{"id":1463,"date":"2021-10-25T03:51:39","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:51:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1463"},"modified":"2022-05-05T18:38:56","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T18:38:56","slug":"caci-2740-violation-of-equal-pay-act-essential-factual-elements-lab-code-%c2%a7-1197-5","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-2740-violation-of-equal-pay-act-essential-factual-elements-lab-code-%c2%a7-1197-5\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 2740 Violation of Equal Pay Act\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, \u00a7\u20091197.5)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuurmfkf-a4cf1cac5c2b15efbf9e671c24dd2318\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kuurmfkf-a4cf1cac5c2b15efbf9e671c24dd2318{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kuurmfkf-a4cf1cac5c2b15efbf9e671c24dd2318 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kuurmfkf-a4cf1cac5c2b15efbf9e671c24dd2318 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kuurmfkf-a4cf1cac5c2b15efbf9e671c24dd2318 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 2740 Violation of Equal Pay Act\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, \u00a7\u20091197.5)<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuurnjto-50f1864536da0ba8507e22052939daeb\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kuurnjto-50f1864536da0ba8507e22052939daeb .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kuurnjto-50f1864536da0ba8507e22052939daeb '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">2740\u00a0Violation of Equal Pay Act\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, \u00a7\u20091197.5)<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was paid at a wage rate that is less than the rate paid to employees of [the opposite sex\/another race\/another ethnicity]. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was paid less than the rate paid to [a] person[s] of [the opposite sex\/another race\/another ethnicity] working for [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was performing substantially similar work as the other person[s], considering the overall combination of skill, effort, and responsibility required; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was working under similar working conditions as the other person[s]. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New May 2018; Revised January 2019, November 2019, May 2020 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>The California Equal Pay Act prohibits paying employees at lower wage rates than rates paid to employees of the opposite sex or a different race or ethnicity for substantially similar work. (Lab. Code, \u00a7\u20091197.5(a),\u00a0(b).) An employee receiving less than the wage to which the employee is entitled may bring a civil action to recover the balance of the wages, including interest, and an equal amount as liquidated damages. Costs and attorney fees may also be awarded. (Lab. Code, \u00a7\u20091197.5(h).) There is no requirement that an employee show discriminatory intent as an element of the claim. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Green v. Par Pools, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2003) 111 Cal.App.4th 620, 622\u2013625, 629 [3 Cal.Rptr.3d 844].)<\/p>\n<p>This instruction presents singular and plural options for the comparator, the employee or employees whose pay and work are being compared to the plaintiff\u2019s to establish a violation of the Equal Pay Act. The statute refers to\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">employees<\/span>\u00a0of the opposite sex or different race or ethnicity. There is language in cases, however, that suggests that a single comparator (e.g., one woman to one man) is sufficient. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hall v. County of Los Angeles<\/span>\u00a0(2007) 148 Cal.App.4th 318, 324 [55 Cal.Rptr.3d 732]\u00a0[plaintiff had to show that she is paid lower wages than\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">a male comparator<\/span>, italics added];\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Green, supra,<\/span>\u00a0111 Cal.App.4th at p. 628\u00a0[plaintiff in a section 1197.5 action must first show that the employer paid\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">a male employee<\/span>\u00a0more than a female employee for equal work, italics added].) No California case has expressly so held, however.<\/p>\n<p>There are a number of defenses that the employer may assert to defend what appears to be an improper pay differential. (Lab. Code, \u00a7\u20091197.5(a),\u00a0(b).) See\u00a0CACI No. 2741,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Affirmative Defense\u2014Different Pay Justified,<\/span>\u00a0and\u00a0CACI No. 2742,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bona Fide Factor Other Than Sex, Race, or Ethnicity<\/span>, for instructions on the employer\u2019s affirmative defenses. (See\u00a0Lab. Code, \u00a7\u20091197.5(a)(1),\u00a0(b)(1).) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Right to Equal Pay Based on Gender, Race, or Ethnicity.\u00a0Labor Code section 1197.5(a),\u00a0(b).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Private Right of Action to Enforce Equal Pay Claim.\u00a0Labor Code section 1197.5(h).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThis section was intended to codify the principle that an employee is entitled to equal pay for equal work without regard to gender.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jones v. Tracy School Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(1980) 27 Cal.3d 99, 104 [165 Cal.Rptr. 100, 611 P.2d 441].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cTo establish her prima facie case, [plaintiff] had to show not only that she is paid lower wages than a male comparator for equal work, but that she has selected the proper comparator. \u2018The EPA does not require perfect diversity between the comparison classes, but at a certain point, when the challenged policy effects [<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">sic<\/span>] both male and female employees equally, there can be no EPA violation. [Citation.] [A plaintiff] cannot make a comparison of one classification composed of males and females with another classification of employees also composed of males and females.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hall, supra,<\/span>\u00a0148 Cal.App.4th at pp. 324\u2013325.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he plaintiff in a section 1197.5 action must first show that the employer paid a male employee more than a female employee \u2018\u2009\u201cfor equal work on jobs the performance of which requires equal skill, effort, and responsibility, and which are performed under similar working conditions.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Green, supra,<\/span>\u00a0111 Cal.App.4th at p. 628.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>3 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Agency and Employment, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009355 et seq., 430, 431<\/div>\n<div>Chin et al., California Practice Guide: Employment Litigation, Ch. 11-G,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Compensation\u2014Wage Discrimination,<\/span>\u00a0\u00b6\u200911:1075 et seq. (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>3\u00a0Wilcox, California Employment Law, Ch. 43,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Civil Actions Under Equal Employment Opportunity Laws<\/span>, \u00a7\u200943.02\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>21\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 250, Employment Law:\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wage and Hour Disputes,<\/span>\u00a0\u00a7\u2009250.14 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7dg56v-12ff898573aa41eddf83cf05b3490bd9 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6kiown-3e1d7eb654ffa1873979d05f8dce1be4\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-6kiown-3e1d7eb654ffa1873979d05f8dce1be4 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-6kiown-3e1d7eb654ffa1873979d05f8dce1be4 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1463","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 2740 Violation of Equal Pay Act\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Lab. 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