{"id":1491,"date":"2021-10-25T03:51:56","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:51:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1491"},"modified":"2022-05-05T20:26:30","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T20:26:30","slug":"caci-2811-co-employees-willful-and-unprovoked-physical-act-of-aggression-essential-factual-elements-lab-code-%c2%a7-3601a1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-2811-co-employees-willful-and-unprovoked-physical-act-of-aggression-essential-factual-elements-lab-code-%c2%a7-3601a1\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 2811 Co-Employee\u2019s Willful and Unprovoked Physical Act of Aggression\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, \u00a7\u20093601(a)(1))"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuusp051-4a29882c3f26b7935f654a5c4467bad5\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kuusp051-4a29882c3f26b7935f654a5c4467bad5{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kuusp051-4a29882c3f26b7935f654a5c4467bad5 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kuusp051-4a29882c3f26b7935f654a5c4467bad5 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kuusp051-4a29882c3f26b7935f654a5c4467bad5 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 2811 Co-Employee\u2019s Willful and Unprovoked Physical Act of Aggression\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, \u00a7\u20093601(a)(1))<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuusq4iy-c3aae49831120419a3301384f6af48aa\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kuusq4iy-c3aae49831120419a3301384f6af48aa .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kuusq4iy-c3aae49831120419a3301384f6af48aa '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">2811\u00a0Co-Employee\u2019s Willful and Unprovoked Physical Act of Aggression\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, \u00a7\u20093601(a)(1))<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed because [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] assaulted [him\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert one of the following:<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[engaged in physical conduct that a reasonable person would perceive to be a real, present and apparent threat of bodily harm;]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[touched [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [or caused [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] to be touched] in a harmful or offensive manner;]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert other act of physical aggression<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct was unprovoked;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] intended to harm [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction is intended for use in cases where a co-employee is the defendant and the plaintiff alleges that the case falls outside of the workers\u2019 compensation exclusivity rule. If this instruction is used, do not use standard tort instructions on assault and battery. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Exclusive Remedy: Exception for Coemployee\u2019s Willful and Unprovoked Physical Act.\u00a0Labor Code section 3601(a)(1).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAs relevant here, a civil suit is permissible when an employee proximately causes another employee\u2019s injury or death by a \u2018willful and unprovoked physical act of aggression\u2019 or by intoxication. If an employee brings a lawsuit against a coemployee based on either of these exceptions, the employer is not \u2018held liable, directly or indirectly, for damages awarded against, or for a liability incurred by the other employee\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u2019 This provision is consistent with the view that a coemployee is immune from suit to the extent necessary to prevent an end-run against the employer under the exclusivity rule. \u2018It is self-evident that\u00a0Labor Code section 3601\u00a0did not establish or create a new right or cause of action in the employee but severely limited a preexisting right to freely sue a fellow employee for damages.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Torres v. Parkhouse Tire Service, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2001) 26 Cal.4th 995, 1002 [111 Cal.Rptr.2d 564, 30 P.3d 57], internal citations and footnotes omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]e conclude an \u2018unprovoked physical act of aggression\u2019 is unprovoked conduct intended to convey an actual, present, and apparent threat of bodily injury. A \u2018threat,\u2019 of course, is commonly understood as \u2018an expression of intention to inflict evil, injury, or damage\u2019 and as \u2018[a] communicated intent to inflict harm or loss on another \u2026\u2009.\u2019 Thus, \u2018unprovoked physical act of aggression\u2019 logically contemplates intended injurious conduct. By adding the term \u2018willful,\u2019 the Legislature has underscored the need for an intent to bring about the consequences of that expression, i.e., an intent to inflict injury or harm.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Torres, supra<\/span>, 26 Cal.4th at p. 1005, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAs with other mental states, plaintiffs may rely on circumstantial evidence to prove the intent to injure.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Torres, supra<\/span>, 26 Cal.4th at p. 1009.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]o invoke civil liability under section 3601, subdivision (a)(1), a physical act causing a reasonable fear of harm must be pleaded and proved, but the resulting harm need not also be physical.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Iverson v. Atlas Pacific Engineering<\/span>\u00a0(1983) 143 Cal.App.3d 219, 225 [191 Cal.Rptr. 696].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe agree that conduct constituting a common law assault may be actionable under section 3601(a)(1), provided that the conduct was intended to injure \u2026\u2009.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Soares v. City of Oakland<\/span>\u00a0(1992) 9 Cal.App.4th 1822, 1829 [12 Cal.Rptr.2d 405].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn general, if an employer condones what courts have described as \u2018horseplay\u2019 among its employees, an employee who engages in it is within the scope of employment under section 3601, subdivision (a), and is thus immune from suit, unless exceptions apply.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Torres, supra<\/span>, 26 Cal.4th at p. 1006, internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>2 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Workers\u2019 Compensation, \u00a7\u00a7\u200973, 74<\/div>\n<div>Chin et al., California Practice Guide: Employment Litigation, Ch. 5(I)-F,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Intentional Interference with Contract or Prospective Economic Advantage<\/span>, \u00b6\u2009 5:624 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>Chin et al., California Practice Guide: Employment Litigation, Ch. 13-I,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Collateral (Non-OSHA) Actions Relating to Occupational Safety and Health<\/span>, \u00b6\u00b6\u200913:951, 13:962 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>Chin et al., California Practice Guide: Employment Litigation, Ch. 15-F,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">California Workers\u2019 Compensation Act Preemption<\/span>, \u00b6\u00b6\u2009 15:546, 15:569, 15:632 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>1 Herlick, California Workers\u2019 Compensation Law (6th ed.), Ch. 12,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Tort Actions\u2014Subrogation<\/span>, \u00a7\u200912.22 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1\u00a0California Employment Law, Ch. 20,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Liability for Work-Related Injuries<\/span>, \u00a7\u200920.43\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 10,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Effect of Workers\u2019 Compensation Law<\/span>, \u00a7\u200910.13\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>51\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 577,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Workers\u2019 Compensation<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009577.316\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>23\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 239,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Workers\u2019 Compensation Exclusive Remedy Doctrine<\/span>\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-85m5ub-5ade019a6cf5b51c730d187e866532e1 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-iv1lf-a5e6c27ac15a3f06efd1b1648660df39\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-iv1lf-a5e6c27ac15a3f06efd1b1648660df39 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-iv1lf-a5e6c27ac15a3f06efd1b1648660df39 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1491","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 2811 Co-Employee\u2019s Willful and Unprovoked Physical Act of Aggression\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Lab. 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