{"id":1207,"date":"2021-10-25T03:50:34","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:50:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1207"},"modified":"2022-05-05T16:34:47","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T16:34:47","slug":"caci-2331-breach-of-the-implied-obligation-of-good-faith-and-fair-dealing-failure-or-delay-in-payment-first-party-essential-factual-elements","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-2331-breach-of-the-implied-obligation-of-good-faith-and-fair-dealing-failure-or-delay-in-payment-first-party-essential-factual-elements\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 2331 Breach of the Implied Obligation of Good Faith and Fair Dealing\u2014Failure or Delay in Payment (First Party)\u2014Essential Factual Elements"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kum7zvfc-05100bf9b0b760adcf2ded893c19da7d\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kum7zvfc-05100bf9b0b760adcf2ded893c19da7d{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kum7zvfc-05100bf9b0b760adcf2ded893c19da7d .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kum7zvfc-05100bf9b0b760adcf2ded893c19da7d .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kum7zvfc-05100bf9b0b760adcf2ded893c19da7d av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 2331 Breach of the Implied Obligation of Good Faith and Fair Dealing\u2014Failure or Delay in Payment (First Party)\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kum81cww-2d58d8135b90d8c7e964399cf820603a\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kum81cww-2d58d8135b90d8c7e964399cf820603a .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kum81cww-2d58d8135b90d8c7e964399cf820603a '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">2331\u00a0Breach of the Implied Obligation of Good Faith and Fair Dealing\u2014Failure or Delay in Payment (First Party)\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] breached the obligation of good faith and fair dealing by [failing to pay\/delaying payment of] benefits due under the insurance policy. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] suffered a loss covered under an insurance policy with [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was notified of the loss;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], unreasonably [failed to pay\/delayed payment of] policy benefits;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s [failure to pay\/delay in payment of] policy benefits was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">To act or fail to act \u201cunreasonably\u201d means that the insurer had no proper cause for its conduct. In determining whether [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] acted unreasonably, you should consider only the information that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] knew or reasonably should have known at the time when it [failed to pay\/delayed payment of] policy benefits. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised December 2007, April 2008, December 2009, December 2015 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>The instructions in this series assume that the plaintiff is the insured and the defendant is the insurer. The party designations may be changed if appropriate to the facts of the case.<\/p>\n<p>If there is a genuine issue as to the insurer\u2019s liability under the policy for the claim asserted by the insured, there can be no bad-faith liability imposed on the insurer for advancing its side of that dispute. This is known as the \u201cgenuine dispute\u201d doctrine. The genuine-dispute doctrine is subsumed within the test of reasonableness or proper cause (element 3). No specific instruction on the doctrine need be given. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McCoy v. Progressive West Ins. Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 171 Cal.App.4th 785, 792\u2013794 [90 Cal.Rptr.3d 74].)<\/p>\n<p>For instructions regarding general breach of contract issues, refer to the Contracts series (CACI No. 300\u00a0et seq.). <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">If an insurer \u201cfails to deal\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">fairly and in good faith<\/span>\u00a0with its insured by refusing, without proper cause, to compensate its insured for a loss covered by the policy, such conduct may give rise to a cause of action in tort for breach of an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing.\u2009\u2026 [\u00b6] \u2026 [W]hen the insurer unreasonably and in bad faith withholds payment of the claim of its insured, it is subject to liability in tort.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Gruenberg v. Aetna Insurance Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1973) 9 Cal.3d 566, 574\u2013575 [108 Cal.Rptr. 480, 510 P.2d 1032], original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAn insurer\u2019s obligations under the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing with respect to first party coverage include a duty not to unreasonably withhold benefits due under the policy. An insurer that unreasonably delays, or fails to pay, benefits due under the policy may be held liable in tort for breach of the implied covenant. The withholding of benefits due under the policy may constitute a breach of contract even if the conduct was reasonable, but liability in tort arises only if the conduct was unreasonable, that is, without proper cause. In a first party case, as we have here, the withholding of benefits due under the policy is not unreasonable if there was a genuine dispute between the insurer and the insured as to coverage or the amount of payment due.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Rappaport-Scott v. Interinsurance Exch. of the Auto. Club<\/span>\u00a0(2007) 146 Cal.App.4th 831, 837 [53 Cal.Rptr.3d 245], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]here are at least two separate requirements to establish breach of the implied covenant: (1) benefits due under the policy must have been withheld; and (2) the reason for withholding benefits must have been unreasonable or without proper cause.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Love v. Fire Insurance Exchange<\/span>\u00a0(1990) 221 Cal.App.3d 1136, 1151 [271 Cal.Rptr. 246], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe standard of good faith and fairness examines the reasonableness of the insurer\u2019s conduct, and mere errors by an insurer in discharging its obligations to its insured \u2018\u2009\u201cdoes not necessarily make the insurer liable in tort for violating the covenant of good faith and fair dealing; to be liable in tort, the insurer\u2019s conduct must also have been\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">unreasonable<\/span>. [Citations.]