Foresters

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Manage public and private forested lands for economic, recreational, and conservation purposes. May inventory the type, amount, and location of standing timber, appraise the timber’s worth, negotiate the purchase, and draw up contracts for procurement. May determine how to conserve wildlife habitats, creek beds, water quality, and soil stability, and how best to comply with environmental regulations. May devise plans for planting and growing new trees, monitor trees for healthy growth, and determine optimal harvesting schedules.

Sample of reported job titles: Area Forester, Environmental Protection Forester, Fire Prevention Forester, Forest Practices Field Coordinator, Forester, Regional Forester, Resource Forester, Silviculturist, Unit Forester, Urban Forester

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Tasks

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Monitor contract compliance and results of forestry activities to assure adherence to government regulations.
Plan and supervise forestry projects, such as determining the type, number and placement of trees to be planted, managing tree nurseries, thinning forest and monitoring growth of new seedlings.
Establish short- and long-term plans for management of forest lands and forest resources.
Determine methods of cutting and removing timber with minimum waste and environmental damage.
Supervise activities of other forestry workers.
Perform inspections of forests or forest nurseries.
Plan and direct forest surveys and related studies and prepare reports and recommendations.
Direct, and participate in, forest fire suppression.
Choose and prepare sites for new trees, using controlled burning, bulldozers, or herbicides to clear weeds, brush, and logging debris.
Negotiate terms and conditions of agreements and contracts for forest harvesting, forest management and leasing of forest lands.
Plan cutting programs and manage timber sales from harvested areas, assisting companies to achieve production goals.
Contact local forest owners and gain permission to take inventory of the type, amount, and location of all standing timber on the property.
Map forest area soils and vegetation to estimate the amount of standing timber and future value and growth.
Monitor forest-cleared lands to ensure that they are reclaimed to their most suitable end use.
Plan and implement projects for conservation of wildlife habitats and soil and water quality.
Subcontract with loggers or pulpwood cutters for tree removal and to aid in road layout.
Provide advice and recommendations, as a consultant on forestry issues, to private woodlot owners, firefighters, government agencies or to companies.
Analyze effect of forest conditions on tree growth rates and tree species prevalence and the yield, duration, seed production, growth viability, and germination of different species.
Monitor wildlife populations and assess the impacts of forest operations on population and habitats.
Develop techniques for measuring and identifying trees.
Study different tree species’ classification, life history, light and soil requirements, adaptation to new environmental conditions and resistance to disease and insects.
Plan and direct construction and maintenance of recreation facilities, fire towers, trails, roads and bridges, ensuring that they comply with guidelines and regulations set for forested public lands.
Conduct public educational programs on forest care and conservation.

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Technology Skills

All 14 displayed Show 26 tools used

Analytical or scientific software — Forest vegetation simulators; Forest yield software
Calendar and scheduling software — Work scheduling software
Data base user interface and query software — Data entry software; Microsoft Access ; SMART
Electronic mail software — IBM Notes ; Microsoft Outlook
Enterprise resource planning ERP software — Trimble CENGEA
Geographic information system — ESRI ArcGIS software ; ESRI ArcView; Geographic information system GIS software
Internet browser software — Web browser software
Inventory management software — Forest Metrix; Fountains Forestry TwoDog
Map creation software — Mapping software
Office suite software — Microsoft Office
Presentation software — Microsoft PowerPoint
Spreadsheet software — Microsoft Excel
Web platform development software — Microsoft Active Server Pages ASP
Word processing software — Microsoft Word

Hot Technology — a technology requirement frequently included in employer job postings.

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Knowledge

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Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
Law and Government — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
Biology — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
Administrative — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
Geography — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.

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Skills

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Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others’ actions.
Time Management — Managing one’s own time and the time of others.
Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Systems Analysis — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
Systems Evaluation — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others’ reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
Negotiation — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.
Operations Monitoring — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
Mathematics — Using mathematics to solve problems.
Operation and Control — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
Persuasion — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.

Abilities

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Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
Flexibility of Closure — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
Far Vision — The ability to see details at a distance.
Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without “giving out” or fatiguing.
Control Precision — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
Selective Attention — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.

