{"id":1112,"date":"2021-10-25T03:50:08","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:50:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1112"},"modified":"2022-05-05T15:48:39","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T15:48:39","slug":"caci-2022-private-nuisance-balancing-test-factors-seriousness-of-harm-and-public-benefit","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-2022-private-nuisance-balancing-test-factors-seriousness-of-harm-and-public-benefit\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 2022 Private Nuisance\u2014Balancing-Test Factors\u2014Seriousness of Harm and Public Benefit"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku837v4x-59c77c71cf2eabc4e522fab2c06982dd\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku837v4x-59c77c71cf2eabc4e522fab2c06982dd{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku837v4x-59c77c71cf2eabc4e522fab2c06982dd .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku837v4x-59c77c71cf2eabc4e522fab2c06982dd .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku837v4x-59c77c71cf2eabc4e522fab2c06982dd av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 2022 Private Nuisance\u2014Balancing-Test Factors\u2014Seriousness of Harm and Public Benefit<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span 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itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku8393e9-5b44039adb00ac82ad068aea63327239\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku8393e9-5b44039adb00ac82ad068aea63327239 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku8393e9-5b44039adb00ac82ad068aea63327239 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">2022\u00a0Private Nuisance\u2014Balancing-Test Factors\u2014Seriousness of Harm and Public Benefit<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">In determining whether the seriousness of the harm to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] outweighs the public benefit of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct, you should consider a number of factors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">To determine the seriousness of the harm [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] suffered, you should consider the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">a.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The extent of the harm, meaning how much the condition [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] caused interfered with [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s use or enjoyment of [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] property, and how long that interference lasted.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">b.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The character of the harm, that is, whether the harm involved a loss from the destruction or impairment of physical things that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was using, or personal discomfort or annoyance.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">c.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The value that society places on the type of use or enjoyment invaded. The greater the social value of the particular type of use or enjoyment of land that is invaded, the greater is the seriousness of the harm from the invasion.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">d.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The suitability of the type of use or enjoyment invaded to the nature of the locality. The nature of a locality is based on the primary kind of activity at that location, such as residential, industrial, or other activity.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">e.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The extent of the burden (such as expense and inconvenience) placed on [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] to avoid the harm.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">To determine the public benefit of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct, you should consider:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">a.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The value that society places on the primary purpose of the conduct that caused the interference. The primary purpose of the conduct means [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s main objective for engaging in the conduct. How much social value a particular purpose has depends on how much its achievement generally advances or protects the public good.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">b.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The suitability of the conduct that caused the interference to the nature of the locality. The suitability of the conduct depends upon its compatibility to the primary activities carried on in the locality.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">c.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The practicability or impracticality of preventing or avoiding the invasion. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New December 2015 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction must be given with\u00a0CACI No. 2021,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Private Nuisance\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wilson v. Southern California Edison Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2015) 234 Cal.App.4th 123, 160\u2212165 [184 Cal.Rptr.3d 26].)\u00a0CACI No. 2021\u00a0has been found to be inadequate to express the requirement that the plaintiff must suffer\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">serious<\/span>\u00a0harm without this additional guidance to the jury on how to determine whether the seriousness of the plaintiff\u2019s harm outweighs the public benefit of the defendant\u2019s conduct (CACI No. 2021, element 8). (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Id.<\/span>\u00a0at pp. 162\u2212163.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018The interference with the protected interest must not only be substantial, but it must also be unreasonable\u2019, i.e., it must be \u2018of such a nature, duration or amount as to constitute unreasonable interference with the use and enjoyment of the land.\u2019 The primary test for determining whether the invasion is unreasonable is whether the gravity of the harm outweighs the social utility of the defendant\u2019s conduct, taking a number of factors into account. Again the standard is objective: the question is not whether the particular plaintiff found the invasion unreasonable, but \u2018whether reasonable persons generally, looking at the whole situation impartially and objectively, would consider it unreasonable.\u2019 And again this is a question of fact: \u2018Fundamentally, the unreasonableness of intentional invasions is a problem of relative values to be determined by the trier of fact in each case in the light of all the circumstances of that case.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">San Diego Gas &amp; Electric Co. v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(1996) 13 Cal.4th 893, 938\u2013939 [55 Cal.Rptr.2d 724, 920 P.2d 669], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cHad the jury been instructed on the proper factors to consider when weighing the gravity of the harm against the social utility of [defendant]\u2019s conduct and found [defendant] liable, the statement of these elements would be sufficient because in finding in favor of [plaintiff] the jury necessarily would have concluded that the harm was substantial. Without such instruction, it is not.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wilson, supra<\/span>, 234 Cal.App.4th at p. 163.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Restatement Second of Torts, section 827\u00a0provides:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In determining the gravity of the harm from an intentional invasion of another\u2019s interest in the use and enjoyment of land, the following factors are important:<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">(a)<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">the extent of the harm involved;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">(b)<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">the character of the harm involved;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">(c)<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">the social value that the law attaches to the type of use or enjoyment invaded;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">(d)<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">the suitability of the particular use or enjoyment invaded to the character of the locality; and<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">(e)<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">the burden on the person harmed of avoiding the harm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Restatement Second of Torts, section 828\u00a0provides:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In determining the utility of conduct that causes an intentional invasion of another\u2019s interest in the use and enjoyment of land, the following factors are important:<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">(a)<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">the social value that the law attaches to the primary purpose of the conduct;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">(b)<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">the suitability of the conduct to the character of the locality; and<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">(c)<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">the impracticability of preventing or avoiding the invasion. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>13 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Equity, \u00a7\u2009190<\/div>\n<div>2 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 17,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Nuisance and Trespass<\/span>, \u00a7\u200917.05\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>9\u00a0California Real Estate Law and Practice, Ch. 320,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">The Law of Nuisance<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009320.15\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>34\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 391,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Nuisance<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009391.20\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>16\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 167,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Nuisance<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009167.47\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-6tcbtk-9f748a61ee7fb2e7b4455b88fafcc677 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5jv0x4-56d8a7b4e5259671cd60ef4bbc0ee81e\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5jv0x4-56d8a7b4e5259671cd60ef4bbc0ee81e .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5jv0x4-56d8a7b4e5259671cd60ef4bbc0ee81e '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1112","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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