{"id":1560,"date":"2021-10-25T03:52:15","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:52:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1560"},"modified":"2022-05-05T20:48:19","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T20:48:19","slug":"caci-3004-local-government-liability-act-or-ratification-by-official-with-final-policymaking-authority-essential-factual-elements-42-u-s-c-%c2%a7-1983","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3004-local-government-liability-act-or-ratification-by-official-with-final-policymaking-authority-essential-factual-elements-42-u-s-c-%c2%a7-1983\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3004 Local Government Liability\u2014Act or Ratification by Official With Final Policymaking Authority\u2014Essential Factual Elements (42 U.S.C. \u00a7\u20091983)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuv32wfw-29c05123d62898a5608a3aa1e2fbc5eb\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kuv32wfw-29c05123d62898a5608a3aa1e2fbc5eb{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kuv32wfw-29c05123d62898a5608a3aa1e2fbc5eb .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kuv32wfw-29c05123d62898a5608a3aa1e2fbc5eb .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kuv32wfw-29c05123d62898a5608a3aa1e2fbc5eb av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 3004 Local Government Liability\u2014Act or Ratification by Official With Final Policymaking Authority\u2014Essential Factual Elements (42 U.S.C. \u00a7\u20091983)<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 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type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuv341ln-dd58210a5a631c517d500b53f99c3bef\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kuv341ln-dd58210a5a631c517d500b53f99c3bef .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kuv341ln-dd58210a5a631c517d500b53f99c3bef '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3004\u00a0Local Government Liability\u2014Act or Ratification by Official With Final Policymaking Authority\u2014Essential Factual Elements (42 U.S.C. \u00a7\u20091983)<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was deprived of [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] civil rights as a result of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify alleged unconstitutional conduct, e.g., being denied a parade permit because of the political message of the parade<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of official<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is the person responsible for establishing final policy with respect to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify subject matter, e.g., granting parade permits<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] for [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of local governmental entity<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">].<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">To establish that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of local governmental entity<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is responsible for this deprivation, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s right [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify right violated<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was violated;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of official<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was the person who [either] [actually [made the decision\/committed the acts]\/ [or] later personally ratified the [decision\/acts]] that led to the deprivation of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s civil rights;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of official<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s [acts\/decision] [was\/were] a conscious and deliberate choice to follow a course of action from among various alternatives; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of official<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [[made the decision\/committed the acts]\/ [or] approved the [decision\/acts]] with knowledge of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify facts constituting the alleged unlawful conduct<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of official<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] \u201cratified\u201d the decision if [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] knew the unlawful reason for the decision and personally approved it after it had been made.] <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New December 2010; Renumbered from CACI No. 3010 December 2012 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction if the plaintiff seeks to hold a local governmental entity liable for a civil rights violation based on the acts of an official with final policymaking authority. First give\u00a0CACI No. 3000,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Violation of Federal Civil Rights\u2014In General\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>, and the instructions on the particular constitutional violation alleged.<\/p>\n<p>Liability may be based on either the official\u2019s personal acts or policy decision that led to the violation or the official\u2019s subsequent ratification of the acts or decision of another. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Gillette v. Delmore<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 1992) 979 F.2d 1342, 1346\u20131347.) If both theories are alleged in the alternative, include \u201ceither\u201d in element 1. Include the last paragraph if ratification is alleged.<\/p>\n<p>For other theories of liability against a local governmental entity, see\u00a0CACI No. 3001,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Local Government Liability\u2014Policy or Custom\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>, and\u00a0CACI No. 3003,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Local Government Liability\u2014Failure to Train\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>The court determines whether a person is an official policymaker under state law. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jett v. Dallas Independent School Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(1989) 491 U.S. 701, 737 [109 S.Ct. 2702, 105 L.Ed.2d 598].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] local government may be held liable under \u00a7\u20091983 when \u2018the individual who committed the constitutional tort was an official with final policy-making authority\u2019 or such an official \u2018ratified a subordinate\u2019s unconstitutional decision or action and the basis for it.