{"id":1149,"date":"2021-10-25T04:03:32","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T04:03:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1149"},"modified":"2022-05-05T16:00:40","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T16:00:40","slug":"caci-2101-trespass-to-chattels-essential-factual-elements","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-2101-trespass-to-chattels-essential-factual-elements\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 2101 Trespass to Chattels\u2014Essential Factual Elements"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku83t0zc-8f492efa3da1b079a4841e836a4783dd\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku83t0zc-8f492efa3da1b079a4841e836a4783dd{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku83t0zc-8f492efa3da1b079a4841e836a4783dd .av-special-heading-tag 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku83uejb-ba466efbde3d28b3bd4e5cf843cb7fe8\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku83uejb-ba466efbde3d28b3bd4e5cf843cb7fe8 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku83uejb-ba466efbde3d28b3bd4e5cf843cb7fe8 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">2101\u00a0Trespass to Chattels\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] wrongfully trespassed on [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] personal property. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [owned\/possessed\/had a right to possess] a [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert item of personal property<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] intentionally [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert one or more of the following:<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[interfered with [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s use or possession of the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert item of personal property<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];]<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">or<\/span>]<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[damaged the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert item of personal property<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] did not consent;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cTrespass to chattel, although seldom employed as a tort theory in California \u2026\u2009, lies where an intentional interference with the possession of personal property has proximately caused injury. Prosser notes trespass to chattel has evolved considerably from its original common law application\u2014concerning the asportation of another\u2019s tangible property\u2014to include even the unauthorized use of personal property: \u2018Its chief importance now,\u2019 according to Prosser, \u2018is that there may be recovery \u2026 for interferences with the possession of chattels which are not sufficiently important to be classed as conversion, and so to compel the defendant to pay the full value of the thing with which he has interfered. Trespass to chattels survives today, in other words, largely as a little brother of conversion.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Thrifty-Tel, Inc. v. Bezenek<\/span>\u00a0(1996) 46 Cal.App.4th 1559, 1566\u20131567 [54 Cal.Rptr.2d 468], footnotes and internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhere the conduct complained of does not amount to a substantial interference with possession or the right thereto, but consists of intermeddling with or use of or damages to the personal property, the owner has a cause of action for trespass or case, and may recover only the actual damages suffered by reason of the impairment of the property or the loss of its use.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Zaslow v. Kroenert<\/span>\u00a0(1946) 29 Cal.2d 541, 551 [176 P.2d 1], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018Though not amounting to conversion, the defendant\u2019s interference must, to be actionable, have caused some injury to the chattel or to the plaintiff\u2019s rights in it. Under California law, trespass to chattels \u201clies where an intentional interference with the possession of personal property\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">has proximately caused injury<\/span>.\u201d In cases of interference with possession of personal property not amounting to conversion, \u201cthe owner has a cause of action for trespass or case, and\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">may recover only the actual damages suffered by reason of the impairment of the property or the loss of its use.<\/span>\u201d \u2026\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jamgotchian v. Slender<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 170 Cal.App.4th 1384, 1400\u20131401 [89 Cal.Rptr.3d 122], original italics, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt is well settled that a person having neither the possession nor the right to the possession of personal chattels, cannot maintain trespass or trover for an injury done to the property.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Triscony v. Orr<\/span>\u00a0(1875) 49 Cal. 612, 617, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn order to prevail on a claim for trespass based on accessing a computer system, the plaintiff must establish: (1) defendant intentionally and without authorization interfered with plaintiff\u2019s possessory interest in the computer system; and (2) defendant\u2019s unauthorized use proximately resulted in damage to plaintiff.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">eBay, Inc. v. Bidder\u2019s Edge<\/span>\u00a0(N.D. Cal. 2000) 100 F.Supp.2d 1058, 1069\u20131070, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]e uphold both the economic and emotional distress damages plaintiffs recovered for trespass to personal property arising from [defendant]\u2019s act of intentionally striking [plaintiff\u2019s dog] with a bat.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Plotnik v. Meihaus<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 208 Cal.App.4th 1590, 1608 [146 Cal.Rptr.3d 585].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Restatement Second of Torts, section 218, provides:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>One who commits a trespass to a chattel is subject to liability to the possessor of the chattel if, but only if,<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">(a)<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">he dispossesses the other of the chattel, or<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">(b)<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">the chattel is impaired as to its condition, quality, or value, or<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">(c)<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">the possessor is deprived of the use of the chattel for a substantial time, or<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">(d)<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">bodily harm is caused to the possessor, or harm is caused to some person or thing in which the possessor has a legally protected interest.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Restatement Second of Torts, section 222, comment (a), states: \u201cNormally any dispossession is so clearly a serious interference with the right of control that it amounts to a conversion; and it is frequently said that any dispossession is a conversion. There may, however, be minor and unimportant dispossessions, such as taking another man\u2019s hat by mistake and returning it within two minutes upon discovery of the mistake, which do not seriously interfere with the other\u2019s right of control, and so do not amount to conversion. In such a case the remedy of the action of trespass remains, and will allow recovery of damages for the interference with the possession.\u201d <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>Ahart, California Practice Guide: Enforcing Judgments &amp; Debts, Ch. 2-C,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Tort Liability<\/span>, \u00b6\u20092:427.4 et seq. (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>1 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 16,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Landlord-Tenant Tort Liabilities<\/span>, \u00a7\u200916.07\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>48\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 550,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Trespass<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009550.13\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>22\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 225,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Trespass<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009225.262\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-qgqq5-30b254d70cb4155cc3a851d717b6581f hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5m3twd-a8b0fda9921f5eab627d16834b3d43b9\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5m3twd-a8b0fda9921f5eab627d16834b3d43b9 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5m3twd-a8b0fda9921f5eab627d16834b3d43b9 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1149","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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