\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Graciano v. Mercury General Corp<\/span>. (2014) 231 Cal.App.4th 414, 425 [179 Cal.Rptr.3d 717], original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018Although an insurer\u2019s bad faith is ordinarily a question of fact to be determined by a jury by considering the evidence of motive, intent and state of mind, \u201c[t]he question becomes one of law \u2026 when, because there are no conflicting inferences, reasonable minds could not differ.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Pulte Home Corp. v. American Safety Indemnity Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 14 Cal.App.5th 1086, 1119 [223 Cal.Rptr.3d 47].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cGenerally, the reasonableness of an insurer\u2019s conduct \u2018must be evaluated in light of the totality of the circumstances surrounding its actions.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Paslay v. State Farm General Ins. Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2016) 248 Cal.App.4th 639, 654 [203 Cal.Rptr.3d 785].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he adequacy of the insurer\u2019s claims handling is properly assessed in light of conduct by the insured delaying resolution of a claim.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Case v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins. Co., Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 30 Cal.App.5th 397, 413 [241 Cal.Rptr.3d 458].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[A]n insurer denying or delaying the payment of policy benefits due to the existence of a genuine dispute with its insured as to the existence of coverage liability or the amount of the insured\u2019s coverage claim is not liable in bad faith[,] even though it might be liable for breach of contract.\u2019 That is because \u2018whe[n] there is a genuine issue as to the insurer\u2019s liability under the policy for the claim asserted by the insured, there can be no bad faith liability imposed on the insurer for advancing its side of that dispute.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Case, supra<\/span>, 30 Cal.App.5th at p. 402, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe genuine dispute rule does not relieve an insurer from its obligation to thoroughly and fairly investigate, process and evaluate the insured\u2019s claim. A\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">genuine<\/span>\u00a0dispute exists only where the insurer\u2019s position is maintained in good faith and on reasonable grounds.\u2009\u2026 \u2018The genuine issue rule in the context of bad faith claims allows a [trial] court to grant summary judgment when it is undisputed or indisputable that the basis for the insurer\u2019s denial of benefits was reasonable\u2014for example, where even under the plaintiff\u2019s version of the facts there is a genuine issue as to the insurer\u2019s liability under California law.\u2009\u2026 On the other hand, an insurer is not entitled to judgment as a matter of law where, viewing the facts in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, a jury could conclude that the insurer acted unreasonably.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wilson v. 21st\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Century Ins. Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2007) 42 Cal.4th 713, 724 [68 Cal.Rptr.3d 746, 171 P.3d 1082], original italics, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he reasonableness of the insurer\u2019s decisions and actions must be evaluated as of the time that they were made; the evaluation cannot fairly be made in the light of subsequent events that may provide evidence of the insurer\u2019s errors. [Citation.]\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Zubillaga v. Allstate Indemnity Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 12 Cal.App.5th 1017, 1028 [219 Cal.Rptr.3d 620].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]f the insurer denies benefits unreasonably (i.e., without any reasonable basis for such denial), it may be exposed to the full array of tort remedies, including possible punitive damages.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jordan v. Allstate Ins. Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2007) 148 Cal.App.4th 1062, 1073 [56 Cal.Rptr.3d 312].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhile many, if not most, of the cases finding a genuine dispute over an insurer\u2019s coverage liability have involved\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">legal<\/span>\u00a0rather than\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">factual<\/span>\u00a0disputes, we see no reason why the genuine dispute doctrine should be limited to legal issues. That does not mean, however, that the genuine dispute doctrine may properly be applied in every case involving purely a factual dispute between an insurer and its insured. This is an issue which should be decided on a case-by-case basis.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Chateau Chamberay Homeowners Assn., supra<\/span>, 90 Cal.App.4th at p. 348, original italics, footnote and internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]f the conduct of [the insurer] in defending this case was objectively reasonable, its subjective intent is irrelevant.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bosetti v. United States Life Ins. Co. in the City of New York<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 175 Cal.App.4th 1208, 1236 [96 Cal.Rptr.3d 744]; cf.\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Carma Developers (Cal.), Inc. v. Marathon Development California, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1992) 2 Cal.4th 342, 372 [6 Cal.Rptr.2d 467, 826 P.2d 710]\u00a0[\u201c[I]t has been suggested the covenant has both a subjective and objective aspect<span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\u2014<\/span>subjective good faith and objective fair dealing. A party violates the covenant if it subjectively lacks belief in the validity of its act or if its conduct is objectively unreasonable.\u201d].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]hile an insurer\u2019s subjective bad intentions are not a sufficient basis on which to establish a bad faith cause of action, an insurer\u2019s subjective mental state may nonetheless be a circumstance to be considered in the evaluation of the\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">objective<\/span>\u00a0reasonableness of the insurer\u2019s actions.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bosetti, supra<\/span>, 175 Cal.App.4th at p. 1239, original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A]n insured cannot maintain a claim for tortious breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing absent a covered loss. If the insurer\u2019s investigation\u2014adequate or not\u2014results in a correct conclusion of no coverage, no tort liability arises for breach of the implied convenant.