{"id":1562,"date":"2021-10-25T03:52:15","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:52:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1562"},"modified":"2022-05-05T20:48:03","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T20:48:03","slug":"caci-3003-local-government-liability-failure-to-train-essential-factual-elements-42-u-s-c-%c2%a7-1983","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3003-local-government-liability-failure-to-train-essential-factual-elements-42-u-s-c-%c2%a7-1983\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3003 Local Government Liability\u2014Failure to Train\u2014Essential Factual Elements (42 U.S.C. \u00a7\u20091983)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuv316ik-36880ad3b6f029cfae99d4869140ed7d\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kuv316ik-36880ad3b6f029cfae99d4869140ed7d{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kuv316ik-36880ad3b6f029cfae99d4869140ed7d .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kuv316ik-36880ad3b6f029cfae99d4869140ed7d .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kuv316ik-36880ad3b6f029cfae99d4869140ed7d av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 3003 Local Government Liability\u2014Failure to Train\u2014Essential Factual Elements (42 U.S.C. \u00a7\u20091983)<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1 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class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuv32h7t-101f4c5dc8b240802c2ad16bd10dccd7\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kuv32h7t-101f4c5dc8b240802c2ad16bd10dccd7 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kuv32h7t-101f4c5dc8b240802c2ad16bd10dccd7 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3003\u00a0Local Government Liability\u2014Failure to Train\u2014Essential Factual Elements (42 U.S.C. \u00a7\u20091983)<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was deprived of [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] civil rights as a result of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of local governmental entity<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s failure to train its [officers\/employees]. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of local governmental entity<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s training program was not adequate to train its [officers\/employees];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of local governmental entity<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] knew because of a pattern of similar violations[, or it should have been obvious to it,] that the inadequate training program was likely to result in a deprivation of the right [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify right violated<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of officer or employee<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] violated [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s right [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify right<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the failure to provide adequate training was the cause of the deprivation of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s right [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify right<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised December 2010, December 2011; Renumbered from CACI No. 3009 December 2012 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction if the plaintiff seeks to hold a local governmental entity liable for a civil rights violation based on the entity\u2019s failure to adequately train its officers or employees. First give\u00a0CACI No. 3000,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Violation of Federal Civil Rights\u2014In General\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>, and the instructions on the particular constitutional violation alleged.<\/p>\n<p>The inadequate training must amount to a deliberate indifference to constitutional rights. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Clouthier v. County of Contra Costa<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2010) 591 F.3d 1232, 1249, overruled en banc on other grounds in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Castro v. County of L.A.<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2016) 833 F.3d 1060, 1070.) Element 2 expresses this deliberate-indifference standard. Deliberate indifference requires proof of a pattern of violations in all but a few very rare situations in which the unconstitutional consequences of failing to train are patently obvious. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Connick v. Thompson<\/span>\u00a0(2011) 563 U.S. 51, 63 [131 S.Ct. 1350, 179 L.Ed.2d 417].) Delete the bracketed language in element 2 unless the facts present the possibility of liability based on patently obvious violations.<\/p>\n<p>For other theories of liability against a local governmental entity, see\u00a0CACI No. 3001,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Local Government Liability\u2014Policy or Custom\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>, and\u00a0CACI No. 3004,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Local Government Liability\u2014Act or Ratification by Official With Final Policymaking Authority\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Civil Action for Deprivation of Rights. Title\u00a042 United States Code section 1983.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe hold today that the inadequacy of police training may serve as the basis for \u00a7\u20091983 liability only where the failure to train amounts to deliberate indifference to the rights of persons with whom the police come into contact. This rule is most consistent with our admonition in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Monell<\/span>\u00a0and\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Polk County v. Dodson<\/span>, that a municipality can be liable under \u00a7\u20091983 only where its policies are the \u2018moving force [behind] the constitutional violation.\u2019 Only where a municipality\u2019s failure to train its employees in a relevant respect evidences a \u2018deliberate indifference\u2019 to the rights of its inhabitants can such a shortcoming be properly thought of as a city \u2018policy or custom\u2019 that is actionable under \u00a7\u20091983.