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Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates

CrowdSourceLawyers.com

Arbitrate, advise, adjudicate, or administer justice in a court of law. May sentence defendant in criminal cases according to government statutes or sentencing guidelines. May determine liability of defendant in civil cases. May perform wedding ceremonies.

Sample of reported job titles: Circuit Court Judge, Circuit Judge, County Judge, Court of Appeals Judge, District Court Judge, Judge, Justice of the Peace, Magisterial District Judge, Magistrate, Superior Court Judge

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Tasks  |  Technology Skills  |  Tools Used  |  Knowledge  |  Skills  |  Abilities  |  Work Activities  |  Detailed Work Activities  |  Work Context  |  Job Zone  |  Education  |  Credentials  |  Interests  |  Work Styles  |  Work Values  |  Related Occupations  |  Wages & Employment  |  Job Openings  |  Additional Information

Tasks

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  • Sentence defendants in criminal cases, on conviction by jury, according to applicable government statutes.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Monitor proceedings to ensure that all applicable rules and procedures are followed.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Instruct juries on applicable laws, direct juries to deduce the facts from the evidence presented, and hear their verdicts.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Write decisions on cases.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Read documents on pleadings and motions to ascertain facts and issues.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Rule on admissibility of evidence and methods of conducting testimony.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Preside over hearings and listen to allegations made by plaintiffs to determine whether the evidence supports the charges.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Award compensation for damages to litigants in civil cases in relation to findings by juries or by the court.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Advise attorneys, juries, litigants, and court personnel regarding conduct, issues, and proceedings.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Research legal issues and write opinions on the issues.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Interpret and enforce rules of procedure or establish new rules in situations where there are no procedures already established by law.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Issue arrest warrants.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Settle disputes between opposing attorneys.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Impose restrictions upon parties in civil cases until trials can be held.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Supervise other judges, court officers, and the court’s administrative staff.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Rule on custody and access disputes, and enforce court orders regarding custody and support of children.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Conduct preliminary hearings to decide issues, such as whether there is reasonable and probable cause to hold defendants in felony cases.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Grant divorces and divide assets between spouses.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Participate in judicial tribunals to help resolve disputes.See more occupations related to this task.

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Technology Skills

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  • Data base user interface and query software — Online databasesSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Document management software — Adobe Systems Adobe Acrobat Hot technology ; Hyland OnBase Enterprise Content ManagementSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Electronic mail software — Email software; Microsoft Outlook Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Information retrieval or search software — LexisNexis; Thomson Reuters WestlawSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Instant messaging softwareSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Internet browser software — Web browser softwareSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Legal management software — Courtroom scheduling softwareSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Office suite software — Microsoft Office Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Operating system software — Microsoft operating systemSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Presentation software — Microsoft PowerPoint Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Spreadsheet software — Microsoft Excel Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Video conferencing software — Videoconferencing softwareSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Web page creation and editing software — LinkedIn Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Word processing software — Microsoft Word Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.

Hot technology Hot Technology — a technology requirement frequently included in employer job postings.

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Knowledge

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  • Law and Government — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.See more occupations related to this knowledge.

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Skills

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  • Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others’ reactions and understanding why they react as they do.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Time Management — Managing one’s own time and the time of others.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Negotiation — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others’ actions.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Persuasion — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Systems Analysis — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.See more occupations related to this skill.

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Abilities

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  • Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Selective Attention — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.See more occupations related to this ability.

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Work Activities

Show fewer All 21 displayed
  • Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Working with Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Performing Administrative Activities — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Communicating with People Outside the Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.See more occupations related to this activity.

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Detailed Work Activities

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  • Make decisions in legal cases.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Direct courtroom activities or procedures.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Conduct hearings to investigate legal issues.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Prepare written decisions for legal proceedings.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Research relevant legal materials to aid decision making.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Identify implications for cases from legal precedents or other legal information.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Rule on admissibility of legal proceedings.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Authorize payments to settle legal disputes.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Arbitrate disputes between parties to resolve legal conflicts.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Serve court ordered documents.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Supervise activities of other legal personnel.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Inform the public about policies, services or procedures.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Administer oaths to court participants.See more occupations related to this activity.

