{"id":1137,"date":"2021-10-25T03:50:21","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:50:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1137"},"modified":"2022-05-05T15:50:23","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T15:50:23","slug":"caci-2030-affirmative-defense-statute-of-limitations-trespass-or-private-nuisance","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-2030-affirmative-defense-statute-of-limitations-trespass-or-private-nuisance\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 2030 Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Trespass or Private Nuisance"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku83ei3p-e361b1740c62bf77b963ac34430758f5\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku83ei3p-e361b1740c62bf77b963ac34430758f5{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku83ei3p-e361b1740c62bf77b963ac34430758f5 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku83ei3p-e361b1740c62bf77b963ac34430758f5 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku83ei3p-e361b1740c62bf77b963ac34430758f5 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 2030 Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Trespass or Private Nuisance<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku83fvee-98d8efb8073b7bc448e13449ca2242b2\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku83fvee-98d8efb8073b7bc448e13449ca2242b2 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku83fvee-98d8efb8073b7bc448e13449ca2242b2 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">2030\u00a0Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Trespass or Private Nuisance<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] contends that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s lawsuit was not filed within the time set by law. To succeed on this defense, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s claimed harm occurred before [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert date three years before date of filing<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">].<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[If [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] proves that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s claimed harm occurred before [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert date three years before date of filing<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], the lawsuit was still filed on time if [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] proves that the [trespass\/nuisance] is continuous. A [trespass\/nuisance] is continuous if it can be discontinued. Among the factors that indicate that the [trespass\/nuisance] can be discontinued are the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(a)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the [trespass\/nuisance] is currently continuing;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(b)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the impact of the condition will vary over time;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(c)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the [trespass\/nuisance] can be discontinued at any time, in a reasonable manner, and for reasonable cost, considering the benefits and detriments if it is discontinued.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[You must consider the continuous nature of the damage to the property that a nuisance causes, not the continuous nature of the acts causing the nuisance to occur.]] <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New April 2008 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction is for use if the defendant claims that the plaintiff\u2019s action was not filed within the applicable three-year period for injury to real property. (See\u00a0Code Civ. Proc., \u00a7\u2009338(b).) This instruction may be used for a permanent trespass other than an action for damages for wrongful damage to timber, to which a five-year statute applies. (See\u00a0Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093346(c).) It may also be used for a permanent private nuisance. There is no limitation period for a public nuisance. (See\u00a0Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093490.) There is also essentially no statute of limitation for a continuing trespass or continuing private nuisance, but damages for future harm are not recoverable. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lyles v. State of California<\/span>\u00a0(2007) 153 Cal.App.4th 281, 291 [62 Cal.Rptr.3d 696]\u00a0[nuisance];\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Starrh &amp; Starrh Cotton Growers v. Aera Energy LLC<\/span>\u00a0(2007) 153 Cal.App.4th 583, 592 [63 Cal.Rptr.3d 165]\u00a0[trespass].)<\/p>\n<p>Include the optional second paragraph if there is an issue of fact as to whether the trespass or nuisance is permanent or continuous. If applicable, include the last sentence in the case of a nuisance.<\/p>\n<p>If the plaintiff alleges that the delayed-discovery rule applies to avoid the limitation defense,\u00a0CACI No. 455,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Statute of Limitations\u2014Delayed Discovery,<\/span>\u00a0may be adapted for use.<\/p>\n<p>See also\u00a0CACI No. 3903F,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Damage to Real Property (Economic Damage),<\/span>\u00a0and\u00a0CACI No. 3903G,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Loss of Use of Real Property (Economic Damage)<\/span>. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Three-Year Statute of Limitations.\u00a0Code of Civil Procedure section 338.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">No Lapse of Time Can Legalize Public Nuisance.\u00a0Civil Code section 3490.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] trespass may be continuing or permanent. A permanent trespass is an intrusion on property under circumstances that indicate an intention that the trespass shall be permanent. In these cases, the law considers the wrong to be completed at the time of entry and allows recovery of damages for past, present, and future harm in a single action, generally the diminution in the property\u2019s value. The cause of action accrues and the statute of limitations begins to run at the time of entry.\u2009\u2026 [\u00b6] In contrast, a continuing trespass is an intrusion under circumstances that indicate the trespass may be discontinued or abated. In these circumstances, damages are assessed for present and past damages only; prospective damages are not awarded because the trespass may be discontinued or abated at some time, ending the harm.\u2009\u2026 Continuing trespasses are essentially a series of successive injuries, and the statute of limitations begins anew with each injury. In order to recover for all harm inflicted by a continuing trespass, the plaintiff is required to bring periodic successive actions.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Starrh &amp; Starrh Cotton Growers, supra,<\/span>\u00a0153 Cal.App.4th at p. 592.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cTwo distinct classifications have emerged in nuisance law which determine the remedies available to injured parties and the applicable statute of limitations. On the one hand, permanent nuisances are of a type where \u2018by one act a permanent injury is done, [and] damages are assessed once for all.\u2019 \u2026 In such cases, plaintiffs ordinarily are required to bring one action for all past, present and future damage within three years after the permanent nuisance is erected. The statutory period is shorter for claims against public entities. (Gov. Code, \u00a7\u2009911.2.) Damages are not dependent upon any subsequent use of the property but are complete when the nuisance comes into existence. [\u00b6] On the other hand, if a nuisance is a use which may be discontinued at any time, it is considered continuing in character and persons harmed by it may bring successive actions for damages until the nuisance is abated. Recovery is limited, however, to actual injury suffered prior to commencement of each action. Prospective damages are unavailable.