{"id":1555,"date":"2021-10-25T03:52:15","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:52:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1555"},"modified":"2022-05-05T20:51:57","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T20:51:57","slug":"caci-3023-unreasonable-search-or-seizure-search-or-seizure-without-a-warrant-essential-factual-elements-42-u-s-c-%c2%a7-1983","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3023-unreasonable-search-or-seizure-search-or-seizure-without-a-warrant-essential-factual-elements-42-u-s-c-%c2%a7-1983\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3023 Unreasonable Search or Seizure\u2014Search or Seizure Without a Warrant\u2014Essential Factual Elements (42 U.S.C. \u00a7\u20091983)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuv3bmbn-57e88cca61b49f2bf837c1a3e4245ff8\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kuv3bmbn-57e88cca61b49f2bf837c1a3e4245ff8{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kuv3bmbn-57e88cca61b49f2bf837c1a3e4245ff8 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kuv3bmbn-57e88cca61b49f2bf837c1a3e4245ff8 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kuv3bmbn-57e88cca61b49f2bf837c1a3e4245ff8 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 3023 Unreasonable Search or Seizure\u2014Search or Seizure Without a Warrant\u2014Essential Factual Elements (42 U.S.C. \u00a7\u20091983)<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b 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0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuv3cxur-e4065c354cf38a3be1d4db3d71a346b9\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kuv3cxur-e4065c354cf38a3be1d4db3d71a346b9 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kuv3cxur-e4065c354cf38a3be1d4db3d71a346b9 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3023\u00a0Unreasonable Search or Seizure\u2014Search or Seizure Without a Warrant\u2014Essential Factual Elements (42 U.S.C. \u00a7\u20091983)<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] carried out an unreasonable [search\/seizure] of [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [person\/home\/automobile\/office\/\/property\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert other<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]] because [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] did not have a warrant. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [searched\/seized] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[person\/home\/automobile\/office\/property\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert other<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] did not have a warrant;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was acting or purporting to act in the performance of [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] official duties;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s [search\/seizure] was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Renumbered from CACI No. 3003 December 2012; Revised November 2019 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>The \u201cofficial duties\u201d referred to in element 3 must be duties created pursuant to any state, county, or municipal law, ordinance, or regulation. This aspect of color of law most likely will not be an issue for the jury, so it has been omitted to shorten the wording of element 3. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe\u00a0Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, made applicable to the states by the\u00a0Fourteenth Amendment, provides: \u2018The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Conway v. Pasadena Humane Society<\/span>\u00a0(1996) 45 Cal.App.4th 163, 171 [52 Cal.Rptr.2d 777], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA\u00a0Fourth Amendment\u00a0\u2018search\u2019 occurs when a government agent \u2018obtains information by physically intruding on a constitutionally protected area,\u2019 or infringes upon a \u2018reasonable expectation of privacy,\u2019 As we have explained,\u2009\u2026 \u2018when the government \u201cphysically occupie[s] private property for the purpose of obtaining information,\u201d a\u00a0Fourth Amendment\u00a0search occurs, regardless whether the intrusion violated any reasonable expectation of privacy. Only where the search\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">did not<\/span>\u00a0involve a physical trespass do courts need to consult\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Katz<\/span>\u2019s reasonable-expectation-of-privacy test.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Whalen v. McMullen<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2018) 907 F.3d 1139, 1146\u20131147, original italics, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] seizure conducted without a warrant is\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">per se<\/span>\u00a0unreasonable under the\u00a0Fourth Amendment\u2014subject only to a few specifically established and well-delineated exceptions.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Sandoval v. County of Sonoma<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2018) 912 F.3d 509, 515, original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[F]or the purposes of \u00a7\u20091983, a properly issued warrant makes an officer\u2019s otherwise unreasonable entry non-tortious\u2014that is, not a trespass. Absent a warrant or consent or exigent circumstances, an officer must not enter; it is the entry that constitutes the breach of duty under the\u00a0Fourth Amendment. As a result, the relevant counterfactual for the causation analysis is not what would have happened had the officers procured a warrant, but rather, what would have happened had the officers not unlawfully entered the residence.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mendez v. County of Los Angeles<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2018) 897 F.3d 1067, 1076.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]here is no talismanic distinction, for\u00a0Fourth Amendment\u00a0purposes, between a warrantless \u2018entry\u2019 and a warrantless \u2018search.\u2019 \u2018The two intrusions share this fundamental characteristic: the breach of the entrance to an individual\u2019s home.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bonivert v. City of Clarkston<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2018) 883 F.3d 865, 874.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018The\u00a0Fourth Amendment\u00a0prohibits only unreasonable searches \u2026\u2009. [\u00b6] The test of reasonableness under the\u00a0Fourth Amendment\u00a0is not capable of precise definition or mechanical application. In each case it requires a balancing of the need for the particular search against the invasion of personal rights that the search entails. Courts must consider the scope of the particular intrusion, the manner in which it is conducted, the justification for initiating it, and the place in which it is conducted.