{"id":1208,"date":"2021-10-25T03:50:34","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:50:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1208"},"modified":"2022-05-05T16:34:03","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T16:34:03","slug":"caci-2330-implied-obligation-of-good-faith-and-fair-dealing-explained","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-2330-implied-obligation-of-good-faith-and-fair-dealing-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 2330 Implied Obligation of Good Faith and Fair Dealing Explained"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kum7y9lb-5dc58d69f44a1626dfe747fcf0508bdd\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kum7y9lb-5dc58d69f44a1626dfe747fcf0508bdd{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kum7y9lb-5dc58d69f44a1626dfe747fcf0508bdd .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kum7y9lb-5dc58d69f44a1626dfe747fcf0508bdd .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kum7y9lb-5dc58d69f44a1626dfe747fcf0508bdd av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 2330 Implied Obligation of Good Faith and Fair Dealing Explained<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kum7zgu4-77497d64ec3eddc73496957797b9b618\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kum7zgu4-77497d64ec3eddc73496957797b9b618 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kum7zgu4-77497d64ec3eddc73496957797b9b618 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">2330\u00a0Implied Obligation of Good Faith and Fair Dealing Explained<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">In every insurance policy there is an implied obligation of good faith and fair dealing that neither the insurance company nor the insured will do anything to injure the right of the other party to receive the benefits of the agreement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">To fulfill its implied obligation of good faith and fair dealing, an insurance company must give at least as much consideration to the interests of the insured as it gives to its own interests.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">To breach the implied obligation of good faith and fair dealing, an insurance company must unreasonably act or fail to act in a manner that deprives the insured of the benefits of the policy. To act unreasonably is not a mere failure to exercise reasonable care. It means that the insurer must act or fail to act without proper cause. However, it is not necessary for the insurer to intend to deprive the insured of the benefits of the policy. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised December 2007, December 2015 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction may be used to introduce a \u201cbad-faith\u201d claim arising from an alleged breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThere is an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing in every contract that neither party will do anything which will injure the right of the other to receive the benefits of the agreement.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Comunale v. Traders &amp; General Ins. Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1958) 50 Cal.2d 654, 658 [328 P.2d 198].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt is important to recognize the reason for the possibility of tort, and perhaps even punitive damages on top of regular tort damages, for an insurance company\u2019s unreasonable breach of an insurance contract. Insurance contracts are unique in that, if the insurance company breaches them, the policyholder suffers a loss (often a catastrophic loss) that cannot, by definition, be compensated by obtaining another contract. [Citations.] [\u00b6] Thus, without the possibility of tort damages hanging over its head when it makes a claims decision, an insurance company may choose not to deal in good faith when a policyholder makes a claim. The insurance company could arbitrarily deny a claim, thus gambling with the policyholder\u2019s \u2018benefits of the agreement.\u2019 [Citation.] If the insurance company gambled wrong, it would be no worse off than it would have been if it had honored the claim in the first place. In effect, if the law confined the exposure of the insurance company under such circumstances to only contract damages, it would be pardoned and still retain the fruits of its offense.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Pulte Home Corp. v. American Safety Indemnity Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 14 Cal.App.5th 1086, 1125 [223 Cal.Rptr.3d 47].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cFor the insurer to fulfill its obligation not to impair the right of the insured to receive the benefits of the agreement, it again must give at least as much consideration to the latter\u2019s interests as it does to its own.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Egan v. Mutual of Omaha Insurance Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1979) 24 Cal.3d 809, 818\u2013819 [169 Cal.Rptr. 691, 620 P.2d 141].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]o establish the insurer\u2019s \u2018bad faith\u2019 liability, the insured must show that the insurer has (1) withheld benefits due under the policy, and (2) that such withholding was \u2018unreasonable\u2019 or \u2018without proper cause.