{"id":1355,"date":"2021-10-25T03:51:24","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:51:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1355"},"modified":"2022-05-05T17:49:00","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T17:49:00","slug":"caci-2543-disability-discrimination-essential-job-duties-explained-gov-code-%c2%a7%c2%a7-12926f-12940a1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-2543-disability-discrimination-essential-job-duties-explained-gov-code-%c2%a7%c2%a7-12926f-12940a1\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 2543 Disability Discrimination\u2014\u201cEssential Job Duties\u201d Explained (Gov. Code, \u00a7\u00a7\u200912926(f), 12940(a)(1))"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuts0y3b-d16baf28540b0db43fe612dbcd0b4d70\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kuts0y3b-d16baf28540b0db43fe612dbcd0b4d70{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kuts0y3b-d16baf28540b0db43fe612dbcd0b4d70 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kuts0y3b-d16baf28540b0db43fe612dbcd0b4d70 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kuts0y3b-d16baf28540b0db43fe612dbcd0b4d70 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 2543 Disability Discrimination\u2014<span class='special_amp'>\u201c<\/span>Essential Job Duties<span class='special_amp'>\u201d<\/span> Explained (Gov. Code, \u00a7\u00a7\u200912926(f), 12940(a)(1))<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuts2knu-6089c5b64c40e0e00bb8dc4a7942ab98\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kuts2knu-6089c5b64c40e0e00bb8dc4a7942ab98 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kuts2knu-6089c5b64c40e0e00bb8dc4a7942ab98 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">2543\u00a0Disability Discrimination\u2014\u201cEssential Job Duties\u201d Explained (Gov. Code, \u00a7\u00a7\u200912926(f), 12940(a)(1))<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">In deciding whether a job duty is essential, you may consider, among other factors, the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">a.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Whether the reason the job exists is to perform that duty;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">b.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Whether there is a limited number of employees available who can perform that duty;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">c.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Whether the job duty is highly specialized so that the person currently holding the position was hired for the person\u2019s expertise or ability to perform the particular duty.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Evidence of whether a particular duty is essential includes, but is not limited to, the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">a.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s judgment as to which functions are essential;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">b.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Written job descriptions prepared before advertising or interviewing applicants for the job;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">c.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The amount of time spent on the job performing the duty;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">d.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The consequences of not requiring the person currently holding the position to perform the duty;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">e.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The terms of a collective bargaining agreement;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">f.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The work experiences of past persons holding the job;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">g.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The current work experience of persons holding similar jobs;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">h.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Reference to the importance of the job in prior performance reviews.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\u201cEssential job duties\u201d do not include the marginal duties of the position. \u201cMarginal duties\u201d are those that, if not performed would not eliminate the need for the job, or those that could be readily performed by another employee, or those that could be performed in another way. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revoked June 2013; Restored and Revised December 2013; Revised May 2020 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction with\u00a0CACI No. 2540,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Disability Discrimination<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">\u2014Disparate Treatment\u2014<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Essential Factual Elements,<\/span>\u00a0or\u00a0CACI No. 2541,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Disability Discrimination\u2014Reasonable Accommodation\u2014Essential Factual Elements,<\/span>\u00a0or both, if it is necessary to explain what is an \u201cessential job duty.\u201d (See\u00a0Gov. Code, \u00a7\u00a7\u200912926(f),\u00a012940(a)(1); see also\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Furtado v. State Personnel Bd.<\/span>\u00a0(2013) 212 Cal.App.4th 729, 743\u2013744 [151 Cal.Rptr.3d 292].) While the employee has the burden to prove that the employee can perform essential job duties, with or without reasonable accommodation, it is unresolved which party has the burden of proving that a job duty is essential. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lui v. City and County of San Francisco<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 211 Cal.App.4th 962, 972\u2013973 [150 Cal.Rptr.3d 385].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Ability to Perform Essential Duties.\u00a0Government Code section 12940(a)(1).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cEssential Functions\u201d Defined.\u00a0Government Code section 12926(f).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Evidence of Essential Functions.\u00a02 California Code of Regulations section 11065(e)(2).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Marginal Functions.\u00a02 California Code of Regulations section 11065(e)(3).