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Work Context

Show fewer All 26 displayed
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 100% responded “A lot of freedom.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 100% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 91% responded “A lot of freedom.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 89% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 89% responded “Very important results.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Electronic Mail — 85% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Spend Time Sitting — 79% responded “Continually or almost continually.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 75% responded “Extremely important.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 80% responded “Extremely important.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Time Pressure — 74% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Contact With Others — 78% responded “Constant contact with others.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Deal With External Customers — 79% responded “Extremely important.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Frequency of Conflict Situations — 78% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 90% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 52% responded “Extremely important.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 46% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Public Speaking — 46% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Telephone — 58% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Letters and Memos — 42% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 69% responded “More than 40 hours.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Consequence of Error — 35% responded “Extremely serious.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 31% responded “Very high responsibility.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Physical Proximity — 50% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Deal With Physically Aggressive People — 36% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 38% responded “Very important.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Level of Competition — 35% responded “Not at all competitive.”See more occupations related to this work context.

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Job Zone

Title Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed
Education Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master’s degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree).
Related Experience Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job.
Job Training Employees may need some on-the-job training, but most of these occupations assume that the person will already have the required skills, knowledge, work-related experience, and/or training.
Job Zone Examples These occupations often involve coordinating, training, supervising, or managing the activities of others to accomplish goals. Very advanced communication and organizational skills are required. Examples include pharmacists, lawyers, astronomers, biologists, clergy, neurologists, and veterinarians.
SVP Range (8.0 and above)

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Education


Percentage of Respondents
Education Level Required
66   Doctoral degree
23   Professional degree

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10   Post-doctoral training

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Credentials

Find Training Apprenticeship.gov

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Interests

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Interest code: ES   Want to discover your interests? Take the O*NET Interest Profiler at My Next Move.

  • Enterprising — Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.See more occupations related to this interest.
  • Social — Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.See more occupations related to this interest.
  • Conventional — Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.See more occupations related to this interest.

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Work Styles

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  • Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high-stress situations.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Self-Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Independence — Job requires developing one’s own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others’ needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Social Orientation — Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Innovation — Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.See more occupations related to this work style.

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Work Values

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  • Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.See more occupations related to this work value.
  • Relationships — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.See more occupations related to this work value.
  • Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.See more occupations related to this work value.

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Related Occupations

Show fewer All 9 displayed
13-1041.03 Equal Opportunity Representatives and Officers
19-3094.00 Political Scientists
21-1092.00 Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists
23-1011.00 Lawyers
23-1012.00 Judicial Law Clerks
23-1021.00 Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers
23-1022.00 Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators
25-1111.00 Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary   Bright Outlook Bright Outlook
25-1112.00 Law Teachers, Postsecondary Bright Outlook

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Wages & Employment Trends

Median wages (2020) $67.83 hourly, $141,080 annual
State wages
 
Local wages
  
Employment (2020) 29,400 employees
Projected growth (2020-2030) Slower than average (1% to 5%) Slower than average (1% to 5%)
Projected job openings (2020-2030) 1,500
State trends
 
Top industries (2020)
Government

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2020 wage data external site and 2020-2030 employment projections external site. “Projected growth” represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2020-2030). “Projected job openings” represent openings due to growth and replacement.

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Job Openings on the Web

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Sources of Additional Information

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Disclaimer: Sources are listed to provide additional information on related jobs, specialties, and/or industries. Links to non-DOL Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement.

  • American Bar Association external site
  • American Inns of Court external site
  • American Judges Association external site
  • National Association of Drug Court Professionals external site
  • National Association of Women Judges external site
  • National Bar Association external site
  • National Center for State Courts external site
  • National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges external site
  • National Judges Association external site
  • Occupational Outlook Handbook: Judges and hearing officers external site
  • The National Judicial College external site

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This page includes information from O*NET OnLine by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). Used under the CC BY 4.0 license. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA.

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