\u2019 The actionable withholding of benefits may consist of the denial of benefits due; paying less than due; and\/or unreasonably delaying payments due.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Major v. Western Home Ins. Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 169 Cal.App.4th 1197, 1209 [87 Cal.Rptr.3d 556], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[T]he covenant of good faith can be breached for objectively unreasonable conduct, regardless of the actor\u2019s motive.\u2019 \u2026 [A]n insured plaintiff need only show, for example, that the insurer unreasonably refused to pay benefits or failed to accept a reasonable settlement offer; there is no requirement to establish\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">subjective<\/span>\u00a0bad faith.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bosetti v. United States Life Ins. Co. in the City of New York<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 175 Cal.App.4th 1208, 1236 [96 Cal.Rptr.3d 744], original italics, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cTo establish bad faith, a policy holder must demonstrate misconduct by the insurer more egregious than an incorrect denial of policy benefits.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Case v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins. Co., Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 30 Cal.App.5th 397, 402 [241 Cal.Rptr.3d 458].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cBad faith may involve negligence, or negligence may be indicative of bad faith, but negligence alone is insufficient to render the insurer liable.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Brown v. Guarantee Ins. Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1957) 155 Cal.App.2d 679, 689 [319 P.2d 69].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThus, a breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing involves something more than a breach of the contract or mistaken judgment. There must be proof the insurer failed or refused to discharge its contractual duties not because of an honest mistake, bad judgment, or negligence, \u2018but rather by a conscious and deliberate act, which unfairly frustrates the agreed common purposes and disappoints the reasonable expectations of the other party thereby depriving that party of the benefits of the agreement.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Century Surety Co. v. Polisso<\/span>\u00a0(2006) 139 Cal.App.4th 922, 949 [43 Cal.Rptr.3d 468], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]f the insurer denies benefits unreasonably (i.e., without any reasonable basis for such denial), it may be exposed to the full array of tort remedies, including possible punitive damages.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jordan v. Allstate Ins. Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2007) 148 Cal.App.4th 1062, 1073 [56 Cal.Rptr.3d 312].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cSubterfuges and evasions violate the obligation of good faith in performance even though the actor believes his conduct to be justified. But the obligation goes further: bad faith may be overt or may consist of inaction, and fair dealing may require more than honesty. A complete catalogue of types of bad faith is impossible, but the following types are among those which have been recognized in judicial decisions: evasion of the spirit of the bargain, lack of diligence and slacking off, willful rendering of imperfect performance, abuse of a power to specify terms, and interference with or failure to cooperate in the other party\u2019s performance.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">R. J. Kuhl Corp. v. Sullivan<\/span>\u00a0(1993) 13 Cal.App.4th 1589, 1602 [17 Cal.Rptr.2d 425].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A]n insurer is not required to pay every claim presented to it. Besides the duty to deal fairly with the insured, the insurer also has a duty to its other policyholders and to the stockholders (if it is such a company) not to dissipate its reserves through the payment of meritless claims. Such a practice inevitably would prejudice the insurance seeking public because of the necessity to increase rates, and would finally drive the insurer out of business.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Austero v. National Cas. Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1978) 84 Cal.App.3d 1, 30 [148 Cal.Rptr. 653], overruled on other grounds in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Egan, supra<\/span>, 24 Cal.3d at p. 824 fn. 7.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cUnique obligations are imposed upon true fiduciaries which are not found in the insurance relationship. For example, a true fiduciary must first consider and always act in the best interests of its trust and not allow self-interest to overpower its duty to act in the trust\u2019s best interests. An insurer, however, may give its own interests consideration equal to that it gives the interests of its insured; it is not required to disregard the interests of its shareholders and other policyholders when evaluating claims; and it is not required to pay noncovered claims, even though payment would be in the best interests of its insured.