\u2019\u2009\u2018If the authorized policymakers approve a subordinate\u2019s decision and the basis for it, their ratification would be chargeable to the municipality because their decision is final.\u2019\u2009\u2018There must, however, be evidence of a conscious, affirmative choice\u2019 on the part of the authorized policymaker. A local government can be held liable under \u00a7\u20091983 \u2018only where \u201ca deliberate choice to follow a course of action is made from among various alternatives by the official or officials responsible for establishing final policy with respect to the subject matter in question.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Clouthier v. County of Contra Costa<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2010) 591 F.3d 1232, 1250, overruled en banc on other grounds in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Castro v. County of L.A.<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2016) 833 F.3d 1060, 1070, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cTwo terms ago,\u2009\u2026 we undertook to define more precisely when a decision on a single occasion may be enough to establish an unconstitutional municipal policy.\u2009\u2026 First, a majority of the Court agreed that municipalities may be held liable under \u00a7\u20091983 only for acts for which the municipality itself is actually responsible, \u2018that is, acts which the municipality has officially sanctioned or ordered.\u2019 Second, only those municipal officials who have \u2018final policymaking authority\u2019 may by their actions subject the government to \u00a7\u20091983 liability. Third, whether a particular official has \u2018final policymaking authority\u2019 is a question of state law. Fourth, the challenged action must have been taken pursuant to a policy adopted by the official or officials responsible under state law for making policy in that area of the city\u2019s business.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">St. Louis v. Praprotnik<\/span>\u00a0(1988) 485 U.S. 112, 123 [108 S.Ct. 915, 99 L.Ed.2d 107], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] municipality may be liable for an \u2018isolated constitutional violation when the person causing the violation has final policymaking authority.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Garmon v. County of L.A.<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2016) 828 F.3d 837, 846, internal citation omitted.) \u201cAs with other questions of state law relevant to the application of federal law, the identification of those officials whose decisions represent the official policy of the local governmental unit is itself a legal question to be resolved by the trial judge\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">before<\/span>\u00a0the case is submitted to the jury.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jett, supra<\/span>, 491 U.S. at p. 737, original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cRatification is the voluntary election by a person to adopt in some manner as his own an act which was purportedly done on his behalf by another person, the effect of which, as to some or all persons, is to treat the act as if originally authorized by him.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Rakestraw v. Rodrigues<\/span>\u00a0(1972) 8 Cal.3d 67, 73 [104 Cal.Rptr. 57, 500 P.2d 1401].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[R]atification requires, among other things, knowledge of the alleged constitutional violation.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Christie v. Iopa<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 1999) 176 F.3d 1231, 1239, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] policymaker\u2019s mere refusal to overrule a subordinate\u2019s completed act does not constitute approval.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Christie, supra<\/span>, 176 F.3d at p. 1239.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAt most,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Monell<\/span>\u00a0liability adds an additional defendant, a municipality, to the universe of actors who will be jointly and severally liable for the award.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Choate v. County of Orange<\/span>\u00a0(2000) 86 Cal.App.4th 312, 328 [103 Cal.Rptr.2d 339].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAny damages resulting from a possible\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Monell<\/span>\u00a0claim would result from the same constitutional violation of the warrantless arrest which resulted in nominal damages. Even if [plaintiff] were to prove the City failed to adequately train the police officers, the result would simply be another theory of action concerning the conduct the jury has already determined was not the proximate cause of [plaintiff]\u2019s injuries. [Plaintiff]\u2019s recovery, if any, based upon a\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Monell<\/span>\u00a0claim would be limited to nominal damages.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">George v. Long Beach<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 1992) 973 F.2d 706, 709.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>8 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Constitutional Law, \u00a7\u2009905<\/div>\n<div>17A\u00a0Moore\u2019s Federal Practice (3d ed.), Ch.123,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Access to Courts: Eleventh Amendment and State Sovereign Immunity<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009123.23\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1 Civil Rights Actions, Ch. 2,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Governmental Liability and Immunity<\/span>, \u00b6\u20092.03[2][b] (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>11\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 113,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Civil Rights: The Post-Civil War Civil Rights Statutes<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009113.12\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-78f8x4-8d2ccdffd3748abb7a0327cba0f1035a hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5phd7s-9d2aa780e9110d4a2bf94567bcea1b60\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5phd7s-9d2aa780e9110d4a2bf94567bcea1b60 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5phd7s-9d2aa780e9110d4a2bf94567bcea1b60 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1560","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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