{"id":1020,"date":"2021-10-25T04:03:32","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T04:03:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1020"},"modified":"2022-05-03T21:50:13","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T21:50:13","slug":"caci-1804b-use-of-name-or-likeness-use-in-connection-with-news-public-affairs-or-sports-broadcast-or-account-or-political-campaign-civ-code-%c2%a7-3344d","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-1804b-use-of-name-or-likeness-use-in-connection-with-news-public-affairs-or-sports-broadcast-or-account-or-political-campaign-civ-code-%c2%a7-3344d\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 1804B Use of Name or Likeness\u2014Use in Connection With News, Public Affairs, or Sports Broadcast or Account, or Political Campaign (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093344(d))"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku7zzlsu-5b7a1fe59b6e6959dc5a3c70d9a1878a\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku7zzlsu-5b7a1fe59b6e6959dc5a3c70d9a1878a{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku7zzlsu-5b7a1fe59b6e6959dc5a3c70d9a1878a .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku7zzlsu-5b7a1fe59b6e6959dc5a3c70d9a1878a .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku7zzlsu-5b7a1fe59b6e6959dc5a3c70d9a1878a av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 1804B Use of Name or Likeness\u2014Use in Connection With News, Public Affairs, or Sports Broadcast or Account, or Political Campaign (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093344(d))<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku800r3j-c5a54288a570bee87e2c11e328c62aba\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku800r3j-c5a54288a570bee87e2c11e328c62aba .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku800r3j-c5a54288a570bee87e2c11e328c62aba '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">1804B\u00a0Use of Name or Likeness\u2014Use in Connection With News, Public Affairs, or Sports Broadcast or Account, or Political Campaign (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093344(d))<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] violated [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] right to privacy. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] knowingly used [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s [name\/voice\/signature\/photograph\/likeness] [on merchandise\/ [or] to advertise or sell [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">describe what is being advertised or sold<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the use occurred in connection with a [[news\/public affairs\/sports] broadcast or account\/political campaign];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the use contained false information;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Use for public figure<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">: That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] knew the [broadcast or account\/campaign material] was false or that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] acted with reckless disregard of its falsity;]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">or<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Use for private individual<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">: That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was negligent in determining the truth of the [broadcast or account\/campaign material];]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s use of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s [name\/voice\/signature\/photograph\/likeness] was directly connected to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s commercial purpose;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">6.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">7.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Derived from former CACI No. 1804 April 2008; Revised April 2009 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction if the plaintiff\u2019s name or likeness has been used in connection with a news, public affairs, or sports broadcast or account, or with a political campaign. In this situation, consent is not required. (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093344(d).) However, in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Eastwood v. Superior Court,<\/span>\u00a0the court held that the constitutional standards under defamation law apply under section 3344(d) and that the statute as it applies to news does not provide protection for a knowing or reckless falsehood. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Eastwood v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(1983) 149 Cal.App.3d 409, 421\u2013426 [198 Cal.Rptr. 342].) Under defamation law, this standard applies only to public figures, and private individuals may sue for negligent publication of defamatory falsehoods. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Id.<\/span>\u00a0at p. 424.) Presumably, the same distinction between public figures and private individuals would apply under\u00a0Civil Code section 3344(d). Element 4 provides for the standards established and suggested by\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Eastwood<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Give\u00a0CACI No. 1804A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Use of Name or Likeness,<\/span>\u00a0if there is no issue whether one of the exceptions of\u00a0Civil Code section 3344(d)\u00a0applies. If plaintiff alleges that the use was not covered by subdivision (d) (e.g., not a \u201cnews\u201d account) but that even if it were covered it is not protected under the standards of\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Eastwood<\/span>, then both this instruction and\u00a0CACI No. 1804A\u00a0should be given in the alternative. In that case, it should be made clear to the jury that if the plaintiff fails to prove the inapplicability of\u00a0Civil Code section 3344(d)\u00a0as set forth element 2 of\u00a0CACI No. 1804A, the claim is still viable if the plaintiff proves all the elements of this instruction.<\/p>\n<p>If the plaintiff is asserting more than one privacy right, give an introductory instruction stating that a person\u2019s right to privacy can be violated in more than one way and listing the legal theories under which the plaintiff is suing. One\u2019s name and likeness are protected under both the common law and under\u00a0Civil Code section 3344. As the statutory remedy is cumulative (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093344(g)), both this instruction and\u00a0CACI No. 1803,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Appropriation of Name or Likeness,<\/span>\u00a0which sets forth the common-law cause of action, will normally be given.<\/p>\n<p>Note that a plaintiff is entitled to the sum of $750 under\u00a0Civil Code section 3344(a)\u00a0even if actual damages are not proven. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Miller v. Collectors Universe, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2008) 159 Cal.App.4th 988, 1008 [72 Cal.Rptr.3d 194]\u00a0[claim for 14,060 misappropriations of plaintiff\u2019s name under section 3344(a) constitutes single cause of action for which statutory damages are $750].)<\/p>\n<p>Even though consent is not required, it may be an affirmative defense.