{"id":1579,"date":"2021-10-25T03:52:38","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:52:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1579"},"modified":"2022-05-05T23:00:11","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T23:00:11","slug":"caci-3041-violation-of-prisoners-federal-civil-rights-eighth-amendment-medical-care-42-u-s-c-%c2%a7-1983","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3041-violation-of-prisoners-federal-civil-rights-eighth-amendment-medical-care-42-u-s-c-%c2%a7-1983\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3041 Violation of Prisoner\u2019s Federal Civil Rights\u2014Eighth Amendment\u2014Medical Care (42 U.S.C. \u00a7\u20091983)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuv4sebu-9beffc1c1eb8b9b067b3d2d57daa5915\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kuv4sebu-9beffc1c1eb8b9b067b3d2d57daa5915{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kuv4sebu-9beffc1c1eb8b9b067b3d2d57daa5915 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kuv4sebu-9beffc1c1eb8b9b067b3d2d57daa5915 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kuv4sebu-9beffc1c1eb8b9b067b3d2d57daa5915 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 3041 Violation of Prisoner\u2019s Federal Civil Rights\u2014Eighth Amendment\u2014Medical Care (42 U.S.C. \u00a7\u20091983)<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  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0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuv4trd6-e395eb49447dd3f2ff99905119395c68\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kuv4trd6-e395eb49447dd3f2ff99905119395c68 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kuv4trd6-e395eb49447dd3f2ff99905119395c68 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3041\u00a0Violation of Prisoner\u2019s Federal Civil Rights\u2014Eighth Amendment\u2014Medical Care (42 U.S.C. \u00a7\u20091983)<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] provided [him\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] with inadequate medical care in violation of [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] constitutional rights. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had a serious medical need;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] knew that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] faced a substantial risk of serious harm if [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] medical need went untreated;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] consciously disregarded that risk by not taking reasonable steps to treat [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s medical need;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was acting or purporting to act in the performance of [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] official duties;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">6.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">A serious medical need exists if the failure to treat a prisoner\u2019s condition could result in further significant injury or the unnecessary and pointless infliction of pain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Neither medical negligence alone, nor a difference of opinion between medical personnel or between doctor and patient, is enough to establish a violation of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s constitutional rights.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[In determining whether [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] consciously disregarded a substantial risk, you should consider the personnel, financial, and other resources available to [him\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] or those that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] could reasonably have obtained. [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is not responsible for services that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] could not provide or cause to be provided because the necessary personnel, financial, and other resources were not available or could not be reasonably obtained.] <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised December 2010; Renumbered from CACI No. 3012 December 2012; Revised June 2014, December 2014, June 2015, May 2020 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction in a case involving the deprivation of medical care to a prisoner. For an instruction on the creation of a substantial risk of serious harm, see\u00a0CACI No. 3040,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Violation of Prisoner\u2019s Federal Civil Rights\u2014Eighth Amendment\u2014Substantial Risk of Serious Harm<\/span>. For an instruction involving the deprivation of necessities, see\u00a0CACI No. 3043,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Violation of Prisoner\u2019s Federal Civil Rights<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">\u2014Eighth Amendment\u2014Deprivation of Necessities<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>In prison-conditions cases, the inmate must show that the defendant was deliberately indifferent to the inmate\u2019s health or safety. In a medical-needs case, deliberate indifference requires that the prison officials have known of and disregarded an excessive risk to the inmate\u2019s health or safety. Negligence is not enough. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Farmer v. Brennan<\/span>\u00a0(1994) 511 U.S. 825, 834\u2013837 [114 S.Ct. 1970, 128 L.Ed.2d 811].) Elements 2 and 3 express deliberate indifference.<\/p>\n<p>The \u201cofficial duties\u201d referred to in element 3 must be duties created by a state, county, or municipal law, ordinance, or regulation. This aspect of color of law most likely will not be an issue for the jury, so it has been omitted to shorten the wording of element 3.<\/p>\n<p>The Ninth Circuit has held that in considering whether an individual prison medical provider was deliberately indifferent, the jury should be instructed to consider the economic resources made available to the prison health care system. