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Waiters and Waitresses

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Take orders and serve food and beverages to patrons at tables in dining establishment.

Sample of reported job titles: Banquet Server, Buffet Server, Cocktail Server, Food Runner, Food Server, Restaurant Server, Server, Waiter, Waitress, Waitstaff

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Tasks  |  Technology Skills  |  Tools Used  |  Knowledge  |  Skills  |  Abilities  |  Work Activities  |  Detailed Work Activities  |  Work Context  |  Job Zone  |  Education  |  Credentials  |  Interests  |  Work Styles  |  Work Values  |  Related Occupations  |  Wages & Employment  |  Job Openings  |  Additional Information

Tasks

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  • Take orders from patrons for food or beverages.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Check with customers to ensure that they are enjoying their meals and take action to correct any problems.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Check patrons’ identification to ensure that they meet minimum age requirements for consumption of alcoholic beverages.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Collect payments from customers.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Write patrons’ food orders on order slips, memorize orders, or enter orders into computers for transmittal to kitchen staff.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Prepare checks that itemize and total meal costs and sales taxes.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Present menus to patrons and answer questions about menu items, making recommendations upon request.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Remove dishes and glasses from tables or counters and take them to kitchen for cleaning.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Serve food or beverages to patrons, and prepare or serve specialty dishes at tables as required.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Clean tables or counters after patrons have finished dining.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Prepare tables for meals, including setting up items such as linens, silverware, and glassware.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Explain how various menu items are prepared, describing ingredients and cooking methods.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Assist host or hostess by answering phones to take reservations or to-go orders, and by greeting, seating, and thanking guests.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Escort customers to their tables.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Perform cleaning duties, such as sweeping and mopping floors, vacuuming carpet, tidying up server station, taking out trash, or checking and cleaning bathroom.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Inform customers of daily specials.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Prepare hot, cold, and mixed drinks for patrons, and chill bottles of wine.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Roll silverware, set up food stations, or set up dining areas to prepare for the next shift or for large parties.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Stock service areas with supplies such as coffee, food, tableware, and linens.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Bring wine selections to tables with appropriate glasses, and pour the wines for customers.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Fill salt, pepper, sugar, cream, condiment, and napkin containers.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Describe and recommend wines to customers.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Perform food preparation duties such as preparing salads, appetizers, and cold dishes, portioning desserts, and brewing coffee.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Provide guests with information about local areas, including giving directions.See more occupations related to this task.
  • Garnish and decorate dishes in preparation for serving.See more occupations related to this task.

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Technology Skills

Show fewer All 3 displayed     Show 9 tools used
  • Instant messaging software — BlinkSee more occupations related to this technology.
  • Point of sale POS software — Compris Advanced Manager’s Workstation; Hospitality Control Solutions Aloha Point-of-Sale; Intuit QuickBooks Point of Sale; NCR Advanced Checkout Solution (see all 8 examples)See more occupations related to this technology.
  • Web page creation and editing software — Facebook Hot technologySee more occupations related to this technology.

Hot technology Hot Technology — a technology requirement frequently included in employer job postings.

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Knowledge

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  • Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.See more occupations related to this knowledge.
  • Food Production — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.See more occupations related to this knowledge.

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Skills

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  • Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others’ reactions and understanding why they react as they do.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others’ actions.See more occupations related to this skill.
  • Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.See more occupations related to this skill.

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Abilities

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  • Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Time Sharing — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Selective Attention — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Stamina — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.See more occupations related to this ability.
  • Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without “giving out” or fatiguing.See more occupations related to this ability.

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Work Activities

Show fewer All 17 displayed
  • Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Assisting and Caring for Others — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Handling and Moving Objects — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Performing General Physical Activities — Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Selling or Influencing Others — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.See more occupations related to this activity.

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Detailed Work Activities

Show fewer All 19 displayed
  • Take customer orders.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Communicate with customers to resolve complaints or ensure satisfaction.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Enforce rules or regulations.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Process customer bills or payments.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Communicate dining or order details to kitchen personnel.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Present food or beverage information or menus to customers.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Collect dirty dishes or other tableware.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Serve food or beverages.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Cook foods.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Arrange tables or dining areas.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Clean food service areas.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Assist customers with seating arrangements.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Schedule dining reservations.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Clean food preparation areas, facilities, or equipment.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Prepare hot or cold beverages.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Stock serving stations or dining areas with food or supplies.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Prepare foods for cooking or serving.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Add garnishes to food.See more occupations related to this activity.
  • Provide customers with general information or assistance.See more occupations related to this activity.

