{"id":1303,"date":"2021-10-25T03:51:09","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:51:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1303"},"modified":"2022-05-05T17:10:31","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T17:10:31","slug":"caci-2507-substantial-motivating-reason-explained","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-2507-substantial-motivating-reason-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 2507 \u201cSubstantial Motivating Reason\u201d Explained"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kumgj3i9-25ca6feea314e51abf8467867e169a00\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kumgj3i9-25ca6feea314e51abf8467867e169a00{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kumgj3i9-25ca6feea314e51abf8467867e169a00 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kumgj3i9-25ca6feea314e51abf8467867e169a00 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kumgj3i9-25ca6feea314e51abf8467867e169a00 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 2507 <span class='special_amp'>\u201c<\/span>Substantial Motivating Reason<span class='special_amp'>\u201d<\/span> Explained<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kumgk98k-d515c660dc175ab9b272fcce7501a825\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kumgk98k-d515c660dc175ab9b272fcce7501a825 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kumgk98k-d515c660dc175ab9b272fcce7501a825 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">2507\u00a0\u201cSubstantial Motivating Reason\u201d Explained<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">A \u201csubstantial motivating reason\u201d is a reason that actually contributed to the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify adverse employment action<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. It must be more than a remote or trivial reason. It does not have to be the only reason motivating the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">adverse employment action<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New December 2007; Revised June 2013 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Read this instruction with\u00a0CACI No. 2500,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Disparate Treatment\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>,\u00a0CACI No. 2505,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Retaliation\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>,\u00a0CACI No. 2540,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Disability Discrimination<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">\u2014Disparate Treatment\u2014<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Essential Factual Elements<\/span>,\u00a0CACI No. 2560,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Religious Creed Discrimination\u2014Failure to Accommodate\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>, or\u00a0CACI No. 2570,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Age Discrimination<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">\u2014Disparate Treatment\u2014<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Essential Factual Elements<\/span>. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Discrimination Prohibited Under Fair Employment and Housing Act.\u00a0Government Code section 12940(a).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Causation Under Federal Law. Title\u00a042 United States Code section 2000e-2(m).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cSubstantial Motivating Factor\u201d Explained.\u00a0Title 2 California Code of Regulations section 11009(c).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cBecause of the similarity between state and federal employment discrimination laws, California courts look to pertinent federal precedent when applying our own statutes.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Guz v. Bechtel National, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2000) 24 Cal.4th 317, 354 [100 Cal.Rptr.2d 352, 8 P.3d 1089].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhile a complainant need not prove that [discriminatory] animus was the sole motivation behind a challenged action, he must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that there was a \u2018causal connection\u2019 between the employee\u2019s protected status and the adverse employment decision.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mixon v. Fair Employment and Housing Com.<\/span>\u00a0(1987) 192 Cal.App.3d 1306, 1319 [237 Cal.Rptr. 884].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe employee need not show \u2018he would have in any event been rejected or discharged solely on the basis of his race, without regard to the alleged deficiencies.\u2009\u2026\u2019 In other words, \u2018while a complainant need not prove that racial animus was the sole motivation behind the challenged action, he must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that there was a \u201ccausal connection\u201d between the employee\u2019s protected status and the adverse employment decision.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Clark v. Claremont University Center<\/span>\u00a0(1992) 6 Cal.App.4th 639, 665 [8 Cal.Rptr.2d 151], citing\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McDonald v. Santa Fe Trail Transp. Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1976) 427 U.S. 273, 282, fn. 10 [96 S.Ct. 2574, 49 L.Ed.2d 493, 502]\u00a0and\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mixon,\u00a0supra<\/span>, 192 Cal.App.3d at p. 1319.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cRequiring the plaintiff to show that discrimination was a\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">substantial<\/span>\u00a0motivating factor, rather than simply\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">a<\/span>\u00a0motivating factor, more effectively ensures that liability will not be imposed based on evidence of mere thoughts or passing statements unrelated to the disputed employment decision. At the same time,\u2009\u2026 proof that discrimination was a\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">substantial<\/span>\u00a0factor in an employment decision triggers the deterrent purpose of the FEHA and thus exposes the employer to liability, even if other factors would have led the employer to make the same decision at the time.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Harris v. City of Santa Monica<\/span>\u00a0(2013) 56 Cal.4th 203, 232 [152 Cal.Rptr.3d 392, 294 P.3d 49], original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe do not suggest that discrimination must be alone sufficient to bring about an employment decision in order to constitute a substantial motivating factor. But it is important to recognize that discrimination can be serious, consequential, and even by itself determinative of an employment decision without also being a \u201cbut for\u201d cause.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Harris<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 56 Cal.4th at p. 229.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAlthough [plaintiff] contends that a jury in an employment discrimination case would not draw any meaningful distinction between \u2018a motivating reason\u2019 and \u2018a substantial motivating reason\u2019 in deciding whether there was unlawful discrimination, the Supreme Court reached a contrary conclusion in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Harris<\/span>\u00a0[<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>]. The court specifically concluded that \u2018[r]equiring the plaintiff to show that discrimination was a substantial motivating factor, rather than simply a motivating factor, more effectively ensures that liability will not be imposed based on evidence of mere thoughts or passing statements unrelated to the disputed employment decision.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Alamo v. Practice Management Information Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(2013) 219 Cal.App.4th 466, 479 [161 Cal.Rptr.3d 758].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>Chin et al., California Practice Guide: Employment Litigation, Ch. 7-A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Title VII And The California Fair Employment And Housing Act<\/span>, \u00b6\u00b6\u20097:485\u20137:508 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>1 Wrongful Employment Termination Practice (Cont.Ed.Bar 2d ed.) Discrimination Claims, \u00a7\u00a7\u20092.61\u20132.65, 2.87<\/div>\n<div>2\u00a0Wilcox, California Employment Law, Ch. 41,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Substantive Requirements Under Equal Employment Opportunity Laws<\/span>, \u00a7\u200941.11[1]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>11\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 115,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Civil Rights: Employment Discrimination<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009115.23[2]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Civil Practice: Employment Litigation, \u00a7\u00a7\u20092:20\u20132:21, 2:75 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7uf7iv-62aa9b18946a9883278e1da6709214c5 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5p42mf-ead85cdab0ca5b8955199d13a3361916\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5p42mf-ead85cdab0ca5b8955199d13a3361916 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5p42mf-ead85cdab0ca5b8955199d13a3361916 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1303","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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