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Peralta v. Dillard<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2014) 744 F.3d 1076, 1084\u00a0[<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">en banc<\/span>].) Although this holding is not binding on California courts, the last optional paragraph may be given if the defendant has presented evidence of lack of economic resources and the court decides that this defense should be presented to the jury. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Deprivation of Civil Rights. Title\u00a042 United States Code section 1983.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[D]eliberate indifference to serious medical needs of prisoners constitutes the \u2018unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain,\u2019 proscribed by the\u00a0Eighth Amendment. This is true whether the indifference is manifested by prison doctors in their response to the prisoner\u2019s needs or by prison guards in intentionally denying or delaying access to medical care or intentionally interfering with the treatment once prescribed. Regardless of how evidenced, deliberate indifference to a prisoner\u2019s serious illness or injury states a cause of action under section 1983.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Estelle v. Gamble<\/span>\u00a0(1976) 429 U.S. 97, 104\u2013105 [97 S.Ct. 285, 50 L.Ed.2d 251], internal citation and footnotes omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cOur cases have held that a prison official violates the\u00a0Eighth Amendment\u00a0only when two requirements are met. First, the deprivation alleged must be, objectively, \u2018sufficiently serious.\u2019 For a claim \u2026 based on a failure to prevent harm, the inmate must show that he is incarcerated under conditions posing a substantial risk of serious harm. The second requirement follows from the principle that \u2018only the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain implicates the\u00a0Eighth Amendment.\u2019 To violate the\u00a0Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause, a prison official must have a \u2018sufficiently culpable state of mind.\u2019 In prison-conditions cases that state of mind is one of \u2018deliberate indifference\u2019 to inmate health or safety\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Farmer, supra<\/span>, 511 U.S. at p. 834, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018To set forth a constitutional claim under the\u00a0Eighth Amendment\u00a0predicated upon the failure to provide medical treatment, first the plaintiff must show a serious medical need by demonstrating that failure to treat a prisoner\u2019s condition could result in further significant injury or the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain. Second, a plaintiff must show the defendant\u2019s response to the need was deliberately indifferent.\u2019 The \u2018deliberate indifference\u2019 prong requires \u2018(a) a purposeful act or failure to respond to a prisoner\u2019s pain or possible medical need, and (b) harm caused by the indifference.\u2019 \u2018Indifference may appear when prison officials deny, delay or intentionally interfere with medical treatment, or it may be shown in the way in which prison [officials] provide medical care.\u2019 \u2018[T]he indifference to [a prisoner\u2019s] medical needs must be substantial. Mere \u201cindifference,\u201d \u201cnegligence,\u201d or \u201cmedical malpractice\u201d will not support this [claim].\u2019 Even gross negligence is insufficient to establish deliberate indifference to serious medical needs.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lemire v. Cal. Dep\u2019t of Corr. &amp; Rehab.<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2013) 726 F.3d 1062, 1081\u20131082, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIndications that a plaintiff has a serious medical need include \u2018[t]he existence of an injury that a reasonable doctor or patient would find important and worthy of comment or treatment; the presence of a medical condition that significantly affects an individual\u2019s daily activities; or the existence of chronic and substantial pain.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Colwell v. Bannister<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2014) 763 F.3d 1060, 1066.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cConsistent with that concept and the clear connections between mental health treatment and the dignity and welfare of prisoners, the\u00a0Eighth Amendment\u2019s\u00a0prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment requires that prisons provide mental health care that meets \u2018minimum constitutional requirements.\u2019 When the level of a prison\u2019s mental health care \u2018fall[s] below the evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturing society,\u2019 the prison fails to uphold the constitution\u2019s dignitary principles.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Disability Rights Montana, Inc. v. Batista<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2019) 930 F.3d 1090, 1097, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe hold \u2026 that a prison official cannot be found liable under the\u00a0Eighth Amendment\u00a0for denying an inmate humane conditions of confinement unless the official knows of and disregards an excessive risk to inmate health or safety; the official must both be aware of facts from which the inference could be drawn that a substantial risk of serious harm exists, and he must also draw the inference.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Farmer, supra<\/span>, 511 U.S. at p. 837.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe subjective standard of deliberate indifference requires \u2018more than ordinary lack of due care for the prisoner\u2019s interests or safety.\u2019 The state of mind for deliberate indifference is subjective recklessness. But the standard is \u2018less stringent in cases involving a prisoner\u2019s medical needs \u2026 because \u201cthe State\u2019s responsibility to provide inmates with medical care ordinarily does not conflict with competing administrative concerns.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Snow v. McDaniel<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2012) 681 F.3d 978, 985, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[D]eliberate indifference \u2018may appear when prison officials deny, delay or intentionally interfere with medical treatment, or it may be shown by the way in which prison physicians provide medical care.