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018\u2009\u201cEssential functions\u201d means the fundamental job duties of the employment position the individual with a disability holds or desires. \u201cEssential functions\u201d does not include the marginal functions of the position.\u2019 \u2018\u2009\u201cMarginal functions\u201d of an employment position are those that, if not performed, would not eliminate the need for the job or that could be readily performed by another employee or that could be performed in an alternative way.\u2019 \u2018A job function may be considered essential for any of several reasons, including, but not limited to, any one or more of the following: [\u00b6] (A) \u2026 [T]he reason the position exists is to perform that function. [\u00b6] (B) \u2026 [T]he limited number of employees available among whom the performance of that job function can be distributed. [\u00b6] [And] (C) \u2026 the incumbent in the position is hired for his or her expertise or ability to perform the particular [highly specialized] function.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Nealy v. City of Santa Monica<\/span>\u00a0(2015) 234 Cal.App.4th 359, 373 [184 Cal.Rptr.3d 9], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cEvidence of \u2018essential functions\u2019 may include the employer\u2019s judgment, written job descriptions, the amount of time spent on the job performing the function, the consequences of not requiring employees to perform the function, the terms of a collective bargaining agreement, the work experiences of past incumbents in the job, and the current work experience of incumbents in similar jobs.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Atkins v. City of Los Angeles<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 8 Cal.App.5th 696, 717\u2013718 [214 Cal.Rptr.3d 113].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe trial court\u2019s essential functions finding is also supported by the evidence presented by defendant corresponding to the seven categories of evidence listed in [Government Code] section 12926(f)(2). \u2018Usually no one listed factor will be dispositive\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lui, supra,<\/span>\u00a0211 Cal.App.4th at p. 977.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe question whether plaintiffs could perform the essential functions of a position to which they sought reassignment is relevant to a claim for failure to accommodate under section 12940, subdivision (m), and to a claim for failure to engage in the interactive process under section 12940, subdivision (n).\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Atkins, supra,<\/span>\u00a08 Cal.App.5th at p. 717.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe identification of essential job functions is a \u2018highly fact-specific inquiry.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lui, supra,<\/span>\u00a0211 Cal.App.4th at p. 971.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt is clear that plaintiff bore the burden of proving \u2018that he or she is a qualified individual under the FEHA (i.e., that he or she can perform the essential functions of the job with or without reasonable accommodation).\u2019 It is less clear whether that burden included the burden of proving what the essential functions of the position are, rather than just plaintiff\u2019s ability to perform the essential functions. Under the ADA, a number of federal decisions have held that \u2018[a]lthough the plaintiff bears the ultimate burden of persuading the fact finder that he can perform the job\u2019s essential functions,\u2009\u2026\u2009\u201can employer who disputes the plaintiff\u2019s claim that he can perform the essential functions must put forth evidence establishing those functions.\u201d [Citation.]\u2019 \u2026 Arguably, plaintiff\u2019s burden of proving he is a qualified individual includes the burden of proving which duties are essential functions of the positions he seeks. Ultimately, we need not and do not decide in the present case which party bore the burden of proof on the issue at trial\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lui, supra,<\/span>\u00a0211 Cal.App.4th at pp. 972\u2013973, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[R]equiring employers to eliminate an essential function of a job to accommodate a disabled employee \u2018would be at odds with the definition of the employee\u2019s prima facie case\u2019 under FEHA. The employee\u2019s burden includes \u2018showing he or she can perform the essential functions of the job with accommodation, not that an essential function can be eliminated altogether to suit his or her restrictions.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Atkins, supra,<\/span>\u00a08 Cal.App.5th at p. 720.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>8 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Constitutional Law, \u00a7\u00a7\u20091045\u20131049<\/div>\n<div>Chin et al., California Practice Guide: Employment Litigation, Ch. 9-C,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">California Fair Employment and Housing Act (FEHA)<\/span>, \u00b6\u00b6\u20099:2247, 9:2247.1, 9:2247.2, 9:2402\u20139:2402.1 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>1 Wrongful Employment Termination Practice (Cont.Ed.Bar 2d ed.) Discrimination Claims, \u00a7\u20092.79<\/div>\n<div>2\u00a0Wilcox, California Employment Law, Ch. 41,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Substantive Requirements Under Equal Employment Opportunity Laws<\/span>, \u00a7\u200941.97[1]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>11\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 115,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Civil Rights: Employment Discrimination<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009115.22,\u00a0115.54,\u00a0115.104\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Civil Practice: Employment Litigation \u00a7\u20092:86 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7auowr-70e152e12fb4d14f11869748830ec26f hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-64fk23-f2f421f11c4a6ece3b0b2b6a1dc42de2\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-64fk23-f2f421f11c4a6ece3b0b2b6a1dc42de2 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-64fk23-f2f421f11c4a6ece3b0b2b6a1dc42de2 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1355","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 2543 Disability Discrimination\u2014\u201cEssential Job Duties\u201d Explained (Gov. 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