Work Activities

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Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Working with Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
Communicating with People Outside the Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Performing General Physical Activities — Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
Monitoring and Controlling Resources — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
Developing Objectives and Strategies — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Developing and Building Teams — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
Coaching and Developing Others — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.

Detailed Work Activities

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Assess compliance with environmental laws.
Manage agricultural or forestry operations.
Develop plans to manage natural or renewable resources.
Determine methods to minimize environmental impact of activities.
Inspect condition of natural environments.
Direct natural resources management or conservation programs.
Plan environmental research.
Measure environmental characteristics.
Monitor environmental impacts of production or development activities.
Cultivate land.
Advise others about environmental management or conservation.
Plan natural resources conservation or restoration programs.
Research crop management methods.
Develop agricultural methods.
Conduct research of processes in natural or industrial ecosystems.
Develop educational programs.

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Work Context

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Electronic Mail — 81% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 54% responded “Every day.”
Telephone — 63% responded “Every day.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 46% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 46% responded “Some freedom.”
Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 46% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 51% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 41% responded “Very important results.”
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 41% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 45% responded “Very important.”
Contact With Others — 48% responded “Contact with others most of the time.”
Deal With External Customers — 45% responded “Very important.”
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 43% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 31% responded “Every day.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 61% responded “Very important.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 53% responded “Very important.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 63% responded “40 hours.”
Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 33% responded “High responsibility.”
Consequence of Error — 32% responded “Very serious.”
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — 36% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — 28% responded “Every day.”
Spend Time Sitting — 54% responded “More than half the time.”
Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — 46% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Time Pressure — 46% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 39% responded “Limited responsibility.”
Letters and Memos — 38% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 36% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”

Job Zone

Title	Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed
Education	Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor’s degree, but some do not.
Related Experience	A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified.
Job Training	Employees in these occupations usually need several years of work-related experience, on-the-job training, and/or vocational training.
Job Zone Examples	Many of these occupations involve coordinating, supervising, managing, or training others. Examples include real estate brokers, sales managers, database administrators, graphic designers, chemists, art directors, and cost estimators.
SVP Range	(7.0 to < 8.0)

Education

Percentage of Respondents	Education Level Required
79	Bachelor’s degree
7	Associate’s degree
6	Post-secondary certificate

Credentials

Interests

All 3 displayed

Interest code: RIE Want to discover your interests? Take the O*NET Interest Profiler at My Next Move.

Realistic — Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
Investigative — Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
Enterprising — Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.

Work Styles

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Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.
Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
Independence — Job requires developing one’s own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high-stress situations.
Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
Self-Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others’ needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.
Innovation — Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.

Work Values

All 3 displayed

Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
Working Conditions — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.
Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.

Related Occupations

All 10 displayed

11-9121.00	Natural Sciences Managers
13-1041.01	Environmental Compliance Inspectors
19-1023.00	Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists
19-1031.00	Conservation Scientists
19-1031.02	Range Managers
19-2041.00	Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health
19-2043.00	Hydrologists
19-4042.00	Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health Bright Outlook
19-5011.00	Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
45-1011.00	First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers

Wages & Employment Trends

Median wages (2020)	$30.76 hourly, $63,980 annual
State wages
Local wages	ZIP Code:

Employment (2020)	13,700 employees
Projected growth (2020-2030)	Faster than average (10% to 15%)
Projected job openings (2020-2030)	1,400
State trends

Top industries (2020)	Government Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2020 wage data external site and 2020-2030 employment projections . “Projected growth” represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2020-2030). “Projected job openings” represent openings due to growth and replacement.

Job Openings on the Web

Sources of Additional Information

All 12 displayed

Disclaimer: Sources are listed to provide additional information on related jobs, specialties, and/or industries. Links to non-DOL Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement.

American Forest Resource Council
American Forests
American Tree Farm System
Council on Forest Engineering
Forest Stewards Guild
International Society of Arboriculture
National Association of State Foresters
National Woodland Owners Association
Northeastern Loggers Association
Occupational Outlook Handbook: Conservation scientists and foresters
Society for Range Management
Society of American Foresters

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