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Work Context

Show fewer All 21 displayed
  • Contact With Others — 89% responded “Constant contact with others.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Spend Time Walking and Running — 82% responded “Continually or almost continually.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Spend Time Standing — 79% responded “Continually or almost continually.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 73% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Physical Proximity — 51% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 64% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 40% responded “Extremely important.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 39% responded “Extremely important.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Deal With External Customers — 55% responded “Extremely important.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 39% responded “Continually or almost continually.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 61% responded “Continually or almost continually.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 43% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 43% responded “Extremely important.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 37% responded “Very important results.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Telephone — 49% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 32% responded “Important.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 45% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 31% responded “Moderate responsibility.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 50% responded “Every day.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — 30% responded “Less than half the time.”See more occupations related to this work context.
  • Level of Competition — 39% responded “Moderately competitive.”See more occupations related to this work context.

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Job Zone

Title Job Zone Two: Some Preparation Needed
Education These occupations usually require a high school diploma.
Related Experience Some previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is usually needed. For example, a teller would benefit from experience working directly with the public.
Job Training Employees in these occupations need anywhere from a few months to one year of working with experienced employees. A recognized apprenticeship program may be associated with these occupations.
Job Zone Examples These occupations often involve using your knowledge and skills to help others. Examples include orderlies, counter and rental clerks, customer service representatives, security guards, upholsterers, and tellers.
SVP Range (4.0 to < 6.0)

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Education


Percentage of Respondents
Education Level Required
57   High school diploma or equivalent

Help
28   Less than high school diploma
7   Bachelor’s degree

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Credentials

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Interests

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Interest code: SEC   Want to discover your interests? Take the O*NET Interest Profiler at My Next Move.

  • Social — Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.See more occupations related to this interest.
  • Enterprising — Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.See more occupations related to this interest.
  • Conventional — Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.See more occupations related to this interest.
  • Realistic — Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.See more occupations related to this interest.

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Work Styles

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  • Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Self-Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high-stress situations.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Social Orientation — Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others’ needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Independence — Job requires developing one’s own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.See more occupations related to this work style.
  • Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.See more occupations related to this work style.

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Work Values

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  • Relationships — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.See more occupations related to this work value.
  • Support — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.See more occupations related to this work value.
  • Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.See more occupations related to this work value.

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Related Occupations

Show fewer All 9 displayed
35-2011.00 Cooks, Fast Food
35-2021.00 Food Preparation Workers Bright Outlook
35-3023.00 Fast Food and Counter Workers Bright Outlook
35-3041.00 Food Servers, Nonrestaurant Bright Outlook
35-9011.00 Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers Bright Outlook
35-9031.00 Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop   Bright Outlook Bright Outlook
39-3031.00 Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers Bright Outlook
41-2011.00 Cashiers Bright Outlook
53-7065.00 Stockers and Order Fillers Bright Outlook

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Wages & Employment Trends

Median wages (2020) $11.42 hourly, $23,740 annual
State wages
 
Local wages
  
Employment (2020) 2,023,200 employees
Projected growth (2020-2030) Much faster than average (15% or higher) Much faster than average (15% or higher)
Projected job openings (2020-2030) 470,200
State trends
 
Top industries (2020)
Accommodation and Food Services

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2020 wage data external site and 2020-2030 employment projections external site. “Projected growth” represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2020-2030). “Projected job openings” represent openings due to growth and replacement.

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Job Openings on the Web

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Sources of Additional Information

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Disclaimer: Sources are listed to provide additional information on related jobs, specialties, and/or industries. Links to non-DOL Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement.

  • Court of Master Sommeliers external site
  • Federation of Dining Room Professionals external site
  • International Council on Hotel, Restaurant, and Institutional Education external site
  • National Restaurant Association external site
  • Occupational Outlook Handbook: Waiters and waitresses external site
  • UNITE HERE external site

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This page includes information from O*NET OnLine by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). Used under the CC BY 4.0 license. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA.

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