{"id":1195,"date":"2021-10-25T03:50:34","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:50:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1195"},"modified":"2022-05-05T16:29:01","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T16:29:01","slug":"caci-2306-covered-and-excluded-risks-predominant-cause-of-loss","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-2306-covered-and-excluded-risks-predominant-cause-of-loss\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 2306 Covered and Excluded Risks\u2014Predominant Cause of Loss"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kum6x9yz-24bd3312faf74bae5d9f3d0877c32d5a\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kum6x9yz-24bd3312faf74bae5d9f3d0877c32d5a{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kum6x9yz-24bd3312faf74bae5d9f3d0877c32d5a .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kum6x9yz-24bd3312faf74bae5d9f3d0877c32d5a .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kum6x9yz-24bd3312faf74bae5d9f3d0877c32d5a av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 2306 Covered and Excluded Risks\u2014Predominant Cause of Loss<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kum6yx0e-f208c632ecbe58e41cfc44d87b8ffb1e\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kum6yx0e-f208c632ecbe58e41cfc44d87b8ffb1e .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kum6yx0e-f208c632ecbe58e41cfc44d87b8ffb1e '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">2306\u00a0Covered and Excluded Risks\u2014Predominant Cause of Loss<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">You have heard evidence that the claimed loss was caused by a combination of covered and excluded risks under the insurance policy. When a loss is caused by a combination of covered and excluded risks under the policy, the loss is covered only if the most important or predominant cause is a covered risk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s loss is not covered because the loss was caused by a risk excluded under the policy. To succeed, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove that the most important or predominant cause of the loss was [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">describe excluded peril or event<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], which is a risk excluded under the policy.]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">[or]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that the loss was caused by a risk covered under the policy. To succeed, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove that the most important or predominant cause of the loss was [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">describe covered peril or event<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], which is a risk covered under the policy.] <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>The instructions in this series assume the plaintiff is the insured and the defendant is the insurer. The party designations may be changed if appropriate to the facts of the case.<\/p>\n<p>This instruction in intended for use in first party property insurance cases where there is evidence that a loss was caused by both covered and excluded perils. In most cases the court will determine as a question of law what perils are covered and excluded under the policy.<\/p>\n<p>Depending on the type of insurance at issue, the court must select the bracketed paragraph that presents the correct burden of proof. For all-risk homeowner\u2019s policies, for example, once the insured establishes basic coverage, the insurer bears the burden of proving the loss was caused by an excluded peril. In contrast, for \u201cnamed perils\u201d policies (for example, fire insurance) the insured bears the burden of proving the loss was caused by the specified peril. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Strubble v. United Services Automobile Assn.<\/span>\u00a0(1973) 35 Cal.App.3d 498, 504 [110 Cal.Rptr. 828].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Remote Cause of Loss.\u00a0Insurance Code section 530.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Excluded Peril: But-For Causation.\u00a0Insurance Code section 532.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[In] determining whether a loss is within an exception in a policy, where there is a concurrence of different causes, the efficient cause\u2014the one that sets others in motion\u2014is the cause to which the loss is to be attributed, though the other causes may follow it, and operate more immediately in producing the disaster.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Sabella v. Wisler<\/span>\u00a0(1963) 59 Cal.2d 21, 31\u201332 [27 Cal.Rptr. 689, 377 P.2d 889], internal quotation marks and citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Sabella<\/span>\u00a0defined \u2018efficient proximate cause\u2019 alternatively as the \u2018one that sets others in motion,\u2019 and as \u2018the predominating or moving efficient cause.\u2019 We use the term \u2018efficient proximate cause\u2019 (meaning predominating cause) when referring to the\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Sabella<\/span>\u00a0analysis because we believe the phrase \u2018moving cause\u2019 can be misconstrued to deny coverage erroneously, particularly when it is understood literally to mean the \u2018triggering\u2019 cause.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Garvey v. State Farm Fire &amp; Casualty Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1989) 48 Cal.3d 395, 403 [257 Cal.Rptr. 292, 770 P.2d 704], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe efficient proximate cause referred to in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Sabella<\/span>\u00a0has also been called the predominant cause or the most important cause of the loss. \u2018By focusing the causal inquiry on the most important cause of a loss, the efficient proximate cause doctrine creates a \u201cworkable rule of coverage that provides a fair result within the reasonable expectations of both the insured and the insurer.