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Interpreters and Translators

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Interpret oral or sign language, or translate written text from one language into another.

Sample of reported job titles: American Sign Language Interpreter (ASL Interpreter), Court Interpreter, Educational Interpreter, Interpreter, Linguist, Medical Interpreter, Sign Language Interpreter, Spanish Interpreter, Spanish Translator, Translator

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Tasks  |  Technology Skills  |  Tools Used  |  Knowledge  |  Skills  |  Abilities  |  Work Activities  |  Detailed Work Activities  |  Work Context  |  Job Zone  |  Education  |  Credentials  |  Interests  |  Work Styles  |  Work Values  |  Related Occupations  |  Wages & Employment  |  Job Openings  |  Additional Information

Tasks

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  • Follow ethical codes that protect the confidentiality of information.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Translate messages simultaneously or consecutively into specified languages, orally or by using hand signs, maintaining message content, context, and style as much as possible.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Listen to speakers’ statements to determine meanings and to prepare translations, using electronic listening systems as necessary.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Compile terminology and information to be used in translations, including technical terms such as those for legal or medical material.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Refer to reference materials, such as dictionaries, lexicons, encyclopedias, and computerized terminology banks, as needed to ensure translation accuracy.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Check translations of technical terms and terminology to ensure that they are accurate and remain consistent throughout translation revisions.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Identify and resolve conflicts related to the meanings of words, concepts, practices, or behaviors.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Compile information on content and context of information to be translated and on intended audience.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Adapt translations to students’ cognitive and grade levels, collaborating with educational team members as necessary.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Check original texts or confer with authors to ensure that translations retain the content, meaning, and feeling of the original material.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Adapt software and accompanying technical documents to another language and culture.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Educate students, parents, staff, and teachers about the roles and functions of educational interpreters.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Proofread, edit, and revise translated materials.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Train and supervise other translators or interpreters.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Read written materials, such as legal documents, scientific works, or news reports, and rewrite material into specified languages.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Travel with or guide tourists who speak another language.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Discuss translation requirements with clients and determine any fees to be charged for services provided.See more occupations related to this task.

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Technology Skills

Show fewer All 12 displayed     Show 11 tools used
  • Data base user interface and query software — Microsoft Access Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Dictionary software — Electronic dictionariesSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Electronic mail software — Microsoft Outlook Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Foreign language software — AceTools.biz Ace Translator; Adapt It; Smart Link Corporation ImTranslator; Stormdance CatsCradle (see all 15 examples)See more occupations related to this technology.
  • Internet browser software — Web browser softwareSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Internet protocol IP multimedia subsystem software — Voice over internet protocol VoIP system software Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Mobile messaging service software — Intrado SchoolMessengerSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Office suite software — Microsoft Office Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Presentation software — Microsoft PowerPoint Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Spreadsheet software — Microsoft Excel Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Web platform development software — Extensible hypertext markup language XHTML; Hypertext markup language HTML Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Word processing software — Microsoft Word Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.

Hot technology Hot Technology — a technology requirement frequently included in employer job postings.

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Knowledge

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  • English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • Foreign Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • Administrative — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • Law and Government — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.See more occupations related to this knowledge.

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Skills

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  • Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others’ reactions and understanding why they react as they do.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others’ actions.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Learning Strategies — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Time Management — Managing one’s own time and the time of others.See more occupations related to this skill.

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Abilities

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  • Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Selective Attention — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Auditory Attention — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Speed of Closure — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Time Sharing — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).See more occupations related to this ability.

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Work Activities

Show fewer All 20 displayed
  • Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Communicating with People Outside the Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Developing and Building Teams — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Working with Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Assisting and Caring for Others — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.See more occupations related to this activity.

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Detailed Work Activities

Show fewer All 8 displayed
  • Translate information for others.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Compile technical information or documentation.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Conduct research to inform art, designs, or other work.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Verify accuracy of data.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Provide educational information to the public.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Edit written materials.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Train others on work processes.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Confer with clients to determine needs.See more occupations related to this activity.

