{"id":1494,"date":"2021-10-25T03:51:56","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:51:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1494"},"modified":"2022-05-05T20:24:15","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T20:24:15","slug":"caci-2804-removal-or-noninstallation-of-power-press-guards-essential-factual-elements-lab-code-%c2%a7-4558","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-2804-removal-or-noninstallation-of-power-press-guards-essential-factual-elements-lab-code-%c2%a7-4558\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 2804 Removal or Noninstallation of Power Press Guards\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, \u00a7\u20094558)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuusk40j-289a290bb0fb1932adaed91b65680222\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kuusk40j-289a290bb0fb1932adaed91b65680222{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kuusk40j-289a290bb0fb1932adaed91b65680222 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kuusk40j-289a290bb0fb1932adaed91b65680222 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kuusk40j-289a290bb0fb1932adaed91b65680222 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 2804 Removal or Noninstallation of Power Press Guards\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, \u00a7\u20094558)<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuuslk38-ea9333017bb11933ffa11ac93bcf71b2\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kuuslk38-ea9333017bb11933ffa11ac93bcf71b2 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kuuslk38-ea9333017bb11933ffa11ac93bcf71b2 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">2804\u00a0Removal or Noninstallation of Power Press Guards\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, \u00a7\u20094558)<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">A \u201cpower press\u201d is a machine that forms materials with a die in the manufacture of other products. A \u201cdie\u201d is a tool that imparts shape to material by pressing against or through the material. A \u201cguard\u201d is any device that keeps a worker\u2019s hands or other parts of the body outside the point of operation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed because [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [removed\/failed to install] guards on a power press. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s [employer\/supervisor];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was injured while operating a power press;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] gave an affirmative instruction to [remove\/not install] the guards before [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s injury;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That when [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] did so, [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] knew that the lack of guards would create a probability of serious injury or death;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the power press\u2019s [designer\/fabricator\/assembler] [designed the press with guards\/installed guards on the press\/required guards be attached\/specified that guards be attached] and directly or indirectly conveyed this information to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">6.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s [removal\/failure to install] the guards was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised December 2011 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction is for use if the plaintiff alleges that the claim for injury or death falls outside of the workers\u2019 compensation exclusivity rule because the employer removed or failed to install power press guards. (See\u00a0Lab. Code \u00a7\u20094558.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Exclusive Remedy: Power-Press Guard Exception.\u00a0Labor Code section 4558.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe obvious legislative intent and purpose in section 4558 is to protect workers from employers who wilfully remove or fail to install appropriate guards on large power tools. Many of these power tools are run by large mechanical motors or hydraulically.\u2009\u2026 These sorts of machines are difficult to stop while they are in their sequence of operation. Without guards, workers are susceptible to extremely serious injuries. For this reason, the Legislature passed section 4558, subdivision (b), which subjects employers to legal liability for removing guards from powerful machinery where the manufacturer has designed the machine to have a protective guard while in operation.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">LeFiell Manufacturing Co. v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(2014) 228 Cal.App.4th 883, 892 [175 Cal.Rptr.3d 894].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA cause of action under section 4558 includes the following elements: (a) that the injury or death is proximately caused by the employer\u2019s knowing removal of, or knowing failure to install, a point of operation guard on a power press; and (b) that this removal or failure to install is specifically authorized by the employer under conditions known by the employer to create a probability of serious injury or death.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Saldana v. Globe-Weis Systems Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1991) 233 Cal.App.3d 1505, 1516 [285 Cal.Rptr. 385].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA power press is \u2018any material-forming machine that utilizes a die which is designed for use in the manufacture of other products.\u2019 \u2018This definition entails four elements. The power press itself is a machine. It is a machine that forms materials. The formation of materials is effectuated with a die. Finally, the materials being formed with the die are being formed in the manufacture of other products.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">LeFiell, supra<\/span>, 228 Cal.App.4th at p. 893.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe meaning of the term \u2018point of operation guard\u2019 in section 4558 is a legal question.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">LeFiell, supra<\/span>, 228 Cal.App.4th at p. 893.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he type of injury excluded from the workers\u2019 compensation system in section 4558 arises from the inherent danger to hands and other body parts at the point in which the die shapes the material in the absence of guards or safety devices.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">LeFiell, supra<\/span>, 228 Cal.App.4th at p. 897.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cLimiting the definition of \u2018point of operation guard\u2019 to the area where the die forms the material on a power press is consistent with the legislative purpose in enacting section 4558.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">LeFiell, supra<\/span>, 228 Cal.App.4th at p. 895.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cFrom the plain language of section 4558, it is clear that an exception to the exclusivity of workers\u2019 compensation only arises for a power press injury where the employer has been expressly informed by the manufacturer that a point of operation guard is required, where the employer then affirmatively removes or fails to install such guard, and where the employer does so under conditions known by the employer to create a probability of serious injury or death. Absent facts which would establish the employer\u2019s knowledge or action regarding the absence of a point of operation guard on a power press, the incident would not come within the exception of section 4558, and an employee would not be entitled to bring \u2018an action at law for damages\u2019 arising from the power press injury. If such action cannot be brought on its own where the facts fail to establish all the elements of the power press exception under section 4558, it follows that individual causes of action against an employer which do not meet the requirements of section 4558 cannot be bootstrapped onto a civil action for damages which is properly brought under section 4558.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Award Metals, Inc. v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(1991) 228 Cal.App.3d 1128, 1134 [279 Cal.Rptr. 459].