\u00a0CACI No. 1721,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Affirmative Defense\u2014Consent<\/span>\u00a0(to defamation)<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">,<\/span>\u00a0may be used in this situation. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Liability for Use of Name or Likeness.\u00a0Civil Code section 3344.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Civil Code section 3344\u00a0is \u201ca commercial appropriation statute which complements the common law tort of appropriation.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">KNB Enters. v. Matthews<\/span>\u00a0(2000) 78 Cal.App.4th 362, 366\u2013367 [92 Cal.Rptr.2d 713].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[C]alifornia\u2019s appropriation statute is not limited to celebrity plaintiffs.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">KNB Enters., supra,<\/span>\u00a078 Cal.App.4th at p. 367.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThere are two vehicles a plaintiff can use to protect this right: a common law cause of action for commercial misappropriation and a section 3344 claim. To prove the common law cause of action, the plaintiff must establish: \u2018\u2009\u201c(1) the defendant\u2019s use of the plaintiff\u2019s identity; (2) the appropriation of plaintiff\u2019s name or likeness to defendant\u2019s advantage, commercially or otherwise; (3) lack of consent; and (4) resulting injury.\u201d [Citation.]\u2019 To prove the statutory remedy, a plaintiff must present evidence of \u2018all the elements of the common law cause of action\u2019 and must also prove \u2018a knowing use by the defendant as well as a direct connection between the alleged use and the commercial purpose.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Orthopedic Systems, Inc. v. Schlein<\/span>\u00a0(2011) 202 Cal.App.4th 529, 544 [135 Cal.Rptr.3d 200], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe differences between the common law and statutory actions are: (1) Section 3344, subdivision (a) requires a knowing use whereas under case law, mistake and inadvertence are not a defense against commercial appropriation; and (2) Section 3344, subdivision (g) expressly provides that its remedies are cumulative and in addition to any provided for by law.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Eastwood, supra,<\/span>\u00a0149 Cal.App.3d at p. 417, fn. 6, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe spacious interest in an unfettered press is not without limitation. This privilege is subject to the qualification that it shall not be so exercised as to abuse the rights of individuals. Hence, in defamation cases, the concern is with defamatory lies masquerading as truth. Similarly, in privacy cases, the concern is with nondefamatory lies masquerading as truth. Accordingly, we do not believe that the Legislature intended to provide an exemption from liability for a knowing or reckless falsehood under the canopy of \u2018news.\u2019 We therefore hold that\u00a0Civil Code section 3344, subdivision (d), as it pertains to news, does not provide an exemption for a knowing or reckless falsehood.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Eastwood, supra,<\/span>\u00a0149 Cal.App.3d at p. 426, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">The burden of proof as to knowing or reckless falsehood under\u00a0Civil Code section 3344(d)\u00a0is on the plaintiff. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Eastwood, supra,<\/span>\u00a0149 Cal.App.3d at p. 426.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he single-publication rule as codified in [Civil Code] section 3425.3\u00a0applies, in general, to a cause of action for unauthorized commercial use of likeness.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Christoff v. Nestle USA, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 47 Cal.4th 468, 476 [97 Cal.Rptr.3d 798, 213 P.3d 132].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAny facts which tend to disprove one of the allegations raised in a complaint may be offered in the defendant\u2019s answer based upon a general denial and need not be raised by affirmative defense.\u2009\u2026 Throughout this litigation plaintiffs have borne the burden of establishing that their names and likenesses were used in violation of section 3344, and this burden has always required proof that the disputed uses fell outside the exemptions granted by subdivision (d).\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Gionfriddo v. Major League Baseball<\/span>\u00a0(2001) 94 Cal.App.4th 400, 416\u2013417 [114 Cal.Rptr.2d 307], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe presume that the Legislature intended that the category of public affairs would include things that would not necessarily be considered news. Otherwise, the appearance of one of those terms in the subsection would be superfluous, a reading we are not entitled to give to the statute. We also presume that the term \u2018public affairs\u2019 was intended to mean something less important than news. Public affairs must be related to real-life occurrences.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Dora v. Frontline Video, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1993) 15 Cal.App.4th 536, 546 [18 Cal.Rptr.2d 790], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[N]o cause of action will lie for the \u2018publication of matters in the public interest, which rests on the right of the public to know and the freedom of the press to tell it.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Montana v. San Jose Mercury News<\/span>\u00a0(1995) 34 Cal.App.4th 790, 793 [40 Cal.Rptr.2d 639], internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>5 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009789\u2013791<\/div>\n<div>Chin et al., California Practice Guide: Employment Litigation, Ch. 5-:L,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Invasion Of Privacy<\/span>, \u00b6\u00b6\u20095:1116\u20135:1118 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>4 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 46,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Invasion of Privacy<\/span>, \u00a7\u200946.05\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>37\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 429,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Privacy<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009429.36\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>18\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 184,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Privacy: Invasion of Privacy<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009184.35\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Civil Practice: Torts \u00a7\u200920:17 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-726tss-2128d527e267889425177674d751d52b hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5fkpak-d9794c4923cd28bb408c66b0e2be3eaf\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5fkpak-d9794c4923cd28bb408c66b0e2be3eaf .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5fkpak-d9794c4923cd28bb408c66b0e2be3eaf '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1020","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 1804B Use of Name or Likeness\u2014Use in Connection With News, Public Affairs, or Sports Broadcast or Account, or Political Campaign (Civ. 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