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Tax Preparers

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Prepare tax returns for individuals or small businesses.

Sample of reported job titles: Certified Income Tax Preparer (CTP), Corporate Tax Preparer, Enrolled Agent, Income Tax Preparer, Tax Advisor, Tax Associate, Tax Consultant, Tax Preparer, Tax Professional, Tax Specialist

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Tasks  |  Technology Skills  |  Tools Used  |  Knowledge  |  Skills  |  Abilities  |  Work Activities  |  Detailed Work Activities  |  Work Context  |  Job Zone  |  Education  |  Credentials  |  Interests  |  Work Styles  |  Work Values  |  Related Occupations  |  Wages & Employment  |  Job Openings  |  Additional Information

Tasks

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  • Use all appropriate adjustments, deductions, and credits to keep clients’ taxes to a minimum.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Compute taxes owed or overpaid, using adding machines or personal computers, and complete entries on forms, following tax form instructions and tax tables.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Interview clients to obtain additional information on taxable income and deductible expenses and allowances.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Review financial records, such as income statements and documentation of expenditures to determine forms needed to prepare tax returns.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Prepare or assist in preparing simple to complex tax returns for individuals or small businesses.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Check data input or verify totals on forms prepared by others to detect errors in arithmetic, data entry, or procedures.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Furnish taxpayers with sufficient information and advice to ensure correct tax form completion.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Consult tax law handbooks or bulletins to determine procedures for preparation of atypical returns.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Explain federal and state tax laws to individuals and companies.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Answer questions and provide future tax planning to clients.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Calculate form preparation fees according to return complexity and processing time required.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Schedule appointments with clients.See more occupations related to this task.

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Technology Skills

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  • Accounting software — Intuit QuickBooks Hot technology ; Intuit Quicken; M8 Client Billing; Tax software (see all 5 examples)See more occupations related to this technology.
  • Calendar and scheduling software — ScheduleVIEWSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Data base user interface and query software — Microsoft Access Hot technology ; Sage 50 AccountingSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Document management software — Laserfiche AvanteSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Electronic mail software — Email software; Microsoft Outlook Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Financial analysis software — Datair Employee Benefits Systems; Sales Tax Tools Sales Tax Researcher; Sungard Relius; Sync Essentials Trade Accountant (see all 5 examples)See more occupations related to this technology.
  • Human resources software — Greatland Corporation WinfilerSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Internet browser software — Microsoft Internet ExplorerSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Office suite software — Microsoft Office Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Project management software — ACI TaskTrackerSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Spreadsheet software — Microsoft Excel Hot technology ; Thomson GoSystem MyTaxInfoSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Tax preparation software — ATX Total Tax Office; CCH ProSystem fx TAX; Creative Solutions UltraTax CS; Petz Enterprises V-Tax (see all 16 examples)See more occupations related to this technology.
  • Web page creation and editing softwareSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Word processing software — Microsoft Word Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.

Hot technology Hot Technology — a technology requirement frequently included in employer job postings.

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Knowledge

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  • Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • Economics and Accounting — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • Law and Government — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • Administrative — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.See more occupations related to this knowledge.

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Skills

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  • Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Mathematics — Using mathematics to solve problems.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others’ reactions and understanding why they react as they do.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.See more occupations related to this skill.

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Abilities

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  • Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Mathematical Reasoning — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Number Facility — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.See more occupations related to this ability.

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Work Activities

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  • Working with Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Performing Administrative Activities — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Communicating with People Outside the Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Coaching and Developing Others — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Providing Consultation and Advice to Others — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.See more occupations related to this activity.

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Detailed Work Activities

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  • Calculate tax information.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Examine financial records.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Interview clients to gather financial information.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Advise others on financial matters.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Verify accuracy of records.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Update professional knowledge.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Explain regulations, policies, or procedures.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Correspond with customers to answer questions or resolve complaints.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Develop financial plans for clients.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Schedule appointments.See more occupations related to this activity.

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Work Context

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  • Spend Time Sitting — 82% responded “Continually or almost continually.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 77% responded “Extremely important.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Electronic Mail — 64% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Telephone — 68% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 57% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 59% responded “Extremely important.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 77% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Contact With Others — 45% responded “Constant contact with others.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 41% responded “A lot of freedom.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 55% responded “Some freedom.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 59% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Time Pressure — 41% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 41% responded “Very important results.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Deal With External Customers — 50% responded “Extremely important.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 50% responded “40 hours.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Work Schedules — 64% responded “Seasonal (only during certain times of the year).”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Letters and Memos — 36% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Level of Competition — 41% responded “Moderately competitive.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 32% responded “Continually or almost continually.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 32% responded “Less than half the time.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 36% responded “Important.”See more occupations related to this work context.

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Job Zone

Title Job Zone Three: Medium Preparation Needed
Education Most occupations in this zone require training in vocational schools, related on-the-job experience, or an associate’s degree.
Related Experience Previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is required for these occupations. For example, an electrician must have completed three or four years of apprenticeship or several years of vocational training, and often must have passed a licensing exam, in order to perform the job.
Job Training Employees in these occupations usually need one or two years of training involving both on-the-job experience and informal training with experienced workers. A recognized apprenticeship program may be associated with these occupations.
Job Zone Examples These occupations usually involve using communication and organizational skills to coordinate, supervise, manage, or train others to accomplish goals. Examples include hydroelectric production managers, travel guides, electricians, agricultural technicians, barbers, court reporters, and medical assistants.
SVP Range (6.0 to < 7.0)

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Education


Percentage of Respondents
Education Level Required
32   High school diploma or equivalent

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32   Bachelor’s degree
18   Some college, no degree

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Credentials

Find Training Find Certifications Find Licenses Apprenticeship.gov

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Interests

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Interest code: CE   Want to discover your interests? Take the O*NET Interest Profiler at My Next Move.

  • Conventional — Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.See more occupations related to this interest.
  • Enterprising — Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.See more occupations related to this interest.

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Work Styles

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  • Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Self-Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high-stress situations.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others’ needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Independence — Job requires developing one’s own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Social Orientation — Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.See more occupations related to this work style.

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Work Values

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  • Relationships — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.See more occupations related to this work value.
  • Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.See more occupations related to this work value.
  • Support — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.See more occupations related to this work value.

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Related Occupations

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13-2011.00 Accountants and Auditors Bright Outlook
13-2041.00 Credit Analysts
13-2052.00 Personal Financial Advisors
13-2072.00 Loan Officers
13-2081.00 Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents
23-2093.00 Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers
43-3021.00 Billing and Posting Clerks
43-3031.00 Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks   Bright Outlook Bright Outlook
43-4011.00 Brokerage Clerks
43-4131.00 Loan Interviewers and Clerks

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Wages & Employment Trends

Median wages (2020) $21.30 hourly, $44,300 annual
State wages
 
Local wages
  
Employment (2020) 87,400 employees
Projected growth (2020-2030) Slower than average (1% to 5%) Slower than average (1% to 5%)
Projected job openings (2020-2030) 9,800
State trends
 
Top industries (2020)
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2020 wage data external site and 2020-2030 employment projections external site. “Projected growth” represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2020-2030). “Projected job openings” represent openings due to growth and replacement.

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Job Openings on the Web

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Sources of Additional Information

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Disclaimer: Sources are listed to provide additional information on related jobs, specialties, and/or industries. Links to non-DOL Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement.

  • American Institute of CPAs external site
  • Institute of Management Accountants external site
  • National Association of Enrolled Agents external site
  • National Association of Tax Consultants external site
  • National Association of Tax Professionals external site
  • National Society of Accountants external site
  • National Tax Association external site

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