{"id":1295,"date":"2021-10-25T03:50:50","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:50:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1295"},"modified":"2022-05-05T17:06:08","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T17:06:08","slug":"caci-2502-disparate-impact-essential-factual-elements-gov-code-%c2%a7-12940a","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-2502-disparate-impact-essential-factual-elements-gov-code-%c2%a7-12940a\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 2502 Disparate Impact\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Gov. Code, \u00a7\u200912940(a))"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kumco0zs-cd284702ce6d4a70b052f9085fcc51c4\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kumco0zs-cd284702ce6d4a70b052f9085fcc51c4{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kumco0zs-cd284702ce6d4a70b052f9085fcc51c4 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kumco0zs-cd284702ce6d4a70b052f9085fcc51c4 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kumco0zs-cd284702ce6d4a70b052f9085fcc51c4 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 2502 Disparate Impact\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Gov. Code, \u00a7\u200912940(a))<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kumcq31d-feaaecfed05af83dac7023e3d00d2add\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kumcq31d-feaaecfed05af83dac7023e3d00d2add .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kumcq31d-feaaecfed05af83dac7023e3d00d2add '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">2502\u00a0Disparate Impact\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Gov. Code, \u00a7\u200912940(a))<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had [an employment practice\/a selection policy] that wrongfully discriminated against [him\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was [an employer\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">other covered entity<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [was an employee of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\/applied to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] for a job\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">other covered relationship to defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had [an employment practice of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">describe practice<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\/a selection policy of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">describe policy<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]] that had a disproportionate adverse effect on [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">describe protected group\u2014for example, persons over the age of 40<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">protected status<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">6.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s [employment practice\/selection policy] was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised June 2011 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction is intended for disparate impact employment discrimination claims. Disparate impact occurs when an employer has an employment practice that appears neutral but has an adverse impact on members of a protected group and cannot be justified by business necessity. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jumaane v. City of Los Angeles<\/span>\u00a0(2015) 241 Cal.App.4th 1390, 1405 [194 Cal.Rptr.3d 689].)<\/p>\n<p>If element 1 is given, the court may need to instruct the jury on the statutory definition of \u201cemployer\u201d under the FEHA. Other covered entities under the FEHA include labor organizations, employment agencies, and apprenticeship training programs. (See\u00a0Gov. Code, \u00a7\u200912940(a)\u2013(d).)<\/p>\n<p>The court should consider instructing the jury on the meaning of \u201cadverse impact,\u201d tailored to the facts of the case and the applicable law. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Discrimination Prohibited Under Fair Employment and Housing Act.\u00a0Government Code section 12940(a).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Disparate Impact May Prove Age Discrimination.\u00a0Government Code section 12941.1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Justification for Disparate Impact.\u00a0Cal. Code Regs., tit. 2, \u00a7\u00a7\u200911010(b),\u00a011017(a),\u00a0(e).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cProhibited discrimination may \u2026 be found on a theory of disparate impact, i.e., that regardless of motive, a\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">facially neutral<\/span>\u00a0employer practice or policy, bearing no manifest relationship to job requirements,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">in fact<\/span>\u00a0had a disproportionate adverse effect on members of the protected class.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Guz v. Bechtel National, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2000) 24 Cal.4th 317, 354, fn. 20 [100 Cal.Rptr.2d 352, 8 P.3d 1089], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA \u2018disparate impact\u2019 plaintiff \u2026 may prevail without proving intentional discrimination \u2026 [However,] a disparate impact plaintiff \u2018must not merely prove circumstances raising an inference of discriminatory impact; he must prove the discriminatory impact at issue.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ibarbia v. Regents of the University of California<\/span>\u00a0(1987) 191 Cal.App.3d 1318, 1329\u20131330 [237 Cal.Rptr. 92], quoting\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lowe v. City of Monrovia<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 1985) 775 F.2d 998, 1004.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018To establish a prima facie case of discrimination, a plaintiff must show that the facially neutral employment practice had a significantly discriminatory impact. If that showing is made, the employer must then demonstrate that \u201cany given requirement [has] a manifest relationship to the employment in question,\u201d in order to avoid a finding of discrimination \u2026 Even in such a case, however, the plaintiff may prevail, if he shows that the employer was using the practice as a mere pretext for discrimination.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">City and County of San Francisco v. Fair Employment and Housing Com.<\/span>\u00a0(1987) 191 Cal.App.3d 976, 985 [236 Cal.Rptr. 716], quoting\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Connecticut v. Teal<\/span>\u00a0(1982) 457 U.S. 440, 446\u2013447 [102 S.Ct. 2525, 73 L.Ed.2d 130], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt is well settled that valid statistical evidence is required to prove disparate impact discrimination, that is, that a facially neutral policy has caused a protected group to suffer adverse effects. \u2018\u2009\u201cOnce the employment practice at issue has been identified, causation must be proved; that is, the plaintiff must offer statistical evidence of a kind and degree sufficient to show that the practice in question has caused the exclusion of applicants for jobs or promotions because of their membership in a protected group.\u2009\u2026 [S]tatistical disparities must be sufficiently substantial that they raise such an inference of causation.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jumaane, supra<\/span>, 241 Cal.App.4th at p. 1405.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Under federal title VII, a plaintiff may establish an unlawful employment practice based on disparate impact in one of two ways: (1) the plaintiff demonstrates that a defendant uses a particular employment practice that causes a disparate impact on the basis of a protected status, and the defendant \u201cfails to demonstrate that the challenged practice is job related for the position in question and consistent with business necessity\u201d; or (2) the plaintiff demonstrates that there is an alternative employment practice with less adverse impact, and the defendant \u201crefuses to adopt such alternative employment practice.\u201d (42 U.S.C. \u00a7\u20092000e-2(k)(1)(A).) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>Chin et al., California Practice Guide: Employment Litigation, Ch. 4-A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Employment Presumed At Will<\/span>, \u00b6\u20094:25 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>Chin et al., California Practice Guide: Employment Litigation, Ch. 7-A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Title VII And The California Fair Employment And Housing Act<\/span>, \u00b6\u00b6\u20097:530, 7:531, 7:535 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>1 Wrongful Employment Termination Practice (Cont.Ed.Bar 2d ed.) Discrimination Claims, \u00a7\u20092.65<\/div>\n<div>2 Wilcox,\u00a0California Employment Law, Ch. 41,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Substantive Requirements Under Equal Employment Opportunity Laws<\/span>, \u00a7\u200941.21\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>3 Wilcox,\u00a0California Employment Law, Ch. 43,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Civil Actions Under Equal Employment Opportunity Laws<\/span>, \u00a7\u200943.01[2][c]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>11\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 115,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Civil Rights: Employment Discrimination<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009115.23[4]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Civil Practice: Employment Litigation, \u00a7\u20092:23 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7ihw9r-47fca72167a17420a2799b3d460926ef hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-62pm2n-5b3581d09c187553719f38a10362a817\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-62pm2n-5b3581d09c187553719f38a10362a817 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-62pm2n-5b3581d09c187553719f38a10362a817 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1295","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 2502 Disparate Impact\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Gov. 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