{"id":1497,"date":"2021-10-25T03:51:56","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:51:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1497"},"modified":"2022-05-05T20:20:50","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T20:20:50","slug":"caci-2801-employers-willful-physical-assault-essential-factual-elements-lab-code-%c2%a7-3602b1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-2801-employers-willful-physical-assault-essential-factual-elements-lab-code-%c2%a7-3602b1\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 2801 Employer\u2019s Willful Physical Assault\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, \u00a7\u20093602(b)(1))"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuusbrd6-2fb740221bff4c4183b39ef68cd5f4d3\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kuusbrd6-2fb740221bff4c4183b39ef68cd5f4d3{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kuusbrd6-2fb740221bff4c4183b39ef68cd5f4d3 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kuusbrd6-2fb740221bff4c4183b39ef68cd5f4d3 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kuusbrd6-2fb740221bff4c4183b39ef68cd5f4d3 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 2801 Employer\u2019s Willful Physical Assault\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, \u00a7\u20093602(b)(1))<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuusfs0f-112783cd170311d73f70d222c0a6d665\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kuusfs0f-112783cd170311d73f70d222c0a6d665 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kuusfs0f-112783cd170311d73f70d222c0a6d665 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">2801\u00a0Employer\u2019s Willful Physical Assault\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Lab. Code, \u00a7\u20093602(b)(1))<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed because [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] assaulted [him\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert one of the following:<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[engaged in physical conduct that a reasonable person would perceive to be a real, present, and apparent threat of bodily harm;]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[touched [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [or caused [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] to be touched] in a harmful or offensive manner];<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] intended to harm [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction is intended for use in cases in which the employer is the defendant and the plaintiff alleges the case falls outside of the workers\u2019 compensation exclusivity rule. Use the first bracketed option in element 1 for cases involving assault. Use the second bracketed option for cases involving battery.<\/p>\n<p>Do not use instructions on assault and battery (CACI No.\u20021300,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Battery\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>, and\u00a0CACI No.\u20021301,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Assault\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>). For an instruction on ratification, see\u00a0CACI No.\u20023710,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ratification. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Exclusive Remedy: Willful Physical Assault Exception.\u00a0Labor Code section 3602(b)(1).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he 1982 amendments were not intended to provide an exhaustive list of exceptions to the exclusivity rule. They did not, for example, foreclose the recognition of an exception for injuries stemming from wrongful discharges that violated public policy, an issue that neither the Legislature nor the judicial system had confronted in 1982. Section 3602 only applies \u2018[w]here the conditions \u2026 set forth in section 3600 concur,\u2019 and does not purport to resolve the ambiguities in that latter section discussed above, nor to definitively delineate the scope of the compensation bargain that has been the key to construing the meaning of section 3600. Rather, section 3602 merely confirms the judicial recognition of certain types of employer acts as outside the compensation bargain, even as it reinforces the exclusivity rule by repealing the dual capacity doctrine.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fermino v. Fedco, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1994) 7 Cal.4th 701, 720 [30 Cal.Rptr.2d 18, 872 P.2d 559], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[In\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Magliulo v. Superior Court<\/span>,] [t]he employee sued the employer for assault and battery, and the court rejected the employer\u2019s argument that workers\u2019 compensation benefits were the exclusive remedy. The court noted that section 3601 allowed lawsuits for assaults by coemployees, and reasoned that \u2018[i]f the employee can recover both compensation and damages caused by an intentional assault by a fellow worker, he should have no less right because the fellow worker happens to be his boss.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Soares v. City of Oakland<\/span>\u00a0(1992) 9 Cal.App.4th 1822, 1826 [12 Cal.Rptr.2d 405], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cSection 3602(b)(1) was enacted in 1982, 23 years after enactment of section 3601, subdivision (a)(1), to codify the result in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Magliulo v. Superior Court<\/span>.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Soares, supra<\/span>, 9 Cal.App.4th at p. 1826, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe conclude \u2026 that \u2018willful\u2019 employer assaults within the meaning of section 3602(b)(1) do not include all common law batteries, but only those batteries that are specifically intended to injure.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Soares, supra<\/span>, 9 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1828\u20131829.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018The modern view respecting actionable intentional misconduct by the employer is that it must be alleged and proved that the employer \u201cacted deliberately with the specific intent to injure\u201d the employee.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Arendell v. Auto Parts Club, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1994) 29 Cal.App.4th 1261, 1265 [35 Cal.Rptr.2d 83], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[B]odily contact is not necessary for a physical assault.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Herrick v. Quality Hotels, Inns &amp; Resorts, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1993) 19 Cal.App.4th 1608, 1617 [24 Cal.Rptr.2d 203].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Herrick<\/span>\u00a0explained that bodily contact was not necessary for a \u2018physical assault,\u2019 but that physical assault occurred when someone engaged in physical conduct which a reasonable person would perceive to be a real, present and apparent threat of bodily harm.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Gunnell v. Metrocolor Laboratories, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2001) 92 Cal.App.4th 710, 728 [112 Cal.Rptr.2d 195], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]e conclude that the exception to the exclusivity rule contained in section 3602, subdivision (b)(1), does not authorize a civil action against an employer for injury resulting from the willful assault of a coemployee based on a theory of respondeat superior.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fretland v. County of Humboldt<\/span>\u00a0(1999) 69 Cal.App.4th 1478, 1489 [82 Cal.Rptr.2d 359].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[C]ourts have also recognized that an employer can be held civilly liable as a joint participant in assaultive conduct committed by its employee pursuant to the doctrine of ratification.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fretland, supra<\/span>, 69 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1489\u20131490.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>2 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Workers\u2019 Compensation, \u00a7\u200949<\/div>\n<div>Chin et al., California Practice Guide: Employment Litigation, Ch. 5(I)-F,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Intentional Interference with Contract or Prospective Economic Advantage<\/span>, \u00b6\u00b6\u2009 5:655, 5:656\u20135:657, 15:527, 15:566\u201315:567, 15:570\u201315:571 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>1 Herlick, California Workers\u2019 Compensation Law (6th ed.), Ch. 12,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Tort Actions\u2014Subrogation<\/span>, \u00a7\u200912.20 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1\u00a0California Employment Law, Ch. 20,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Liability for Work-Related Injuries<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u200920.12[1][b],\u00a020.41\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>51\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 577,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Workers\u2019 Compensation<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009577.17,\u00a0577.314[2]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>23\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 239,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Workers\u2019 Compensation Exclusive Remedy Doctrine<\/span>\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-t0ww9-47c2d621cea33344016d233d6d3b6af8 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6hogdl-33c49142a631237dac70311a2bf24cb1\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-6hogdl-33c49142a631237dac70311a2bf24cb1 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-6hogdl-33c49142a631237dac70311a2bf24cb1 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1497","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 2801 Employer\u2019s Willful Physical Assault\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Lab. 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