{"id":1582,"date":"2021-10-25T03:52:15","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:52:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1582"},"modified":"2022-05-05T20:54:00","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T20:54:00","slug":"caci-3026-affirmative-defense-exigent-circumstances","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3026-affirmative-defense-exigent-circumstances\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3026 Affirmative Defense\u2014Exigent Circumstances"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuv4mql3-469342b41c07e2e7e82f5fdfd5456aa7\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kuv4mql3-469342b41c07e2e7e82f5fdfd5456aa7{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kuv4mql3-469342b41c07e2e7e82f5fdfd5456aa7 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kuv4mql3-469342b41c07e2e7e82f5fdfd5456aa7 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kuv4mql3-469342b41c07e2e7e82f5fdfd5456aa7 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 3026 Affirmative Defense\u2014Exigent Circumstances<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuv4o13y-bfc8a2e5640da058a22280d4f877b7dd\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kuv4o13y-bfc8a2e5640da058a22280d4f877b7dd .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kuv4o13y-bfc8a2e5640da058a22280d4f877b7dd '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3026\u00a0Affirmative Defense\u2014Exigent Circumstances<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that a search warrant was not required. To succeed, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove both of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That a reasonable officer would have believed that, under the circumstances, there was not enough time to get a search warrant because entry or search was necessary to prevent [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert one of the following:<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[physical harm to the officer or other persons;]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[the destruction or concealment of evidence;]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[the escape of a suspect;] and<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the search was reasonable under the circumstances.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">In deciding whether the search was reasonable, you should consider, among other factors, the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(a)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The extent of the particular intrusion;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(b)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The place in which the search was conducted; [and]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(c)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">The manner in which the search was conducted; [and]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(d)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Insert other applicable factor<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Renumbered from CACI No. 3006 December 2012 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAbsent consent, exigent circumstances must exist for a warrantless entry into a home, despite probable cause to believe that a crime has been committed or that incriminating evidence may be found inside. Such circumstances are \u2018few in number and carefully delineated.\u2019 \u2018Exigent circumstances\u2019 means \u2018an emergency situation requiring swift action to prevent imminent danger to life or serious damage to property, or to forestall the imminent escape of a suspect or destruction of evidence.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Conway v. Pasadena Humane Society<\/span>\u00a0(1996) 45 Cal.App.4th 163, 172 [52 Cal.Rptr.2d 777], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cBefore agents of the government may invade the sanctity of the home, the burden is on the government to demonstrate exigent circumstances that overcome the presumption of unreasonableness that attaches to all warrantless home entries.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Welsh v. Wisconsin<\/span>\u00a0(1984) 466 U.S. 740, 750 [104 S.Ct. 2091, 80 L.Ed.2d 732].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018There are two general exceptions to the warrant requirement for home searches: exigency and emergency.\u2019 These exceptions are \u2018narrow\u2019 and their boundaries are \u2018rigorously guarded\u2019 to prevent any expansion that would unduly interfere with the sanctity of the home. In general, the difference between the two exceptions is this: The \u2018emergency\u2019 exception stems from the police officers\u2019 \u2018community caretaking function\u2019 and allows them \u2018to respond to emergency situations\u2019 that threaten life or limb; this exception does \u2018<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">not<\/span>\u00a0[derive from] police officers\u2019 function as criminal investigators.\u2019 By contrast, the \u2018exigency\u2019 exception does derive from the police officers\u2019 investigatory function; it allows them to enter a home without a warrant if they have both probable cause to believe that a crime has been or is being committed and a reasonable belief that their entry is \u2018necessary to prevent \u2026 the destruction of relevant evidence, the escape of the suspect, or some other consequence improperly frustrating legitimate law enforcement efforts.\u2019 (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hopkins v. Bonvicino<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2009) 573 F.3d 752, 763, original italics, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[D]etermining whether an official had \u2018reasonable cause to believe exigent circumstances existed in a given situation \u2026 [is a] \u201cquestion[] of fact to be determined by a jury.\u201d [Citation.]\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Arce v. Childrens Hospital Los Angeles<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 211 Cal.App.4th 1455, 1475 [150 Cal.Rptr.3d 735].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThere is no litmus test for determining whether exigent circumstances exist, and each case must be decided on the facts known to the officers at the time of the search or seizure. However, two primary considerations in making this determination are the gravity of the underlying offense and whether the delay in seeking a warrant would pose a threat to police or public safety.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Conway, supra,<\/span>\u00a045 Cal.App.4th at p. 172.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[W]hile the commission of a misdemeanor offense,\u2019 such as the petty theft that [defendants] were investigating, \u2018is not to be taken lightly, it militates against a finding of exigent circumstances where the offense \u2026 is not inherently dangerous.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lyall v. City of Los Angeles<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2015) 807 F.3d 1178, 1189.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cFinally, even where exigent circumstances exist, \u2018[t]he search must be \u201cstrictly circumscribed by the exigencies which justify its initiation.\u201d\u2009\u2019 \u2018An exigent circumstance may justify a search without a warrant. However, after the emergency has passed, the [homeowner] regains his right to privacy, and \u2026 a second entry [is unlawful].\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Conway, supra,<\/span>\u00a045 Cal.App.4th at p. 173, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018Exigent circumstances are those in which a substantial risk of harm to the persons involved or to the law enforcement process would arise if the police were to delay a search [] until a warrant could be obtained.\u2019 Mere speculation is not sufficient to show exigent circumstances.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">United States v. Reid<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2000) 226 F.3d 1020, 1027\u22121028, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe government bears the burden of showing specific and articulable facts to justify the finding of exigent circumstances.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">United States v. Iwai<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2019) 930 F.3d 1141, 1144.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThis is a heavy burden and can be satisfied \u2018only by demonstrating specific and articulable facts to justify the finding of exigent circumstances.\u2019 Furthermore, \u2018the presence of exigent circumstances necessarily implies that there is insufficient time to obtain a warrant; therefore, the government must show that a warrant could not have been obtained in time.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Reid, supra,<\/span>\u00a0226 F.3d at p. 1028, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhen the domestic violence victim is still in the home, circumstances may justify an entry pursuant to the exigency doctrine.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bonivert v. City of Clarkston<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2018) 883 F.3d 865, 878.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>8 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Constitutional Law, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009888, 892, 893<\/div>\n<div>11\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 113,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Civil Rights: The Post-Civil War Civil Rights Statutes,<\/span>\u00a0\u00a7\u2009113.14\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-751xni-91893bbbb3d96d8197227914044cfa81 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5s9oce-09c0633e4e1d1cc25c922971bd4db116\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5s9oce-09c0633e4e1d1cc25c922971bd4db116 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5s9oce-09c0633e4e1d1cc25c922971bd4db116 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1582","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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