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Love v. Fire Ins. Exchange<\/span>\u00a0(1990) 221 Cal.App.3d 1136, 1148\u20131149 [271 Cal.Rptr. 246], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]n California, an insurer has the same duty to act in good faith in the uninsured motorist context as it does in any other insurance context.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Maslo v. Ameriprise Auto &amp; Home Ins.<\/span>\u00a0(2014) 227 Cal.App.4th 626, 636 [173 Cal.Rptr.3d 854].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[P]erformance of an act specifically authorized by the policy cannot, as a matter of law, constitute bad faith.\u2019 [\u00b6] [I]n the insurance context,\u2009\u2026 \u2018\u2009\u201ccourts are not at liberty to imply a covenant directly at odds with a contract\u2019s express grant of discretionary power.\u201d\u2009\u2019 The possible exception would be \u2018\u2009\u201cthose relatively rare instances when reading the provision literally would, contrary to the parties\u2019 clear intention, result in an unenforceable, illusory agreement.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Baldwin v. AAA Northern California, Nevada &amp; Utah Ins. Exchange<\/span>\u00a0(2016) 1 Cal.App.5th 545, 557\u2013558 [204 Cal.Rptr.3d 433], internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>2 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Insurance, \u00a7\u2009340<\/div>\n<div>Croskey, et al., California Practice Guide: Insurance Litigation, Ch. 11-B,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Theories For Extracontractual Liability\u2014In General<\/span>, \u00b6\u00b6\u200911:7\u201311:8.1 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>Croskey, et al., California Practice Guide: Insurance Litigation, Ch. 12A-A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Definition of Terms<\/span>, \u00b6\u00b6\u200912:1\u201312:10 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>Croskey, et al., California Practice Guide: Insurance Litigation, Ch. 12A-B,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Capsule History Of Insurance \u201cBad Faith\u201d Cases<\/span>, \u00b6\u00b6\u200912:13\u201312:23 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>Croskey, et al., California Practice Guide: Insurance Litigation, Ch. 12A-C,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Theory Of Recovery\u2014Breach Of Implied Covenant Of Good Faith And Fair Dealing (\u201cBad Faith\u201d)<\/span>, \u00b6\u00b6\u200912:27\u201312:54 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>Croskey, et al., California Practice Guide: Insurance Litigation, Ch. 12A-D,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Who May Sue For Tortious Breach Of Implied Covenant (Proper Plaintiffs)<\/span>, \u00b6\u00b6\u200912:56\u201312:90.17 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>Croskey, et al., California Practice Guide: Insurance Litigation, Ch. 12A-E,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Persons Who May Be Sued For Tortious Breach Of Implied Covenant (Proper Defendants)<\/span>, \u00b6\u00b6\u200912:92\u201312:118 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>Croskey, et al., California Practice Guide: Insurance Litigation, Ch. 12A-F,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Compare\u2014Breach Of Implied Covenant By Insured<\/span>, \u00b6\u00b6\u200912:119\u201312:121 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>1 California Liability Insurance Practice: Claims and Litigation (Cont.Ed.Bar) Overview of Rights and Obligations of Policy, \u00a7\u00a7\u20092.9\u20132.15<\/div>\n<div>2\u00a0California Insurance Law &amp; Practice, Ch. 13,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Claims Handling and the Duty of Good Faith<\/span>, \u00a7\u200913.01\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1 California Uninsured Motorist Law, Ch. 13,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Rights, Duties, and Obligations of the Parties<\/span>, \u00a7\u200913.23 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>2 California Uninsured Motorist Law, Ch. 24,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bad Faith in Uninsured Motorist Law<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u200924.10, 24.20\u201324.21, 24.40 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>26\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 308,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Insurance<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009308.24[1]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>11\u00a0California Legal Forms, Ch. 26A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Title Insurance<\/span>, \u00a7\u200926A.17[9]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-73c754-5202845ef2cd3896ac6a8f187e78e2ef hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5n3u8o-63d4640e987688e7b6beaa9cac5214f0\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5n3u8o-63d4640e987688e7b6beaa9cac5214f0 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5n3u8o-63d4640e987688e7b6beaa9cac5214f0 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1208","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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