{"id":1337,"date":"2021-10-25T03:51:10","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:51:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1337"},"modified":"2022-05-05T17:23:44","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T17:23:44","slug":"caci-2525-harassment-supervisor-defined-gov-code-%c2%a7-12926t","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-2525-harassment-supervisor-defined-gov-code-%c2%a7-12926t\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 2525 Harassment\u2014\u201cSupervisor\u201d Defined (Gov. Code, \u00a7\u200912926(t))"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuo0izq5-1f723f563fd80ab0a517f7995245fec9\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kuo0izq5-1f723f563fd80ab0a517f7995245fec9{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kuo0izq5-1f723f563fd80ab0a517f7995245fec9 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kuo0izq5-1f723f563fd80ab0a517f7995245fec9 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kuo0izq5-1f723f563fd80ab0a517f7995245fec9 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 2525 Harassment\u2014<span class='special_amp'>\u201c<\/span>Supervisor<span class='special_amp'>\u201d<\/span> Defined (Gov. Code, \u00a7\u200912926(t))<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuo0k2yo-159b0354f1fc5b4ce5f96042882998dd\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kuo0k2yo-159b0354f1fc5b4ce5f96042882998dd .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kuo0k2yo-159b0354f1fc5b4ce5f96042882998dd '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">2525\u00a0Harassment\u2014\u201cSupervisor\u201d Defined (Gov. Code, \u00a7\u200912926(t))<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of alleged harasser<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was a supervisor of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] if [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had any of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">a.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The authority to hire, transfer, promote, assign, reward, discipline, [or] discharge [or] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert other employment action<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [or effectively to recommend any of these actions];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">b.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The responsibility to act on [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s grievances [or effectively to recommend action on grievances]; or<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">c.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The responsibility to direct [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s daily work activities.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of alleged harasser<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s exercise of this authority or responsibility must not be merely routine or clerical, but must require the use of independent judgment. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised June 2006, December 2015 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>The FEHA\u2019s definition of \u201csupervisor\u201d refers to the \u201cauthority\u201d for factor (a) and the \u201cresponsibility\u201d for factors (b) and (c). The difference, if any, between \u201cauthority\u201d and \u201cresponsibility\u201d as used in the statute is not clear. The statute further requires that \u201cthe exercise of that\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">authority<\/span>\u00a0is not of a merely routine or clerical nature, but requires the use of independent judgment.\u201d (See\u00a0Gov. Code, \u00a7\u200912926(t)\u00a0[emphasis added].) However, at least one court has found the independent-judgment requirement to be applicable to the\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">responsibility<\/span>\u00a0for factor (c). (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Chapman v. Enos<\/span>\u00a0(2004) 116 Cal.App.4th 920, 930\u2013931 [10 Cal.Rptr.3d 852]\u00a0[emphasis added].) Therefore, the last sentence of the instruction refers to \u201cauthority or responsibility.\u201d <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Harassment Prohibited Under Fair Employment and Housing Act.\u00a0Government Code section 12940(j)(1).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cSupervisor\u201d Defined.\u00a0Government Code section 12926(t).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe FEHA imposes two standards of employer liability for sexual harassment, depending on whether the person engaging in the harassment is the victim\u2019s supervisor or a nonsupervisory coemployee. The employer is liable for harassment by a nonsupervisory employee only if the employer (a) knew or should have known of the harassing conduct and (b) failed to take immediate and appropriate corrective action. This is a negligence standard. Because the FEHA imposes this negligence standard only for harassment \u2018by an employee other than an agent or supervisor\u2019 by implication the FEHA makes the employer strictly liable for harassment by a supervisor.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">State Dept. of Health Services v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(2003) 31 Cal. 4th 1026, 1040\u20131041 [6 Cal. Rptr. 3d 441, 79 P.3d 556], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cUnlike discrimination in hiring, the ultimate responsibility for which rests with the employer, sexual or other harassment perpetrated by a supervisor with the power to hire, fire and control the victimized employee\u2019s working conditions is a particularly personal form of the type of discrimination which the Legislature sought to proscribe when it enacted the FEHA.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Matthews v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(1995) 34 Cal.App.4th 598, 605\u2013606 [40 Cal.Rptr.2d 350].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThis section has been interpreted to mean that the employer is strictly liable for the harassing actions of its supervisors and agents, but that the employer is only liable for harassment by a coworker if the employer knew or should have known of the conduct and failed to take immediate corrective action. Thus, characterizing the employment status of the harasser is very significant.