\u2019.\u2009\u2026 \u2018[A] prisoner need not show his harm was substantial.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wilhelm v. Rotman<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2012) 680 F.3d 1113, 1122, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A]llegations that a prison official has ignored the instructions of a prisoner\u2019s treating physician are sufficient to state a claim for deliberate indifference.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wakefield v. Thompson<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 1999) 177 F.3d 1160, 1165.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] complaint that a physician has been negligent in diagnosing or treating a medical condition does not state a valid claim of medical mistreatment under the\u00a0Eighth Amendment. Medical malpractice does not become a constitutional violation merely because the victim is a prisoner.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Estelle, supra<\/span>, 429 U.S. at p. 106.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018A difference of opinion between a physician and the prisoner\u2014or between medical professionals\u2014concerning what medical care is appropriate does not amount to deliberate indifference.\u2019 Rather, \u2018[t]o show deliberate indifference, the plaintiff \u201cmust show that the course of treatment the doctors chose was medically unacceptable under the circumstances\u201d and that the defendants \u201cchose this course in conscious disregard of an excessive risk to plaintiff\u2019s health.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Colwell, supra<\/span>, 763 F.3d at p. 1068.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt has been recognized \u2026 that inadequate medical treatment may, in some instances, constitute a violation of\u00a042 United States Code section 1983. In\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Sturts v. City of Philadelphia<\/span>, for example, the plaintiff alleged that defendants acted \u2018carelessly, recklessly and negligently\u2019 when they failed to remove sutures from his eye, neck and face. The court concluded that although plaintiff was alleging inadequate medical treatment, he had stated a cause of action under section 1983: \u2018\u2026 where a prisoner has received some medical attention and the dispute is over the adequacy of the treatment, federal courts are generally reluctant to second guess medical judgments. In some cases, however, the medical attention rendered may be so woefully inadequate as to amount to no treatment at all, thereby rising to the level of a \u00a7\u20091983 claim.\u2009\u2026\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ochoa v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(1985) 39 Cal.3d 159, 176\u2013177 [216 Cal.Rptr. 661, 703 P.2d 1], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cBecause society does not expect that prisoners will have unqualified access to health care, deliberate indifference to medical needs amounts to an\u00a0Eighth Amendment\u00a0violation only if those needs are \u2018serious.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hudson v. McMillian<\/span>\u00a0(1992) 503 U.S. 1, 9 [112 S.Ct. 995, 117 L.Ed.2d 156], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]here is a two-pronged test for evaluating a claim for deliberate indifference to a serious medical need: First, the plaintiff must show a serious medical need by demonstrating that failure to treat a prisoner\u2019s condition could result in further significant injury or the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain. Second, the plaintiff must show the defendant\u2019s response to the need was deliberately indifferent. This second prong \u2026 is satisfied by showing (a) a purposeful act or failure to respond to a prisoner\u2019s pain or possible medical need and (b) harm caused by the indifference.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Akhtar v. Mesa<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2012) 698 F.3d 1202, 1213.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhere a plaintiff alleges systemwide deficiencies, \u2018policies and practices of statewide and systematic application [that] expose all inmates in [the prison\u2019s] custody to a substantial risk of serious harm,\u2019 we assess the claim through a two-pronged inquiry. The first, objective, prong requires that the plaintiff show that the conditions of the prison pose \u2018a substantial risk of serious harm.\u2019 The second, subjective, prong requires that the plaintiff show that a prison official was deliberately indifferent by being \u2018aware of the facts from which the inference could be drawn that a substantial risk of serious harm exists,\u2019 and \u2018also draw[ing] the inference.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Disability Rights Montana, Inc., supra<\/span>, 930 F.3d at p. 1097, internal citations and footnote omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA prison medical official who fails to provide needed treatment because he lacks the necessary resources can hardly be said to have intended to punish the inmate. The challenged instruction properly advised the jury to consider the resources [defendant] had available in determining whether he was deliberately indifferent.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Peralta, supra<\/span>, 744 F.3d at p. 1084.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe recognize that prison officials have a \u2018better grasp\u2019 of the policies required to operate a correctional facility than either judges or juries. For this reason, in excessive force and conditions of confinement cases, we instruct juries to defer to prison officials\u2019 judgments in adopting and executing policies needed to preserve discipline and maintain security. [\u00b6] Such deference is generally absent from serious medical needs cases, however, where deliberate indifference \u2018can typically be established or disproved without the necessity of balancing competing institutional concerns for the safety of prison staff or other inmates.