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Benavides v. State Farm General Ins. Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2006) 136 Cal.App.4th 1241, 1250 [39 Cal.Rptr.3d 650], internal citations omitted; cf.\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Brehm v. 21st\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Century Ins. Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2008) 166 Cal.App.4th 1225, 1236 [83 Cal.Rptr.3d 410]\u00a0[\u201c[B]reach of a specific provision of the contract is not a necessary prerequisite to a claim for breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing.\u2009\u2026 [E]ven an insurer that pays the full limits of its policy may be liable for breach of the implied covenant, if improper claims handling causes detriment to the insured\u201d].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[D]enial of a claim on a basis unfounded in the facts known to the insurer, or contradicted by those facts, may be deemed unreasonable. \u201cA trier of fact may find that an insurer acted unreasonably if the insurer ignores evidence available to it which supports the claim. The insurer may not just focus on those facts which justify denial of the claim.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Maslo v. Ameriprise Auto &amp; Home Ins.<\/span>\u00a0(2014) 227 Cal.App.4th 626, 634 [173 Cal.Rptr.3d 854].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe conclude \u2026 that the duty of good faith and fair dealing on the part of defendant insurance companies is an absolute one.\u2009\u2026 [T]he nonperformance by one party of its contractual duties cannot excuse a breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing by the other party while the contract between them is in effect and not rescinded.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Gruenberg, supra<\/span>, 9 Cal.3d at p. 578.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThus, an insurer may be liable for bad faith in failing to attempt to effectuate a prompt and fair settlement (1) where it unreasonably demands arbitration, or (2) where it commits other wrongful conduct, such as failing to investigate a claim. An insurer\u2019s statutory duty to attempt to effectuate a prompt and fair settlement is not abrogated simply because the insured\u2019s damages do not plainly exceed the policy limits. Nor is the insurer\u2019s duty to investigate a claim excused by the arbitrator\u2019s finding that the amount of damages was lower than the insured\u2019s initial demand. Even where the amount of damages is lower than the policy limits, an insurer may act unreasonably by failing to pay damages that are certain and demanding arbitration on those damages.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Maslo, supra<\/span>, 227 Cal.App.4th at pp. 638\u2013639\u00a0[uninsured motorist coverage case].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he insurer\u2019s duty to process claims fairly and in good faith [is] a nondelegable duty.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hughes v. Blue Cross of Northern California<\/span>\u00a0(1989) 215 Cal.App.3d 832, 848 [263 Cal.Rptr. 850].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]n [a bad-faith action] \u2018damages for emotional distress are compensable as\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">incidental damages flowing from the initial breach<\/span>, not as a separate cause of action.\u2019 Such claims of emotional distress must be incidental to \u2018a substantial invasion of property interests.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Major v. Western Home Ins. Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 169 Cal.App.4th 1197, 1214 [87 Cal.Rptr.3d 556], original italics, internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>2 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Insurance, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009341\u2013343<\/div>\n<div>Croskey et al., California Practice Guide: Insurance Litigation. Ch. 12C-C,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bad Faith\u2014Requirements for First Party Bad Faith Action<\/span>, \u00b6\u00b6\u200912:822\u201312:1016 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>2 California Liability Insurance Practice: Claims &amp; Litigation (Cont.Ed.Bar) General Principles of Contract and Bad Faith Actions, \u00a7\u00a7\u200924.25\u201324.45A<\/div>\n<div>2\u00a0California Insurance Law &amp; Practice, Ch. 13,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Claims Handling and the Duty of Good Faith<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u200913.03[2][a]\u2013[c],\u00a013.06\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1 California Uninsured Motorist Law, Ch. 13,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Rights, Duties, and Obligations of the Parties<\/span>, \u00a7\u200913.23 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>2 California Uninsured Motorist Law, Ch. 24,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bad Faith in Uninsured Motorist Law<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u200924.10, 24.20\u201324.21, 24.40 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>3 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 40,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fraud and Deceit and Other Business Torts<\/span>, \u00a7\u200940.140\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>6 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 82,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Claims and Disputes Under Insurance Policies<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u200982.21,\u00a082.50\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>26\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 308,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Insurance<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009308.24\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>11\u00a0California Legal Forms, Ch. 26A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Title Insurance<\/span>, \u00a7\u200926A.17\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>12\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 120,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Insurance<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009120.208\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7bd4dj-cceabef8a82589fb242edc07e8620334 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5b03if-de4d15d7aa140bf3aacfa74a1877d559\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5b03if-de4d15d7aa140bf3aacfa74a1877d559 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5b03if-de4d15d7aa140bf3aacfa74a1877d559 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1207","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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