{"id":1148,"date":"2021-10-25T04:03:32","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T04:03:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1148"},"modified":"2022-05-05T16:01:46","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T16:01:46","slug":"caci-2102-presumed-measure-of-damages-for-conversion-civ-code-%c2%a7-3336","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-2102-presumed-measure-of-damages-for-conversion-civ-code-%c2%a7-3336\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 2102 Presumed Measure of Damages for Conversion (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093336)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku83us90-de51d3fbd4b1febfeaa8b2d2918a894e\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku83us90-de51d3fbd4b1febfeaa8b2d2918a894e{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku83us90-de51d3fbd4b1febfeaa8b2d2918a894e .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku83us90-de51d3fbd4b1febfeaa8b2d2918a894e .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku83us90-de51d3fbd4b1febfeaa8b2d2918a894e av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 2102 Presumed Measure of Damages for Conversion (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093336)<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku83vzcj-b1f27b952720eebe0bc73e8964469774\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku83vzcj-b1f27b952720eebe0bc73e8964469774 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku83vzcj-b1f27b952720eebe0bc73e8964469774 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">2102\u00a0Presumed Measure of Damages for Conversion (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093336)<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">If you decide that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] has proved [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] claim against [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], you also must decide how much money will reasonably compensate [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] for the harm. This compensation is called \u201cdamages.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove the amount of [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] damages. However, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] does not have to prove the exact amount of damages that will provide reasonable compensation for the harm. You must not speculate or guess in awarding damages.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The following are the specific items of damages claimed by [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[The fair market value of the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert item of personal property<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] at the time [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] wrongfully exercised control over it;]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">or<\/span>]<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[Special damages resulting from [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct;] [and]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Reasonable compensation for the time and money spent by [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] in attempting to recover the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert item of personal property<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]; [and]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[Emotional distress suffered by [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] as a result of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct.]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[In order to recover special damages, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">describe special circumstances that require a measure of damages other than value<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That it was reasonably foreseeable that special injury or harm would result from the conversion; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That reasonable care on [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s part would not have prevented the loss.]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[\u201cFair market value\u201d is the highest price that a willing buyer would have paid to a willing seller, assuming:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That there is no pressure on either one to buy or sell; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the buyer and seller know all the uses and purposes for which the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert item<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is reasonably capable of being used.] <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>The third element of listed damages, emotional distress, is bracketed because it appears that such damages are recoverable only if the second alternative measure of damages stated in the first paragraph of\u00a0Civil Code section 3336\u00a0applies. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Gonzales v. Pers. Storage<\/span>\u00a0(1997) 56 Cal.App.4th 464, 477 [65 Cal.Rptr.2d 473].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Damages for Wrongful Conversion.\u00a0Civil Code section 3336.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Conversion of Negotiable Instruments.\u00a0Commercial Code section 3420.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]e are of the opinion that section 3337 can only be held to apply to a situation where the property was voluntarily applied by the party guilty of conversion to the benefit of the injured party, and can have no application to a situation such as here where the application was compelled by a legal duty.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Goldberg v. List<\/span>\u00a0(1938) 11 Cal.2d 389, 393 [79 P.2d 1087].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAlthough the first part of section 3336 appears to provide for alternative measures of recovery, the first of the two measures, namely the value of the property converted at the time and place of conversion with interest from that time, is generally considered to be the appropriate measure of damages in a conversion action. The determination of damages under the alternative provision is resorted to only where the determination on the basis of value at the time of conversion would be manifestly unjust.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Myers v. Stephens<\/span>\u00a0(1965) 233 Cal.App.2d 104, 116 [43 Cal.Rptr. 420], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAs a general rule, the value of the converted property is the appropriate measure of damages, and resort to the alternative occurs only where a determination of damages on the basis of value would be manifestly unjust. Accordingly, a person claiming damages under the alternative provision must plead and prove special circumstances that require a measure of damages other than value, and the jury must determine whether it was reasonably foreseeable that special injury or damage would result from the conversion.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lueter v. State of California<\/span>\u00a0(2002) 94 Cal.App.4th 1285, 1302 [115 Cal.Rptr.2d 68], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe damage measures set forth in the first paragraph of section 3336 are in the alternative. The first alternative is to compensate for the value of the property at the time of conversion with interest from the time of the taking. The second alternative is compensation in a sum equal to the amount of loss legally caused by the conversion and which could have been avoided with a proper degree of prudence. Both of these alternatives are in addition to the damage element for the time spent pursuing the converted property set forth in the second paragraph of section 3336.