{"id":1072,"date":"2021-10-25T03:49:52","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:49:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1072"},"modified":"2022-05-05T15:28:51","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T15:28:51","slug":"caci-1903-negligent-misrepresentation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-1903-negligent-misrepresentation\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 1903 Negligent Misrepresentation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku816a0n-7ec9aa36b4ac59f761504c8546c943d2\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku816a0n-7ec9aa36b4ac59f761504c8546c943d2{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku816a0n-7ec9aa36b4ac59f761504c8546c943d2 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku816a0n-7ec9aa36b4ac59f761504c8546c943d2 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku816a0n-7ec9aa36b4ac59f761504c8546c943d2 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 1903 Negligent Misrepresentation<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 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data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku817j91-7323e22b111a24c8f560e90fa6dc6826\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku817j91-7323e22b111a24c8f560e90fa6dc6826 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku817j91-7323e22b111a24c8f560e90fa6dc6826 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">1903\u00a0Negligent Misrepresentation<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] was harmed because [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] negligently misrepresented a fact. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] represented to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] that a fact was true;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s representation was not true;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [although [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] may have honestly believed that the representation was true,] [[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\/he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had no reasonable grounds for believing the representation was true when [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] made it;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] intended that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] rely on this representation;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] reasonably relied on [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s representation;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">6.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">7.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s reliance on [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s representation was a substantial factor in causing [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] harm. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised December 2009, December 2013 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction in a case in which it is alleged that the defendant made certain representations with no reason to believe that they were true. (See\u00a0Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20091710(2).) If element 5 is contested, give\u00a0CACI No. 1907,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Reliance<\/span>, and\u00a0CACI No. 1908,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Reasonable Reliance<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>If both negligent misrepresentation and intentional misrepresentation are alleged in the alternative, give both this instruction and\u00a0CACI No.1900,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Intentional Misrepresentation<\/span>. If only negligent misrepresentation is alleged, the bracketed reference to the defendant\u2019s honest belief in the truth of the representation in element 3 may be omitted. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bily v. Arthur Young &amp; Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1992) 3 Cal.4th 370, 407\u2013408 [11 Cal.Rptr.2d 51, 834 P.2d 745].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Negligent Misrepresentation.\u00a0Civil Code section 1710.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cNegligent misrepresentation is a separate and distinct tort, a species of the tort of deceit. \u2018Where the defendant makes false statements, honestly believing that they are true, but without reasonable ground for such belief, he may be liable for negligent misrepresentation, a form of deceit.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bily, supra<\/span>, 3 Cal.4th at p. 407, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThis is not merely a case where the defendants made false representations of matters within their personal knowledge which they had\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">no reasonable grounds for believing to be true<\/span>. Such acts clearly would constitute actual fraud under California law. In such situations the defendant\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">believes<\/span>\u00a0the representations to be true but is without reasonable grounds for such belief. His liability is based on negligent misrepresentation which has been made a form of actionable deceit. On the contrary, in the instant case, the court found that the defendants\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">did not believe<\/span>\u00a0in the truth of the statements. Where a person makes statements which he does not believe to be true, in a reckless manner without knowing whether they are true or false, the element of scienter is satisfied and he is liable for intentional misrepresentation.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Yellow Creek Logging Corp. v. Dare<\/span>\u00a0(1963) 216 Cal.App.2d 50, 57 [30 Cal.Rptr. 629], original italics, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cNegligent misrepresentation requires an assertion of fact, falsity of that assertion, and the tortfeasor\u2019s lack of reasonable grounds for believing the assertion to be true. It also requires the tortfeasor\u2019s intent to induce reliance, justifiable reliance by the person to whom the false assertion of fact was made, and damages to that person. An implied assertion of fact is \u2018not enough\u2019 to support liability.\u201d\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">(<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">SI 59 LLC v. Variel Warner Ventures, LLC<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 29 Cal.App.5th 146, 154 [239 Cal.Rptr.3d 788], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018To be actionable deceit, the representation need not be made with knowledge of actual falsity, but need only be an \u201cassertion, as a fact, of that which is not true, by one who has no reasonable ground for believing it to be true\u201d and made \u201cwith intent to induce [the recipient] to alter his position to his injury or his risk.\u2009\u2026\u2019\u2009\u201d The elements of negligent misrepresentation also include justifiable reliance on the representation, and resulting damage.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">B.L.M. v. Sabo &amp; Deitsch<\/span>\u00a0(1997) 55 Cal.App.4th 823, 834 [64 Cal.Rptr.2d 335], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[Plaintiffs] do not allege negligence. They allege negligent misrepresentation. They are different torts, as the Supreme Court expressly observed in [<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bily<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 3 Cal.4th at p. 407]: \u2018[N]either the courts (ourselves included), the commentators, nor the authors of the Restatement Second of Torts have made clear or careful distinctions between the tort of negligence and the separate tort of negligent misrepresentation. The distinction is important not only because of the different statutory bases of the two torts, but also because it has practical implications for the trial of cases in complex areas \u2026\u2009. [\u00b6] Negligent misrepresentation is a separate and distinct tort, a species of the tort of deceit.