{"id":1171,"date":"2021-10-25T04:03:32","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T04:03:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1171"},"modified":"2022-05-05T16:03:26","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T16:03:26","slug":"caci-2200-inducing-breach-of-contract","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-2200-inducing-breach-of-contract\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 2200 Inducing Breach of Contract"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku8441y5-8c3cfc96b7772128403b72d487c55374\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ku8441y5-8c3cfc96b7772128403b72d487c55374{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ku8441y5-8c3cfc96b7772128403b72d487c55374 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ku8441y5-8c3cfc96b7772128403b72d487c55374 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ku8441y5-8c3cfc96b7772128403b72d487c55374 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 2200 Inducing Breach of Contract<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 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data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ku8458ot-5b8a90685dba762b8c0e352deff7f9fd\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ku8458ot-5b8a90685dba762b8c0e352deff7f9fd .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ku8458ot-5b8a90685dba762b8c0e352deff7f9fd '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">2200\u00a0Inducing Breach of Contract<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] intentionally caused [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of third party<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] to breach [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] contract with [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That there was a contract between [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] and [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of third party<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] knew of the contract;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] intended to cause [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of third party<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] to breach the contract;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct caused [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of third party<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] to breach the contract;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">6.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>If the validity of a contract is an issue, see the series of contracts instructions (CACI No.\u2002300\u00a0et seq.). <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[C]ases have pointed out that while the tort of inducing breach of contract requires proof of a breach, the cause of action for interference with contractual relations is distinct and requires only proof of interference.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Pacific Gas &amp; Electric Co. v. Bear Stearns &amp; Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1990) 50 Cal.3d 1118, 1129 [270 Cal.Rptr. 1, 791 P.2d 587], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe elements which a plaintiff must plead to state the cause of action for intentional interference with contractual relations are (1) a valid contract between plaintiff and a third party; (2) defendant\u2019s knowledge of this contract; (3) defendant\u2019s intentional acts designed to induce a breach or disruption of the contractual relationship; (4) actual breach or disruption of the contractual relationship; and (5) resulting damage.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Pacific Gas &amp; Electric Co.<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 50 Cal.3d at p. 1126, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] cause of action for intentional interference with contract requires an underlying enforceable contract. Where there is no existing, enforceable contract, only a claim for interference with prospective advantage may be pleaded.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">PMC, Inc. v. Saban Entertainment, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1996) 45 Cal.App.4th 579, 601 [52 Cal.Rptr.2d 877].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe act of inducing the breach must be an intentional one. If the actor had no knowledge of the existence of the contract or his actions were not intended to induce a breach, he cannot be held liable though an actual breach results from his lawful and proper acts.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Imperial Ice Co. v. Rossier<\/span>\u00a0(1941) 18 Cal.2d 33, 37 [112 P.2d 631], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018To recover damages for inducing a breach of contract, the plaintiff need not establish that the defendant had full knowledge of the contract\u2019s terms. Comment i to\u00a0Restatement Second of Torts, section 766,\u2009\u2026 states: \u201cTo be subject to liability [for inducing a breach of contract], the actor must have knowledge of the contract with which he is interfering and of the fact that he is interfering with the performance of the contract.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jenni Rivera Enterprises, LLC v. Latin World Entertainment Holdings, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2019) 36 Cal.App.5th 766, 783 [249 Cal.Rptr.3d 122].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt is not enough that the actor intended to perform the acts which caused the result\u2014he or she must have intended to cause the result itself.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Kasparian v. County of Los Angeles<\/span>\u00a0(1995) 38 Cal.App.4th 242, 261 [45 Cal.Rptr.2d 90].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe question is whether a plaintiff must plead and prove that the defendant engaged in wrongful acts\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">with the specific intent<\/span>\u00a0of interfering with the plaintiff\u2019s business expectancy. We conclude that specific intent is not a required element of the tort of interference with prospective economic advantage. While a plaintiff may satisfy the intent requirement by pleading specific intent, i.e., that the defendant desired to interfere with the plaintiff\u2019s prospective economic advantage, a plaintiff may alternately plead that the defendant knew that the interference was certain or substantially certain to occur as a result of its action.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Korea Supply Co. v. Lockheed Martin Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(2003) 29 Cal.4th 1134, 1154 [131 Cal.Rptr.2d 29, 63 P.3d 937], original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe actionable wrong lies in the inducement to break the contract or to sever the relationship, not in the kind of contract or relationship so disrupted, whether it is written or oral, enforceable or not enforceable.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Pacific Gas &amp; Electric Co.<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 50 Cal.3d at p. 1127.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[I]t may be actionable to induce a party to a contract to terminate the contract according to its terms.\u2019\u2026\u2018[I]t is the contractual relationship, not any term of the contract, which is protected against outside interference.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">I-CA Enterprises, Inc. v. Palram Americas, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2015) 235 Cal.App.4th 257, 289 [185 Cal.Rptr.3d 24], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he tort cause of action for interference with a contract does not lie against a party to the contract. [Citations.] [\u00b6] \u2026 The tort duty not to interfere with the contract falls only on strangers-interlopers who have no legitimate interest in the scope or course of the contract\u2019s performance.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Applied Equipment Corp. v. Litton Saudi Arabia Ltd.<\/span>\u00a0(1994) 7 Cal.4th 503, 514 [28 Cal.Rptr.2d 475, 869 P.2d 454], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]nterference with an at-will contract is actionable interference with the contractual relationship, on the theory that a contract \u2018at the will of the parties, respectively, does not make it one at the will of others. [Citations]\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Pacific Gas &amp; Electric Co., supra,<\/span>\u00a050 Cal.3d at p. 1127, internal citations and quotations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cBecause interference with an existing contract receives greater solicitude than does interference with prospective economic advantage, it is not necessary that the defendant\u2019s conduct be wrongful apart from the interference with the contract itself.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Quelimane Co. v. Stewart Title Guaranty Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1998) 19 Cal.4th 26, 55 [77 Cal.Rptr.2d 709, 960 P.2d 513], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[A] person is not justified in inducing a breach of contract simply because he is in competition with one of the parties to the contract and seeks to further his own economic advantage at the expense of the other. [Citations.]\u2019 This is because, \u2018[w]hatever interest society has in encouraging free and open competition by means not in themselves unlawful, contractual stability is generally accepted as of greater importance than competitive freedom.\u2019 A party may not, \u2018under the guise of competition actively and affirmatively induce the breach of a competitor\u2019s contract.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">I-CA Enterprises, Inc., supra,<\/span>\u00a0235 Cal.App.4th at p. 290, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe conclude that a plaintiff seeking to state a claim for intentional interference with contract or prospective economic advantage because defendant induced another to undertake litigation, must allege that the litigation was brought without probable cause and that the litigation concluded in plaintiff\u2019s favor.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Pacific Gas &amp; Electric Co., supra,<\/span>\u00a050 Cal.3d at p. 1137.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>5 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009842\u2013853<\/div>\n<div>3 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 40,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fraud and Deceit and Other Business Torts<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u200940.110\u201340.117\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>49\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 565,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Unfair Competition<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009565.132 et seq. (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>12\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 122,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Interference<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009122.20 et seq. 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