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Sacramento County Deputy Sheriffs\u2019 Assn. v. County of Sacramento<\/span>\u00a0(1996) 51 Cal.App.4th 1468, 1477 [59 Cal.Rptr.2d 834], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[I]n justifying the particular intrusion the police officer must be able to point to specific and articulable facts which, taken together with rational inferences from those facts, reasonably warrant that intrusion.\u2019 \u2018And in making that assessment it is imperative that the facts be judged against an objective standard: would the facts available to the officer at the moment of the seizure or the search \u201cwarrant a man of reasonable caution in the belief\u201d that the action taken was appropriate?\u2019 An officer\u2019s good faith is not enough.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">King v. State of California<\/span>\u00a0(2015) 242 Cal.App.4th 265, 283 [195 Cal.Rptr.3d 286], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThus, the fact that the officers\u2019 reasonable suspicion of wrongdoing is not particularized to each member of a group of individuals present at the same location does not automatically mean that a search of the people in the group is unlawful. Rather, the trier of fact must decide whether the search was reasonable in light of the circumstances.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lyall v. City of Los Angeles<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2015) 807 F.3d 1178, 1194.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018It is settled doctrine that probable cause for belief that certain articles subject to seizure are in a dwelling cannot of itself justify a search without a warrant.\u2019 Thus, a warrantless entry into a residence is presumptively unreasonable and therefore unlawful. Government officials \u2018bear a heavy burden when attempting to demonstrate an urgent need that might justify warrantless searches or arrests.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Conway, supra,<\/span>\u00a045 Cal.App.4th at p. 172, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[I]t is a \u201cbasic principle of\u00a0Fourth Amendment\u00a0law\u201d\u2009\u2019 that warrantless searches of the home or the curtilage surrounding the home \u2018are presumptively unreasonable.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bonivert<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 883 F.3d at p. 873.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe\u00a0Fourth Amendment\u00a0shields not only actual owners, but also anyone with sufficient possessory rights over the property searched.\u2009\u2026 To be shielded by the\u00a0Fourth Amendment, a person needs \u2018some joint control and supervision of the place searched,\u2019 not merely permission to be there.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lyall, supra,<\/span>\u00a0807 F.3d at pp. 1186\u20131187.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he\u00a0Fourth Amendment\u2019s\u00a0\u2018prohibition on unreasonable searches and seizures applies to searches conducted by public school officials.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Scott v. County of San Bernardino<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2018) 903 F.3d 943, 948.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe Supreme Court has interpreted the phrase \u2018under \u201ccolor\u201d of law\u2019 to mean \u2018under \u201cpretense\u201d of law.\u2019 A police officer\u2019s actions are under pretense of law only if they are \u2018in some way \u201crelated to the performance of his official duties.\u2019\u2009\u201d By contrast, an officer who is \u2018\u2009\u201cpursuing his own goals and is not in any way subject to control by [his public employer],\u2019\u2009\u201d does not act under color of law, unless he \u2018purports or pretends\u2019 to do so. Officers who engage in confrontations for personal reasons unrelated to law enforcement, and do not \u2018purport[] or pretend[]\u2019 to be officers, do not act under color of law.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Huffman v. County of Los Angeles<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 1998) 147 F.3d 1054, 1058, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[P]rivate parties ordinarily are not subject to suit under section 1983, unless, sifting the circumstances of the particular case, the state has so significantly involved itself in the private conduct that the private parties may fairly be termed state actors. Among the factors considered are whether the state subsidized or heavily regulated the conduct, or compelled or encouraged the particular conduct, whether the private actor was performing a function which normally is performed exclusively by the state, and whether there was a symbiotic relationship rendering the conduct joint state action.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Robbins v. Hamburger Home for Girls<\/span>\u00a0(1995) 32 Cal.App.4th 671, 683 [38 Cal.Rptr.2d 534], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cPrivate parties act under color of state law if they willfully participate in joint action with state officials to deprive others of constitutional rights. Private parties involved in such a conspiracy may be liable under section 1983.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">United Steelworkers of America v. Phelps Dodge Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 1989) 865 F.2d 1539, 1540, internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>8 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Constitutional Law, \u00a7\u2009888, 892, 893<\/div>\n<div>3 Civil Rights Actions, Ch. 10,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Deprivation of Rights Under Color of State Law\u2014Law Enforcement and Prosecution<\/span>, \u00b6\u200910.04 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>11\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 113,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Civil Rights: The Post-Civil War Civil Rights Statutes,<\/span>\u00a0\u00a7\u2009113.14\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7lmutv-4cfd65c438f5e0c259789f37433ecb41 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-la2cz-19dcabe84ef16d14dc071821a8a695bb\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-la2cz-19dcabe84ef16d14dc071821a8a695bb .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-la2cz-19dcabe84ef16d14dc071821a8a695bb '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1555","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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