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mendiola-Martinez v. Arpaio<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2016) 836 F.3d 1239, 1254, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]rial judges in prison medical care cases should not instruct jurors to defer to the adoption and implementation of security-based prison policies, unless a party\u2019s presentation of the case draws a plausible connection between a security-based policy or practice and the challenged medical care decision.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Chess v. Dovey<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2015) 790 F.3d 961, 962.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAlthough claims by pretrial detainees arise under the\u00a0Fourteenth Amendment\u00a0and claims by convicted prisoners arise under the\u00a0Eighth Amendment, our cases do not distinguish among pretrial and postconviction detainees for purposes of the excessive force, conditions of confinement, and medical care deference instructions.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Shorter v. Baca<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2018) 895 F.3d 1176, 1182, fn. 4.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe now turn to the second prong of the inquiry, whether the defendants were deliberately indifferent. This is not a case in which there is a difference of medical opinion about which treatment is best for a particular patient. Nor is this a case of ordinary medical mistake or negligence. Rather, the evidence is undisputed that [plaintiff] was denied treatment for his monocular blindness solely because of an administrative policy, even in the face of medical recommendations to the contrary. A reasonable jury could find that [plaintiff] was denied surgery, not because it wasn\u2019t medically indicated, not because his condition was misdiagnosed, not because the surgery wouldn\u2019t have helped him, but because the policy of the [defendant] is to require an inmate to endure reversible blindness in one eye if he can still see out of the other. This is the very definition of deliberate indifference.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Colwell, supra<\/span>, 763 F.3d at p. 1068.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[C]laims for violations of the right to adequate medical care \u2018brought by pretrial detainees against individual defendants under the\u00a0Fourteenth Amendment\u2019 must be evaluated under an objective deliberate indifference standard. Based thereon, the elements of a pretrial detainee\u2019s medical care claim against an individual defendant under the\u00a0due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment\u00a0are: (i) the defendant made an intentional decision with respect to the conditions under which the plaintiff was confined; (ii) those conditions put the plaintiff at substantial risk of suffering serious harm; (iii) the defendant did not take reasonable available measures to abate that risk, even though a reasonable official in the circumstances would have appreciated the high degree of risk involved\u2014making the consequences of the defendant\u2019s conduct obvious; and (iv) by not taking such measures, the defendant caused the plaintiff\u2019s injuries. \u2018With respect to the third element, the defendant\u2019s conduct must be objectively unreasonable, a test that will necessarily \u201cturn[ ] on the facts and circumstances of each particular case.\u201d\u2009\u2019 The \u2018\u2009\u201cmere lack of due care by a state official\u201d does not deprive an individual of life, liberty, or property under the\u00a0Fourteenth Amendment.\u2019 Thus, the plaintiff must \u2018prove more than negligence but less than subjective intent\u2014something akin to reckless disregard.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Gordon v. County of Orange<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2018) 888 F.3d 1118, 1124\u20131125, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA \u2018serious\u2019 medical need exists if the failure to treat a prisoner\u2019s condition could result in further significant injury or the \u2018unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain.\u2019 The \u2018routine discomfort\u2019 that results from incarceration and which is \u2018part of the penalty that criminal offenders pay for their offenses against society\u2019 does not constitute a \u2018serious\u2019 medical need.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Doty v. County of Lassen<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 1994) 37 F.3d 540, 546, internal citations and footnote omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>3 Witkin &amp; Epstein, California Criminal Law (4th ed. 2012) Punishment, \u00a7\u2009244<\/div>\n<div>8 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Constitutional Law, \u00a7\u2009901<\/div>\n<div>Schwarzer, et al., California Practice Guide: Federal Civil Procedure Before Trial, Ch. 2E-10,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Special Jurisdictional Limitations\u2014Eleventh Amendment\u00a0As Limitation On Actions Against States<\/span>, \u00b6\u20092:4923 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>3 Civil Rights Actions, Ch. 11,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Deprivation of Rights Under Color of State Law-Prisons<\/span>, \u00b6\u200911.09 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>11\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 114,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Civil Rights: Prisoners\u2019 Rights<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009114.15\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>19A\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 196,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Public Entities<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009196.183\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7giyh7-293b147b03db625fa08b078daa2f0616 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5r68l7-dc37f9deb7d8222287a67934be3dfbfe\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5r68l7-dc37f9deb7d8222287a67934be3dfbfe .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5r68l7-dc37f9deb7d8222287a67934be3dfbfe '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1579","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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