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Doe v. Capital Cities<\/span>\u00a0(1996) 50 Cal.App.4th 1038, 1046 [58 Cal.Rptr.2d 122], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe case and statutory authority set forth three clear rules. First,\u2009\u2026 a supervisor who personally engages in sexually harassing conduct is personally liable under the FEHA. Second,\u2009\u2026 if the supervisor participates in the sexual harassment or substantially assists or encourages continued harassment, the supervisor is personally liable under the FEHA as an aider and abettor of the harasser. Third, under the FEHA, the employer is vicariously and strictly liable for sexual harassment by a supervisor.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fiol v. Doellstedt<\/span>\u00a0(1996) 50 Cal.App.4th 1318, 1327 [58 Cal.Rptr.2d 308].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]hile an employer\u2019s liability under the [FEHA] for an act of sexual harassment committed by a supervisor or agent is broader than the liability created by the common law principle of respondeat superior, respondeat superior principles are nonetheless relevant in determining liability when, as here, the sexual harassment occurred away from the workplace and not during work hours.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Doe<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 50 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1048\u20131049.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe FEHA does not define \u2018agent.\u2019 Therefore, it is appropriate to consider general principles of agency law. An agent is one who represents a principal in dealings with third persons. An agent is a person authorized by the principal to conduct one or more transactions with one or more third persons and to exercise a degree of discretion in effecting the purpose of the principal. A supervising employee is an agent of the employer.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fiol<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 50 Cal.App.4th at p. 1328, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA supervisor who, without more, fails to take action to prevent sexual harassment of an employee is not personally liable as an aider and abettor of the harasser, an aider and abettor of the employer or an agent of the employer.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fiol<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 50 Cal.App.4th at p. 1331.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]hile full accountability and responsibility are certainly indicia of supervisory power, they are not\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">required<\/span>\u00a0elements of \u2026 the FEHA definition of supervisor. Indeed, many supervisors with responsibility to direct others using their independent judgment, and whose supervision of employees is not merely routine or clerical, would not meet these additional criteria though they would otherwise be within the ambit of the FEHA supervisor definition.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Chapman, supra<\/span>, 116 Cal.App.4th at p. 930, footnote omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cDefendants take the position that the court\u2019s modified instruction is, nonetheless, accurate because the phrase \u2018responsibility to direct\u2019 is the functional equivalent of being \u2018fully accountable and responsible for the performance and work product of the employees.\u2009\u2026\u2019 In this, they rely on the dictionary definition of \u2018responsible\u2019 as \u2018marked by accountability.\u2019 But as it relates to the issue before us, this definition is unhelpful for two reasons. First, one can be accountable for one\u2019s own actions without being accountable for those of others. Second, the argument appears to ignore the plain language of the statute which\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">itself<\/span>\u00a0defines the circumstances under which the exercise of the responsibility to direct will be considered supervisory, i.e., \u2018if \u2026 [it] is not of a merely routine or clerical nature, but requires the use of independent judgment.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Chapman, supra<\/span>, 116 Cal.App.4th at pp. 930\u2013931.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>Chin et al., California Practice Guide: Employment Litigation, Ch. 10-A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Sources Of Law Prohibiting Harassment<\/span>, \u00b6\u200910:17 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>Chin et al., California Practice Guide: Employment Litigation, Ch. 10-D,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Employer Liability For Workplace Harassment<\/span>, \u00b6\u00b6\u200910:308, 10:310, 10:315\u201310:317, 10:321, 10:322 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>Chin et al., California Practice Guide: Employment Litigation, Ch. 10-E,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Harasser\u2019s Individual Liability<\/span>, \u00b6\u200910:499 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>1 Wrongful Employment Termination Practice (Cont.Ed.Bar 2d ed.) Sexual and Other Harassment, \u00a7\u20093.21<\/div>\n<div>2 Wilcox,\u00a0California Employment Law, Ch. 41,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Substantive Requirements Under Equal Employment Opportunity Laws<\/span>, \u00a7\u200941.81\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>11\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 115,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Civil Rights: Employment Discrimination<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009115.20,\u00a0115.36,\u00a0115.54\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Civil Practice: Employment Litigation \u00a7\u20092:56.50 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-8109i1-15200c5b12950e4b7c4a98cad5cd8d52 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5apdt5-b93df8e9b2d235ee0d3b0d6a8e85b15b\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5apdt5-b93df8e9b2d235ee0d3b0d6a8e85b15b .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5apdt5-b93df8e9b2d235ee0d3b0d6a8e85b15b '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1337","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 2525 Harassment\u2014\u201cSupervisor\u201d Defined (Gov. 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