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Work Context

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  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 92% responded “Extremely important.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 88% responded “Extremely important.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 80% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Contact With Others — 71% responded “Constant contact with others.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Electronic Mail — 74% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 64% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 55% responded “Extremely important.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 43% responded “Important results.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 72% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 56% responded “Some freedom.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Time Pressure — 72% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Level of Competition — 35% responded “Extremely competitive.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Telephone — 33% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Spend Time Sitting — 39% responded “Continually or almost continually.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Consequence of Error — 51% responded “Extremely serious.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Physical Proximity — 58% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 37% responded “Some freedom.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 46% responded “High responsibility.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 32% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 30% responded “Important.”See more occupations related to this work context.

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Job Zone

Title Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed
Education Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor’s degree, but some do not.
Related Experience A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified.
Job Training Employees in these occupations usually need several years of work-related experience, on-the-job training, and/or vocational training.
Job Zone Examples Many of these occupations involve coordinating, supervising, managing, or training others. Examples include real estate brokers, sales managers, database administrators, graphic designers, chemists, art directors, and cost estimators.
SVP Range (7.0 to < 8.0)

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Education


Percentage of Respondents
Education Level Required
55   Bachelor’s degree
28   Master’s degree
8   High school diploma or equivalent

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Credentials

Find Training Find Certifications Find Licenses Apprenticeship.gov

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Interests

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Interest code: AS   Want to discover your interests? Take the O*NET Interest Profiler at My Next Move.

  • Artistic — Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules.See more occupations related to this interest.
  • Social — Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.See more occupations related to this interest.

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Work Styles

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  • Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Independence — Job requires developing one’s own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Self-Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high-stress situations.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others’ needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Social Orientation — Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Innovation — Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.See more occupations related to this work style.

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Work Values

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  • Relationships — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.See more occupations related to this work value.
  • Working Conditions — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.See more occupations related to this work value.
  • Recognition — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.See more occupations related to this work value.

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Related Occupations

Show fewer All 9 displayed
19-4061.00 Social Science Research Assistants
25-2012.00 Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education
25-3011.00 Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors
25-4031.00 Library Technicians
25-9044.00 Teaching Assistants, Postsecondary
27-3023.00 News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists
27-3031.00 Public Relations Specialists   Bright Outlook Bright Outlook
27-3041.00 Editors
27-3043.00 Writers and Authors

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Wages & Employment Trends

Median wages (2020) $25.16 hourly, $52,330 annual
State wages
 
Local wages
  
Employment (2020) 81,400 employees
Projected growth (2020-2030) Much faster than average (15% or higher) Much faster than average (15% or higher)
Projected job openings (2020-2030) 10,400
State trends
 
Top industries (2020)
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
Educational Services

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2020 wage data external site and 2020-2030 employment projections external site. “Projected growth” represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2020-2030). “Projected job openings” represent openings due to growth and replacement.

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Job Openings on the Web

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Sources of Additional Information

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Disclaimer: Sources are listed to provide additional information on related jobs, specialties, and/or industries. Links to non-DOL Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement.

  • Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing external site
  • American Association of the DeafBlind external site
  • American Literary Translators Association external site
  • American Sign Language Teachers Association external site
  • American Translators Association external site
  • Communications Workers of America external site
  • Conference of Interpreter Trainers external site
  • International Association of Conference Interpreters external site
  • Interpreters Guild of America external site
  • National Association of Judiciary Interpreters and Translators external site
  • National Association of the Deaf external site
  • National Council on Interpreting in Health Care external site
  • New England Translators Association external site
  • Occupational Outlook Handbook: Interpreters and translators external site
  • Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf external site
  • World Association of Sign Language Interpreters external site

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This page includes information from O*NET OnLine by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). Used under the CC BY 4.0 license. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA.

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