{"id":1136,"date":"2021-10-25T03:50:21","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:50:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1136"},"modified":"2022-05-05T15:51:12","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T15:51:12","slug":"caci-2031-damages-for-annoyance-and-discomfort-trespass-or-nuisance","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-2031-damages-for-annoyance-and-discomfort-trespass-or-nuisance\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 2031 Damages for Annoyance and Discomfort\u2014Trespass or Nuisance"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku83g7i8-65885cab769754fd4298f67ad011d88b\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku83g7i8-65885cab769754fd4298f67ad011d88b{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku83g7i8-65885cab769754fd4298f67ad011d88b .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku83g7i8-65885cab769754fd4298f67ad011d88b .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku83g7i8-65885cab769754fd4298f67ad011d88b av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 2031 Damages for Annoyance and Discomfort\u2014Trespass or Nuisance<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku83h9ba-111bad5c012110848c6218ec89b234ef\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku83h9ba-111bad5c012110848c6218ec89b234ef .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku83h9ba-111bad5c012110848c6218ec89b234ef '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">2031\u00a0Damages for Annoyance and Discomfort\u2014Trespass or Nuisance<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">If you decide that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] has proved that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] committed a [trespass\/nuisance], [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] may recover damages that would reasonably compensate [him\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] for the annoyance and discomfort, including emotional distress or mental anguish, caused by the injury to [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] peaceful enjoyment of the property that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] occupied<\/span>. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New December 2010; Revised November 2017 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction if the plaintiff claims damages for annoyance and discomfort resulting from a trespass or nuisance, including emotional distress or mental anguish proximately caused by the trespass or nuisance. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hensley v. San Diego Gas &amp; Electric Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 7 Cal.App.5th 1337, 1348\u20131349 [213 Cal.Rptr.3d 803]; but see\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Kelly v. CB&amp;I Constructors, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 179 Cal.App.4th 442, 456 [102 Cal.Rptr.3d 32]\u00a0[damages for annoyance and discomfort are distinct from general damages for mental or emotional distress]; see also\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vieira Enterprises, Inc. v. McCoy<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 8 Cal.App.5th 1057, 1094 [214 Cal.Rptr.3d 193\u00a0[workability of distinction between damages for annoyance and discomfort and general damages \u201cmay be questioned\u201d].)<\/p>\n<p>There may also be a split of authority as to whether the plaintiff must have been in immediate possession of the property in order to recover for annoyance and discomfort. (Compare\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hensley, supra,<\/span>\u00a07 Cal.App.5th at pp. 1352\u20131355\u00a0[no limitation] with\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Kelly, supra,<\/span>\u00a0179 Cal.App.4th at p. 458\u00a0[plaintiff must be in immediate possession of the property]; see also\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vieira Enterprises, Inc., supra,<\/span>\u00a08 Cal.App.5th at p. 1094\u00a0[not necessary that the plaintiff be present at the moment of a tortious invasion of the property].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cOnce a cause of action for trespass or nuisance is established, an occupant of land may recover damages for annoyance and discomfort that would naturally ensue therefrom.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Kornoff v. Kingsburg Cotton Oil Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1955) 45 Cal.2d 265, 272 [288 P.2d 507].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he restrictions on emotional distress damages involved in breach of contract or negligence cases do not apply when a plaintiff\u2019s emotional distress is the result of the defendant\u2019s commission of a tort arising from an invasion of a property interest.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hensley, supra,<\/span>\u00a07 Cal.App.5th at pp. 1356\u20131357.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[O]nce a cause of action for trespass or nuisance is established, a landowner may recover for annoyance and discomfort,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">including emotional distress or mental anguish,<\/span>\u00a0proximately caused by the trespass or nuisance.\u2009\u2026\u2009[\u00b6] This is so even where the trespass or nuisance involves solely property damage.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hensley, supra,<\/span>\u00a07 Cal.App.5th at pp. 1348\u20131349, original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[Plaintiff]\u2019s fear, stress and anxiety suffered as a direct and proximate result of the fire and its attendant damage, loss of use and enjoyment are compensable as damages for annoyance and discomfort.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hensley, supra,<\/span>\u00a07 Cal.App.5th at p. 1351.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe reject [defendant]\u2019s contention that in order for emotional distress damages to \u2018naturally ensue\u2019 from a trespass or nuisance, the owner or occupant must be personally or physically present on the invaded property during the trespass or nuisance.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hensley, supra,<\/span>\u00a07 Cal.App.5th at p. 1352.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe do not question that a nonresident property owner may suffer mental or emotional distress from damage to his or her property. But annoyance and discomfort damages are distinct from general damages for mental and emotional distress. Annoyance and discomfort damages are intended to compensate a plaintiff for the loss of his or her peaceful occupation and enjoyment of the property.\u2009\u2026 \u2018We recognize that annoyance and discomfort by their very nature include a mental or emotional component, and that some dictionary definitions of these terms include the concept of distress. Nevertheless, the \u201cannoyance and discomfort\u201d for which damages may be recovered on nuisance and trespass claims generally refers to distress arising out of physical discomfort, irritation, or inconvenience caused by odors, pests, noise, and the like. Our cases have permitted recovery for annoyance and discomfort damages on nuisance and trespass claims while at the same time precluding recovery for \u201cpure\u201d emotional distress.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Kelly<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 179 Cal.App.4th at p. 456, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cCalifornia cases upholding an award of annoyance and discomfort damages have involved a plaintiff who was in immediate possession of the property as a resident or commercial tenant. We are aware of no California case upholding an award of annoyance and discomfort damages to a plaintiff who was not personally in immediate possession of the property.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Kelly<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 179 Cal.App.4th at p. 458, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Kelly<\/span>\u00a0stands only for the proposition that legal occupancy is required to recover damages for annoyance and discomfort in a trespass case, and that standard requires immediate and personal possession, as a resident or commercial tenant would have. Here, there is no dispute the [plaintiffs] both owned and resided on their property, and they meet the legal standard of occupancy necessary to claim damages for annoyance, discomfort, inconvenience or mental anguish proximately caused by the trespass, as the jury was instructed without controversy in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Kelly.<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Kelly<\/span>\u00a0does not hold that an occupant must be personally or physically present\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">at the time of the harmful invasion<\/span>\u00a0to deem emotional distress damages \u201cnaturally ensuing\u201d therefrom.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hensley, supra,<\/span>\u00a07 Cal.App.5th at pp. 1354\u20131355, original italics, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]t is not necessary that the plaintiff be present at the moment of a tortious invasion of the property. But it is necessary that the annoyance and discomfort arise from and relate to some personal effect of the\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">interference with use and enjoyment<\/span>\u00a0which lies at the heart of the tort of trespass.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vieira Enterprises, Inc., supra,<\/span>\u00a08 Cal.App.5th at p. 1094, original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] plaintiff may recover damages for annoyance and discomfort proximately caused by tortious injuries to trees on her property if she was in immediate and personal possession of the property at the time of the trespass.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fulle v. Kanani<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 7 Cal.App.5th 1305, 1313 [212 Cal.Rptr.3d 920], internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u20091915<\/div>\n<div>2 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 17,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Nuisance and Trespass<\/span>, \u00a7\u200917.23\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>48\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 550,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Trespass<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009550.21\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>22\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 225,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Trespass<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009225.145\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-6zd8hc-52807c597355af9b16153f1bfecd6df4 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5mh4a8-4f0336436053991246cc1d9f2ecb82f0\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5mh4a8-4f0336436053991246cc1d9f2ecb82f0 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5mh4a8-4f0336436053991246cc1d9f2ecb82f0 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1136","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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