{"id":1553,"date":"2021-10-25T03:52:15","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:52:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1553"},"modified":"2022-05-05T20:53:15","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T20:53:15","slug":"caci-3025-affirmative-defense-consent-to-search","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3025-affirmative-defense-consent-to-search\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3025 Affirmative Defense\u2014Consent to Search"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuv3f0in-e81e0104087004de8b5e5b140ccd4143\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kuv3f0in-e81e0104087004de8b5e5b140ccd4143{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kuv3f0in-e81e0104087004de8b5e5b140ccd4143 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kuv3f0in-e81e0104087004de8b5e5b140ccd4143 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kuv3f0in-e81e0104087004de8b5e5b140ccd4143 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 3025 Affirmative Defense\u2014Consent to Search<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuv3g6sv-341166304e14193d1a9f8ba39db67cb3\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kuv3g6sv-341166304e14193d1a9f8ba39db67cb3 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kuv3g6sv-341166304e14193d1a9f8ba39db67cb3 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3025\u00a0Affirmative Defense\u2014Consent to Search<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that the search was reasonable and that a search warrant was not required because [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff\/third person<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] consented to the search. To succeed, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove both of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of third person<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], who controlled or reasonably appeared to have control of the area,] knowingly and voluntarily consented to the search; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the search was reasonable under all of the circumstances.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of third person<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s consent is insufficient if [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was physically present and expressly refused to consent to the search.]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">In deciding whether the search was reasonable, you should consider, among other factors, the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(a)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The extent of the particular intrusion;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(b)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The place in which the search was conducted; [and]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(c)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The manner in which the search was conducted; [and]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(d)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert other applicable factor(s)<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised April 2009; Renumbered from CACI No. 3005 December 2012 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give the optional paragraph after element 2 if the defendant relied on the consent of someone other than the plaintiff to initiate the search. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Georgia v. Randolph<\/span>\u00a0(2006) 547 U.S. 103, 106 [126 S.Ct. 1515, 164 L.Ed.2d 208].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe\u00a0Fourth Amendment\u00a0generally prohibits the warrantless entry of a person\u2019s home, whether to make an arrest or to search for specific objects. The prohibition does not apply, however, to situations in which voluntary consent has been obtained, either from the individual whose property is searched or from a third party who possesses common authority over the premises.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Illinois v. Rodriguez<\/span>\u00a0(1990) 497 U.S. 177, 181 [110 S.Ct. 2793, 111 L.Ed.2d 148], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[C]ommon authority\u2019 rests \u2018on mutual use of the property by persons generally having joint access or control for most purposes \u2026\u2009.\u2019 The burden of establishing that common authority rests upon the State.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Illinois v. Rodriguez, supra,<\/span>\u00a0497 U.S. at p. 181, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe\u00a0Fourth Amendment\u00a0recognizes a valid warrantless entry and search of premises when police obtain the voluntary consent of an occupant who shares, or is reasonably believed to share, authority over the area in common with a co-occupant who later objects to the use of evidence so obtained. The question here is whether such an evidentiary seizure is likewise lawful with the permission of one occupant when the other, who later seeks to suppress the evidence, is present at the scene and expressly refuses to consent. We hold that, in the circumstances here at issue, a physically present co-occupant\u2019s stated refusal to permit entry prevails, rendering the warrantless search unreasonable and invalid as to him.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Georgia, supra,<\/span>\u00a0547 U.S. at p. 106, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhere consent is relied upon to justify the lawfulness of a search, the government \u2018has the burden of proving that the consent was, in fact, freely and voluntarily given.\u2019 \u2018The issue of whether or not consent to search was freely and voluntarily given is one of fact to be determined on the basis of the totality of the circumstances.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">U.S. v. Henry<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 1980) 615 F.2d 1223, 1230, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhether consent was voluntarily given \u2018is to be determined from the totality of all the circumstances.\u2019 We consider the following factors to assess whether the consent was voluntary: (1) whether the person was in custody; (2) whether the officers had their guns drawn; (3) whether a Miranda warning had been given; (4) whether the person was told that he had the right not to consent; and (5) whether the person was told that a search warrant could be obtained. Although no one factor is determinative in the equation, \u2018many of this court\u2019s decisions upholding consent as voluntary are supported by at least several of the factors.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">U.S. v. Reid<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2000) 226 F.3d 1020, 1026\u20131027, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAccording to [defendant], \u2018express refusal means verbal refusal.\u2019 We disagree, as this interpretation finds no support in either common sense or the case law.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bonivert v. City of Clarkston<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2018) 883 F.3d 865, 875.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn determining whether a person consented to an intrusion into her home, we distinguish between \u2018undercover\u2019 entries, where a person invites a government agent who is concealing that he is a government agent into her home, and \u2018ruse\u2019 entries, where a known government agent misrepresents his purpose in seeking entry. The former does not violate the\u00a0Fourth Amendment, as long as the undercover agent does not exceed the scope of his invitation while inside the home. But \u2018[a] ruse entry when the suspect is informed that the person seeking entry is a government agent but is misinformed as to the purpose for which the agent seeks entry cannot be justified by consent.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Whalen v. McMullen<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2018) 907 F.3d 1139, 1146\u20131147, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cBecause he entered the home while using a ruse and not while undercover, it is immaterial that he stayed within [plaintiff]\u2019s presence in the home and did not conduct a broader search. He did not have consent to be in the home for the purposes of his visit.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Whalen<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 907 F.3d at p. 1150.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>8 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Constitutional Law, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009888, 892, 893<\/div>\n<div>11\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 113,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Civil Rights: The Post-Civil War Civil Rights Statutes,<\/span>\u00a0\u00a7\u2009113.14\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7vrv9d-77933f8dbae299d27170b959f9bc55fe hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-69ie01-f3fcc798d207ebd608ae76efae6214dd\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-69ie01-f3fcc798d207ebd608ae76efae6214dd .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-69ie01-f3fcc798d207ebd608ae76efae6214dd '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1553","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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