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">City of Canton v. Harris<\/span>\u00a0(1989) 489 U.S. 378, 388\u2013389 [109 S.Ct. 1197, 103 L.Ed.2d 412], internal citations and footnote omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Canton<\/span>, the Court left open the possibility that, \u2018in a narrow range of circumstances,\u2019 a pattern of similar violations might not be necessary to show deliberate indifference. The Court posed the hypothetical example of a city that arms its police force with firearms and deploys the armed officers into the public to capture fleeing felons without training the officers in the constitutional limitation on the use of deadly force. Given the known frequency with which police attempt to arrest fleeing felons and the \u2018predictability that an officer lacking specific tools to handle that situation will violate citizens\u2019 rights,\u2019 the Court theorized that a city\u2019s decision not to train the officers about constitutional limits on the use of deadly force could reflect the city\u2019s deliberate indifference to the \u2018highly predictable consequence,\u2019 namely, violations of constitutional rights. The Court sought not to foreclose the possibility, however rare, that the unconstitutional consequences of failing to train could be so patently obvious that a city could be liable under \u00a7\u20091983 without proof of a pre-existing pattern of violations.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Connick, supra<\/span>, 131 S.Ct. at p. 1361], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cTo impose liability on a local government for failure to adequately train its employees, the government\u2019s omission must amount to \u2018deliberate indifference\u2019 to a constitutional right. This standard is met when \u2018the need for more or different training is so obvious, and the inadequacy so likely to result in the violation of constitutional rights, that the policymakers of the city can reasonably be said to have been deliberately indifferent to the need.\u2019 For example, if police activities in arresting fleeing felons \u2018so often violate constitutional rights that the need for further training must have been plainly obvious to the city policymakers,\u2019 then the city\u2019s failure to train may constitute \u2018deliberate indifference.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Clouthier, supra<\/span>, 591 F.3d at p. 1249, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt would be hard to describe the\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Canton<\/span>\u00a0understanding of deliberate indifference, permitting liability to be premised on obviousness or constructive notice, as anything but objective.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Farmer v. Brennan<\/span>\u00a0(1994) 511 U.S. 825, 841 [114 S.Ct. 1970, 128 L.Ed.2d 811].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe ninth cause of action was for \u2018Failure to Train.\u2019 The elements of such cause of action are well established, and include that the City \u2018knew because of a pattern of similar violations that the inadequate training was likely to result in a deprivation\u2019 of some right of plaintiffs. Put otherwise, the inadequate training must amount to a deliberate indifference to constitutional rights. Such deliberate indifference requires proof of a pattern of violations (except in those few very rare situations in which the unconstitutional consequences of failing to train are patently obvious).\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Squires v. City of Eureka<\/span>\u00a0(2014) 231 Cal.App.4th 577, 597 [180 Cal.Rptr.3d 10], footnote and internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018The issue in a case like this one \u2026 is whether that training program is adequate; and if it is not, the question becomes whether such inadequate training can justifiably be said to represent \u201ccity policy.\u201d\u2009\u2019 Furthermore, the inadequacy in the city\u2019s training program must be closely related to the \u2018ultimate injury,\u2019 such that the injury would have been avoided had the employee been trained under a program that was not deficient in the identified respect.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Irwin v. City of Hemet<\/span>\u00a0(1994) 22 Cal.App.4th 507, 526 [27 Cal.Rptr.2d 433], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhere the proper response \u2026 is obvious to all without training or supervision, then the failure to train or supervise is generally not \u2018so likely\u2019 to produce a wrong decision as to support an inference of deliberate indifference by city policymakers to the need to train or supervise.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Flores v. County of L.A.<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2014) 758 F.3d 1154, 1160\u00a0[no need to train officers not to sexually assault persons with whom they come in contact].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAt most,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Monell<\/span>\u00a0liability adds an additional defendant, a municipality, to the universe of actors who will be jointly and severally liable for the award.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Choate v. County of Orange<\/span>\u00a0(2000) 86 Cal.App.4th 312, 328 [103 Cal.Rptr.2d 339].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAny damages resulting from a possible\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Monell<\/span>\u00a0claim would result from the same constitutional violation of the warrantless arrest which resulted in nominal damages. Even if [plaintiff] were to prove the City failed to adequately train the police officers, the result would simply be another theory of action concerning the conduct the jury has already determined was not the proximate cause of [plaintiff]\u2019s injuries. [Plaintiff]\u2019s recovery, if any, based upon a\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Monell<\/span>\u00a0claim would be limited to nominal damages.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">George v. Long Beach<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 1992) 973 F.2d 706, 709.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>8 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Constitutional Law, \u00a7\u2009897<\/div>\n<div>17A\u00a0Moore\u2019s Federal Practice (3d ed.), Ch.123,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Access to Courts: Eleventh Amendment and State Sovereign Immunity<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009123.23\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1 Civil Rights Actions, Ch. 2,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Governmental Liability and Immunity<\/span>, \u00b6\u20092.03[3] (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>11\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 113,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Civil Rights: The Post-Civil War Civil Rights Statutes<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009113.14\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7fn0ru-d244566d46f123041c80178c35ce78e5 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-55ohmy-3719d58697f28fda85918f7a3a18a69c\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-55ohmy-3719d58697f28fda85918f7a3a18a69c .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-55ohmy-3719d58697f28fda85918f7a3a18a69c '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1562","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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