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Moreno v. Greenwood Auto Center<\/span>\u00a0(2001) 91 Cal.App.4th 201, 209 [110 Cal.Rptr.2d 177], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cCivil Code section 3336\u00a0sets out the presumptive measure of damages in conversion, which is rebuttable, save and except when section 3337 applies. Under\u00a0Civil Code section 3337, a defendant cannot rebut the presumption by claiming that he applied the converted property to plaintiff\u2019s benefit when he took unlawful possession of the property from the beginning. Consequently, the effect of section 3337 is to prevent mitigation when property is stolen from the plaintiff and subsequently applied to his benefit. In this situation, the defendant will not be able to claim that his conversion benefited plaintiff; he will thereby be prevented from claiming an offset derived from his original wrong. In contrast to this situation, if the particular facts of a case indicate, as in the instant case, that the possession was lawful before the conversion occurred \u2026\u00a0Civil Code section 3337\u00a0is inapplicable, and a converter is not precluded from claiming mitigation of damages.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Dakota Gardens Apartment Investors \u201cB\u201d v. Pudwill<\/span>\u00a0(1977) 75 Cal.App.3d 346, 351\u2013352 [142 Cal.Rptr. 126].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]e conclude that notwithstanding further developments in the law of negligence, damages for emotional distress growing out of a defendant\u2019s conversion of personal property are recoverable.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Gonzales, supra,<\/span>\u00a056 Cal.App.4th at p. 477, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn the absence of special circumstances the appropriate measure of damages for conversion of personal property is the fair market value of that property plus interest from the date of conversion, the standard first listed in\u00a0section 3336, Civil Code. However, where proof establishes an injury beyond that which would be adequately compensated by the value of the property and interest, the court may award such amounts as will indemnify for all proximate reasonable loss caused by the wrongful act. Where damages for loss of use exceeds the legal rate of interest, it is appropriate to award the former, but not both.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lint<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">v. Chisholm<\/span>\u00a0(1981) 121 Cal.App.3d 615, 624\u2013625 [177 Cal.Rptr. 314], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018To entitle a party to such compensation the [evidence] should tend to show that money was properly paid out and time properly lost in pursuit of the property, and how much.\u2019 Such evidence should be definite and certain. Expenses \u2018incurred in preparation for litigation and not in pursuit of property\u2019 cannot be allowed as damages under\u00a0Civil Code section 3336. Additionally, any such compensation must be fair, i.e., reasonable.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Haines v. Parra<\/span>\u00a0(1987) 193 Cal.App.3d 1553, 1559 [239 Cal.Rptr. 178], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A]lthough good faith and mistake are not defenses to an action for conversion, the plaintiff\u2019s damages will be reduced if the defendant returns the property or the plaintiff otherwise recovers the property.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Krusi v. Bear, Stearns &amp; Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1983) 144 Cal.App.3d 664, 673 [192 Cal.Rptr. 793], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cCauses of action for conversion and trespass support an award for exemplary damages.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Krieger v. Pacific Gas &amp; Electric Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1981) 119 Cal.App.3d 137, 148 [173 Cal.Rptr. 751], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cOrdinarily \u2018value of the property\u2019 at the time of the conversion is determined by its market value at the time. However, \u2018[w]here certain property has a peculiar value to a person recovering damages for deprivation thereof, or injury thereto, that may be deemed to be its value \u2026 against a willful wrongdoer.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">In re Brian S.<\/span>\u00a0(1982) 130 Cal.App.3d 523, 530 [181 Cal.Rptr. 778], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn an action for damages for conversion, it is the rule that the plaintiff, although owning but a limited or qualified interest in the property, may, as against a stranger who has no ownership therein, recover the full value of the property converted.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Camp v. Ortega<\/span>\u00a0(1962) 209 Cal.App.2d 275, 286 [25 Cal.Rptr. 873], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA plaintiff seeking recovery under the alternative provision of the statute must therefore plead and prove the existence of \u2018special circumstances which require a different measure of damages to be applied.\u2019 Having done so, the trier of fact must then determine \u2018whether it was reasonably forseeable to a prudent person, having regard for the accompanying circumstances, that injury or damage would likely result from his wrongful act.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Krueger v. Bank of America<\/span>\u00a0(1983) 145 Cal.App.3d 204, 215 [193 Cal.Rptr. 322], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cDefendants contend that the anticipated loss of profits is not \u2018the natural, reasonable and proximate result of the wrongful act complained of,\u2019 within the meaning of section 3336. Although no California case which has applied the alternative measure of damages in a conversion case has specifically defined this language, we are satisfied that its meaning is synonymous with the term \u2018proximate cause\u2019 or \u2018legal cause.\u2019 These terms mean, in essence, \u2018that there be some reasonable connection between the act or omission of the defendant and the damage which the plaintiff has suffered.\u2019 In determining whether this connection exists, the question is whether it was reasonably foreseeable to a prudent person, having regard for the accompanying circumstances, that injury or damage would likely result from his wrongful act. This question being one of fact to be determined generally by the trier of fact.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Myers, supra,<\/span>\u00a0233 Cal.App.2d at pp. 119\u2013120, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn exceptional circumstances, to avoid injustice, loss of profits may be the measure.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Newhart v. Pierce<\/span>\u00a0(1967) 254 Cal.App.2d 783, 794 [62 Cal.Rptr. 553], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Code of Civil Procedure section 1263.320(a)\u00a0provides: \u201cThe fair market value of the property taken is the highest price on the date of valuation that would be agreed to by a seller, being willing to sell but under no particular or urgent necessity for so doing, nor obliged to sell, and a buyer, being ready, willing, and able to buy but under no particular necessity for so doing, each dealing with the other with full knowledge of all the uses and purposes for which the property is reasonably adaptable and available.\u201d <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u20091906<\/div>\n<div>4 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 50,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Damages<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u200950.01\u201350.03\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>13\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 150,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Conversion<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009150.10,\u00a0150.40\u2013150.41\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>5\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 51,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Conversion<\/span>\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-tgzbw-0882e47a00a1017f8c4ba04e48d61d0a hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6gmid8-a19782848392fa25c0b6ae8a64d82940\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-6gmid8-a19782848392fa25c0b6ae8a64d82940 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-6gmid8-a19782848392fa25c0b6ae8a64d82940 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1148","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 2102 Presumed Measure of Damages for Conversion (Civ. 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