\u2019 In short, the elements of each tort are different. Perhaps more importantly, the policies behind each tort sometimes call for different results even when applied to the same conduct.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bock v. Hansen<\/span>\u00a0(2014) 225 Cal.App.4th 215, 227\u2212228 [170 Cal.Rptr.3d 293].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAs is true of negligence, responsibility for negligent misrepresentation rests upon the existence of a legal duty, imposed by contract, statute or otherwise, owed by a defendant to the injured person. The determination of whether a duty exists is primarily a question of law.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Eddy v. Sharp<\/span>\u00a0(1988) 199 Cal.App.3d 858, 864 [245 Cal.Rptr. 211], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe tort of negligent misrepresentation is similar to fraud, except that it does not require scienter or an intent to defraud.\u2009\u2026 [T]he same elements of intentional fraud also comprise a cause of action for negligent misrepresentation, with the exception that there is no requirement of intent to induce reliance\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Tenet Healthsystem Desert, Inc. v. Blue Cross of California<\/span>\u00a0(2016) 245 Cal.App.4th 821, 845 [199 Cal.Rptr.3d 901], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018\u2009\u201cWhere the defendant makes false statements, honestly believing that they are true, but without reasonable ground for such belief, he may be liable for negligent misrepresentation, a form of deceit.\u201d\u2009\u2019 If defendant\u2019s belief \u2018is both honest and reasonable, the misrepresentation is innocent and there is no tort liability.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Diediker v. Peelle Financial Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(1997) 60 Cal.App.4th 288, 297 [70 Cal.Rptr.2d 442], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] cause of action for misrepresentation requires an affirmative statement, not an implied assertion.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">RSB Vineyards, LLC v. Orsi<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 15 Cal.App.5th 1089, 1102 [223 Cal.Rptr.3d 458].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhether a defendant had reasonable ground for believing his or her false statement to be true is ordinarily a question of fact.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Quality Wash Group V, Ltd. v. Hallak<\/span>\u00a0(1996) 50 Cal.App.4th 1687, 1696 [58 Cal.Rptr.2d 592], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]here are two causation elements in a fraud cause of action. First, the plaintiff\u2019s actual and justifiable reliance on the defendant\u2019s misrepresentation must have caused him to take a detrimental course of action. Second, the detrimental action taken by the plaintiff must have caused his alleged damage.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Beckwith v. Dahl<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 205 Cal.App.4th 1039, 1062 [141 Cal.Rptr.3d 142].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe law is well established that actionable misrepresentations must pertain to past or existing material facts. Statements or predictions regarding future events are deemed to be mere opinions which are not actionable.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Cansino v. Bank of America<\/span>\u00a0(2014) 224 Cal.App.4th 1462, 1469 [169 Cal.Rptr.3d 619], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhere, as here, a negligent misrepresentation claim is brought against the provider of a professional opinion based on special knowledge, information or expertise regarding a company\u2019s value, the California Supreme Court requires the following: \u2018The representation must have been made with the intent to induce plaintiff, or a particular class of persons to which plaintiff belongs, to act in reliance upon the representation in a specific transaction, or a specific type of transaction, that defendant intended to influence. Defendant is deemed to have intended to influence [its client\u2019s] transaction with plaintiff whenever defendant knows with substantial certainty that plaintiff, or the particular class of persons to which plaintiff belongs, will rely on the representation in the course of the transaction. [However,] [i]f others become aware of the representation and act upon it, there is no liability even though defendant should reasonably have foreseen such a possibility.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Public Employees\u2019 Retirement System v. Moody\u2019s Investors Service, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2014) 226 Cal.App.4th 643, 667\u2212668 [172 Cal.Rptr.3d 238].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[P]laintiffs rely on\u00a0section 311 of the Restatement Second of Torts\u00a0(section 311), which addresses negligent misrepresentation involving physical harm. Under section 311(1), \u2018[o]ne who negligently gives false information to another is subject to liability for physical harm caused by action taken by the other in reasonable reliance upon such information, where such harm results [\u00b6] \u2026 [\u00b6] to such third persons as the actor should expect to be put in peril by the action taken.\u2019 [\u00b6] Section 311\u2019s theory of liability is intended to be \u2018somewhat broader\u2019 than that for mere pecuniary loss. It \u2018finds particular application where it is a part of the actor\u2019s business or profession to give information upon which the safety of the recipient or a third person depends.\u2019 This court applied and followed section 311 \u2026\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">T.H. v. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 4 Cal.5th 145, 162\u2013163 [226 Cal.Rptr.3d 336, 407 P.3d 18], internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>5 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009940\u2013942, 946\u2013949<\/div>\n<div>Chin et al., California Practice Guide: Employment Litigation, Ch. 5(I)-H,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Negligent Misrepresentation<\/span>, \u00b6\u20095:781 et seq. (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>Croskey et al., California Practice Guide: Insurance Litigation, Ch. 11-D,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Negligent Misrepresentation<\/span>, \u00b6\u200911:41 et seq. (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>3 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 40,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fraud and Deceit and Other Business Torts<\/span>, \u00a7\u200940.10\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>23\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 269,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fraud and Deceit<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009269.14 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>10\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 105,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fraud and Deceit<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009105.270 et seq.\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Civil Practice: Torts \u00a7\u00a7\u2009\u200922:13\u201322:15 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7tceqo-e26c4f53139a10d660d5c2719e8772af hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-67bi4g-4cf8e2292ae425bdb36e25c31094a08b\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-67bi4g-4cf8e2292ae425bdb36e25c31094a08b .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-67bi4g-4cf8e2292ae425bdb36e25c31094a08b '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1072","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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