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn all its pertinent uses, then, the term \u2018die\u2019 refers to a tool that imparts shape to material by pressing or impacting against or through the material, that is, by punching, stamping or extruding; in none of its uses does the term refer to a tool that imparts shape by cutting along the material in the manner of a blade.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Rosales v. Depuy Ace Medical Co.<\/span>\u00a0(2000) 22 Cal.4th 279, 285 [92 Cal.Rptr.2d 465, 991 P.2d 1256].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[U]nder subdivisions (a)(2) and (c), liability for \u2018failure to install\u2019 a point of operation guard under section 4558 must be predicated upon evidence that the \u2018manufacturer\u2019 either provided or required such a device, which was not installed by the employer.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Flowmaster, Inc. v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(1993) 16 Cal.App.4th 1019, 1027 [20 Cal.Rptr.2d 666].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe find that the term guard, as used in section 4558, is meant to include the myriad apparatus which are available to accomplish the purpose of keeping the hands of workers outside the point of operation whenever the ram is capable of descending. Because we find that the term guard is not a specific legal term of art, we hold that the trial court properly provided the jury with a dictionary definition of the term guard to explain its meaning under section 4558.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bingham v. CTS Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(1991) 231 Cal.App.3d 56, 65 [282 Cal.Rptr. 161], internal citation omitted; cf.\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Gonzalez v. Seal Methods, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2014) 223 Cal.App.4th 405, 410 [166 Cal.Rptr.3d 895]\u00a0[point of operation guard does not include unattached device, such as a safety block, that the worker moves into and out of the point of operation].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cPhysical removal, for the purpose of liability under section 4558, means to render a safeguarding apparatus, whether a device or point of operation guard, dysfunctional or unavailable for use by the operator for the particular task assigned.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bingham, supra<\/span>, 231 Cal.App.3d at p. 68.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cNothing in the language, history or objectives underlying section 4558 convinces us that the Legislature intended that section 4558 would immunize employers who design, manufacture and install their own power presses without point of operation guards. A manufacturer is defined broadly in section 4558 as a \u2018designer, fabricator, or assembler of a power press.\u2019 An \u2018employer\u2019 is not excluded from the definition of a manufacturer, nor would doing so promote the objectives of the statute.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Flowmaster, Inc., supra<\/span>, 16 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1029\u20131030, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe element of knowledge requires \u2018actual awareness\u2019 by the employer\u2014rather than merely constructive knowledge\u2014that a point of operation guard has either been provided for or is required to prevent the probability of serious injury or death.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Flowmaster, Inc., supra<\/span>, 16 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1031\u20131032, internal citation and footnote omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cLiability under section 4558 can only be imposed if the employer fails to use or removes a safety device required by the manufacturer of the press. Essentially, the culpable conduct is the employer\u2019s ignoring of the manufacturer\u2019s safety directive \u2026\u2009. \u2018From the plain language of section 4558, it is clear that an exception to the exclusivity of workers\u2019 compensation only arises for a power press injury where the employer has been expressly informed by the manufacturer that a point of operation guard is required, where the employer then affirmatively removes or fails to install such guard, and where the employer does so under conditions known by the employer to create a probability of serious injury or death.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Aguilera v. Henry Soss &amp; Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1996) 42 Cal.App.4th 1724, 1730 [50 Cal.Rptr.2d 477], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAs defined in the statute, \u2018specifically authorized\u2019 requires an \u2018affirmative instruction\u2019 by the employer, as distinguished from mere acquiescence in or ratification of an act or omission.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mora v. Hollywood Bed &amp; Spring<\/span>\u00a0(2008) 164 Cal.App.4th 1061, 1068 [79 Cal.Rptr.3d 640].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cSpecific authorization demands evidence of an affirmative instruction or other wilful acts on the part of the employer despite actual knowledge of the probability of serious harm.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Flowmaster, Inc., supra<\/span>, 16 Cal.App.4th at p. 1032, internal citation and footnote omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]mputation solely because of an agency relationship cannot bring an employer within the reach of section 4558. Only an employer who directly authorized by an affirmative instruction the removal or failure to install a guard may be sued at law under section 4558.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Watters Associates v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(1990) 218 Cal.App.3d 1322, 1325 [267 Cal.Rptr. 696].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>2 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Workers\u2019 Compensation, \u00a7\u00a7\u200955\u201357, 108<\/div>\n<div>Chin et al., California Practice Guide: Employment Litigation, Ch. 13-I,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Collateral (Non-OSHA) Actions Relating To Occupational Safety And Health<\/span>, \u00b6\u2009 13:953 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>Chin et al., California Practice Guide: Employment Litigation, Ch. 15-F,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">California Workers\u2019 Compensation Act Preemption<\/span>, \u00b6\u2009 15:572 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>1 Herlick, California Workers\u2019 Compensation Law (6th ed.), Ch. 12,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Tort Actions\u2014Subrogation<\/span>, \u00a7\u200912.20 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1\u00a0California Employment Law, Ch. 20,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Liability for Work-Related Injuries<\/span>, \u00a7\u200920.12[1][e]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 10,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Effect of Workers\u2019 Compensation Law<\/span>, \u00a7\u200910.11[1][f]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>51\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 577,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Workers\u2019 Compensation<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009577.314[5]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>23\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 239,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Workers\u2019 Compensation Exclusive Remedy Doctrine,<\/span>\u00a0\u00a7\u00a7\u2009239.24,\u00a0239.41\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-818ety-0e0863ad5a1b103070451c88e60549c9 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6c971y-77453290238fd2ed524e2d8a9e475763\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-6c971y-77453290238fd2ed524e2d8a9e475763 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-6c971y-77453290238fd2ed524e2d8a9e475763 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1494","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 2804 Removal or Noninstallation of Power Press Guards\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Lab. 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