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vardanyan v. AMCO Ins. Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2015) 243 Cal.App.4th 779, 787 [197 Cal.Rptr.3d 195], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he \u2018cause\u2019 of loss in the context of a property insurance contract is totally different from that in a liability policy. This distinction is critical to the resolution of losses involving multiple causes. Frequently property losses occur which involve more than one peril that might be considered legally significant.\u2009\u2026 \u2018The task becomes one of identifying the most important cause of the loss and attributing the loss to that cause.\u2019 [\u00b6] On the other hand, the right to coverage in the third party liability insurance context draws on traditional tort concepts of fault, proximate cause and duty.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Garvey, supra,<\/span>\u00a048 Cal.3d at pp. 406\u2013407, internal quotation marks, italics, and citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]n an action upon an all-risks policy (unlike a specific peril policy), the insured does not have to prove that the peril proximately causing his loss was covered by the policy. This is because the policy covers\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">all<\/span>\u00a0risks save for those risks specifically excluded by the policy. The insurer, though, since it is denying liability upon the policy, must prove the policy\u2019s noncoverage of the insured\u2019s loss\u2014that is, that the insured\u2019s loss was proximately caused by a peril specifically excluded from the coverage of the policy.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vardanyan, supra,<\/span>\u00a0243 Cal.App.4th at pp. 796\u2212797, original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA policy cannot extend coverage for a specified peril, then exclude coverage for a loss caused by a combination of the covered peril and an excluded peril, without regard to whether the covered peril was the predominant or efficient proximate cause of the loss. Other Coverage 9 identifies the perils that are covered when the loss involves collapse. If any other peril contributes to the loss, whether the loss is covered or excluded depends upon which peril is the predominant cause of the loss. To the extent the term \u2018caused only by one or more\u2019 of the listed perils can be construed to mean the contribution of any unlisted peril, in any way and to any degree, would result in the loss being excluded from coverage, the provision is an unenforceable attempt to contract around the efficient proximate cause doctrine. \u00b6\u2009Accordingly,\u00a0CACI No. 2306\u00a0\u2026 was the correct instruction to give to the jury.\u201d\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vardanyan, supra,<\/span>\u00a0243 Cal.App.4th at p. 796.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he scope of coverage under an all-risk homeowner\u2019s policy includes all risks except those specifically excluded by the policy. When a loss is caused by a combination of a covered and specifically excluded risks, the loss is covered if the covered risk was the efficient proximate cause of the loss.\u2009\u2026 [T]he question of what caused the loss is generally a question of fact, and the loss is not covered if the covered risk was only a remote cause of the loss, or the excluded risk was the efficient proximate, or predominate, cause.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">State Farm Fire &amp; Casualty Co. v. Von Der Lieth<\/span>\u00a0(1991) 54 Cal.3d 1123, 1131\u20131132 [2 Cal.Rptr.2d 183, 820 P.2d 285], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A]n insurer is not absolutely prohibited from drafting and enforcing policy provisions that provide or leave intact coverage for some, but not all, manifestations of a particular peril. This is, in fact, an everyday practice that normally raises no questions regarding section 530 or the efficient proximate cause doctrine.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Julian v. Hartford Underwriters Ins. Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2005) 35 Cal.4th 747, 759 [27 Cal.Rptr.3d 648, 110 P.3d 903].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>Croskey et al., California Practice Guide: Insurance Litigation, Ch. 6A-E,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">First Party Coverages\u2014Causation Principles,<\/span>\u00a0\u00b6\u00b6\u20096:134\u20136:143, 6:253 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>1 California Liability Insurance Practice: Claims &amp; Litigation (Cont.Ed.Bar) Analyzing Coverage: Reading and Interpreting Insurance Policies, \u00a7\u20093.42<\/div>\n<div>3 California Insurance Law &amp; Practice, Ch. 9,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Homeowners and Related Policies<\/span>, \u00a7\u200936.42 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>26\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 308,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Insurance<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009308.113\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>12\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 120,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Insurance<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009120.50\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-728z3f-d6f7dca092efb264157776d258c00fae hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5pbcvv-fbb160dc2f70eaeb617e160e45ce29c3\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5pbcvv-fbb160dc2f70eaeb617e160e45ce29c3 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5pbcvv-fbb160dc2f70eaeb617e160e45ce29c3 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1195","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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