations related to this work value.

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Related Occupations

Show fewer All 9 displayed
15-2031.00 Operations Research Analysts   Bright Outlook Bright Outlook
15-2041.00 Statisticians Bright Outlook
19-3022.00 Survey Researchers
19-3041.00 Sociologists
19-3092.00 Geographers
19-3094.00 Political Scientists
25-1011.00 Business Teachers, Postsecondary
25-1063.00 Economics Teachers, Postsecondary
25-1064.00 Geography Teachers, Postsecondary

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