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Baker v. Burbank-Glendale-Pasadena Airport Auth.<\/span>\u00a0(1985) 39 Cal.3d 862, 868\u2013869 [218 Cal.Rptr. 293, 705 P.2d 866], internal citations and footnotes omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cHistorically, the application of the statute of limitations for trespass has been the same as for nuisance and has depended on whether the trespass has been continuing or permanent.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mangini v. Aerojet-General Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(1991) 230 Cal.App.3d 1125, 1148 [281 Cal.Rptr. 827].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[G]enerally the principles governing the permanent or continuing nature of a trespass or nuisance are the same and the cases discuss the two causes of action without distinction.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Starrh &amp; Starrh Cotton Growers, supra,<\/span>\u00a0153 Cal.App.4th at p. 594.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cGenerally, whether a trespass is continuing or permanent is a question of fact properly submitted to the jury. A trial court may remove the issue of fact from the jury by directed verdict only if there is no evidence tending to prove the case of the party opposing the motion.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Starrh &amp; Starrh Cotton Growers, supra,<\/span>\u00a0153 Cal.App.4th at p. 597, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he key question [in determining whether a trespass is continuous or permanent] is whether the trespass or nuisance can be discontinued or abated and there are a number of tests used to answer this question. A respected legal treatise summarizes the various tests as follows: \u2018[W]hether (1) the offense activity is currently continuing, which indicates that the nuisance is continuing, (2) the impact of the condition will vary over time, indicating a continuing nuisance, or (3) the nuisance can be abated at any time, in a reasonable manner and for reasonable cost, and is feasible by comparison of the benefits and detriments to be gained by abatement.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Starrh &amp; Starrh Cotton Growers, supra,<\/span>\u00a0153 Cal.App.4th at pp. 593\u2013594, citing 8 Miller &amp; Starr, Cal. Real Estate (3d ed. 2000) \u00a7\u200922.39, pp. 148\u2013149.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe jury\u2019s conclusion that it was unknown whether the soil contamination could be abated by reasonable means at a reasonable cost means that plaintiff had failed to prove her claims of continuing nuisance and trespass.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McCoy v. Gustafson<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 180 Cal.App.4th 56, 86 [103 Cal.Rptr.3d 37].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he \u2018continuing\u2019 nature of a nuisance \u2018refers to the continuing damage caused by the offensive condition, not to the acts causing the offensive condition to occur.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lyles, supra,<\/span>\u00a0153 Cal.App.4th at p. 291, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] cause of action for damage to real property accrues when the defendant\u2019s act causes \u2018<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">immediate and permanent<\/span>\u00a0injury\u2019 to the property or, to put it another way, when there is \u2018[a]ctual and appreciable harm\u2019 to the property.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Siegel v. Anderson Homes, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2004) 118 Cal.App.4th 994, 1005 [13 Cal.Rptr.3d 462], original italics, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cProperty damage cases \u2026 are different from medical malpractice cases in the sense that, when property is damaged, there is ordinarily some wrongful cause. Thus, when one\u2019s property is damaged, one should reasonably suspect that someone has done something wrong to him and, accordingly, be charged with knowledge of the information that would have been revealed by an investigation. That particular property damage could result from natural causes does not mean that the same property damage could result only from natural causes.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lyles, supra,<\/span>\u00a0153 Cal.App.4th at pp. 287\u2013288.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe traditional rule in tort cases is that the statute of limitations begins to run upon the\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">occurrence<\/span>\u00a0of the last fact essential to the cause of action. Although sometimes harsh, the fact that plaintiff is neither aware of his cause of action nor of the identity of a wrongdoer will not toll the statute. [\u00b6] The harshness of this rule has been ameliorated in some cases where it is manifestly unjust to deprive plaintiffs of a cause of action before they are aware that they have been injured. This modified rule has been applied to latent defects in real property and improvements. In the case of such latent defects the statute of limitations begins to run only when \u2018noticeable damage occurs.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Leaf v. City of San Mateo<\/span>\u00a0(1980) 104 Cal.App.3d 398, 406\u2013407 [163 Cal.Rptr. 711], internal citations omitted, disapproved on another ground in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Trope v. Katz<\/span>\u00a0(1995) 11 Cal.4th 274, 292 [45 Cal.Rptr.2d 241, 902 P.2d 259], original italics.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>2 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 17,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Nuisance and Trespass,<\/span>\u00a0\u00a7\u200917.09[5]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>Brown et al., California Practice Guide: Civil Procedure Before Trial, Ch. 6-C,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Pleadings<\/span>\u00a0\u00b6\u00b6\u20096:462\u20136:462.2 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>2 California Real Property Remedies and Damages, Ch. 11,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Remedies for Nuisance and Trespass<\/span>\u00a0(Cont.Ed.Bar 2d ed.) \u00a7\u00a7\u200911.38\u201311.40<\/div>\n<div>1\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 11,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Adjoining Landowners<\/span>, \u00a7\u200911.24\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>22\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 225,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Trespass<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009225.240\u2013225.245\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>16\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 167,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Nuisance<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009167.44\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-6tuz4x-1cf711275a5b378545d005ae903126c5 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5jzb9d-a502c63377da78983446ae33a7281622\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5jzb9d-a502c63377da78983446ae33a7281622 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5jzb9d-a502c63377da78983446ae33a7281622 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1137","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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