{"id":1595,"date":"2021-10-25T03:52:38","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:52:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1595"},"modified":"2022-05-07T15:15:37","modified_gmt":"2022-05-07T15:15:37","slug":"caci-3061-discrimination-in-business-dealings-essential-factual-elements-civ-code-%c2%a7-51-5","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3061-discrimination-in-business-dealings-essential-factual-elements-civ-code-%c2%a7-51-5\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3061 Discrimination in Business Dealings\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u200951.5)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuv5bbs8-3942cc9d7aad6dce758603c11a848c77\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kuv5bbs8-3942cc9d7aad6dce758603c11a848c77{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kuv5bbs8-3942cc9d7aad6dce758603c11a848c77 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kuv5bbs8-3942cc9d7aad6dce758603c11a848c77 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kuv5bbs8-3942cc9d7aad6dce758603c11a848c77 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 3061 Discrimination in Business Dealings\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u200951.5)<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuv5cxzx-2072892569e94e6480d7eaadb5e9dbf7\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kuv5cxzx-2072892569e94e6480d7eaadb5e9dbf7 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kuv5cxzx-2072892569e94e6480d7eaadb5e9dbf7 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3061\u00a0Discrimination in Business Dealings\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u200951.5)<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] denied [him\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] full and equal rights to conduct business because of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s [sex\/race\/color\/religion\/ancestry\/national origin\/disability\/medical condition\/genetic information\/marital status\/sexual orientation\/citizenship\/primary language\/immigration status\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert other actionable characteristic<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]]. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [discriminated against\/boycotted\/blacklisted\/refused to buy from\/refused to contract with\/refused to sell to\/refused to trade with] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[That a substantial motivating reason for [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct was [its perception of] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s [sex\/race\/color\/religion\/ ancestry\/national origin\/ disability\/medical condition\/genetic information\/marital status\/sexual orientation\/citizenship\/primary language\/immigration status\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert other actionable characteristic<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]];]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">or<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[That a substantial motivating reason for [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct was [its perception of] the [sex\/race\/color\/religion\/ancestry\/national origin\/disability\/medical condition\/genetic information\/marital status\/sexual orientation\/citizenship\/primary language\/immigration status\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert other actionable characteristic<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]] of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s [partners\/members\/stockholders\/directors\/officers\/managers<br \/>\n\/superintendents\/agents\/employees\/business associates\/suppliers\/customers];]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">or<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[That a substantial motivating reason for [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct was [its perception of] the [sex\/race\/color\/religion\/ancestry\/national origin\/disability\/medical condition\/genetic information\/marital status\/sexual orientation\/citizenship\/primary language\/immigration status\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert other actionable characteristic<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]] of a person with whom [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was associated;]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised June 2012; Renumbered from\u00a0CACI No. 3021\u00a0and Revised December 2012; Revised June 2013, December 2016 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Select the bracketed option from element 2 that is most appropriate to the facts of the case.<\/p>\n<p>Under the Unruh Civil Rights Act (see\u00a0CACI No. 3060,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Unruh Civil Rights Act\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>), the California Supreme Court has held that intentional discrimination is required. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Harris v. Capital Growth Investors XIV<\/span>\u00a0(1991) 52 Cal.3d 1142, 1159\u20131162 [278 Cal.Rptr. 614, 805 P.2d 873].) While there is no similar California case imposing an intent requirement under\u00a0Civil Code section 51.5,\u00a0Civil Code section 51.5\u00a0requires that the discrimination be\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">on account of<\/span>\u00a0the protected category. (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u200951.5(a).) The kinds of prohibited conduct would all seem to involve intentional acts. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Nicole M. v. Martinez Unified Sch. Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(N.D. Cal. 1997) 964 F. Supp. 1369, 1389, superseded by statute on other grounds as stated in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Sandoval v. Merced Union High Sch.<\/span>\u00a0(E.D. Cal. 2006) 2006 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 28446.) The intent requirement is encompassed within the motivating-reason element (element 2).<\/p>\n<p>There is an exception to the intent requirement under the Unruh Act for conduct that violates the Americans With Disabilities Act. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Munson v. Del Taco, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 46 Cal.4th 661, 665 [94 Cal.Rptr.3d 685, 208 P.3d 623].). Because this exception is based on statutory construction of the Unruh Act (see\u00a0Civ. Code, \u00a7\u200951(f)), the committee does not believe that it applies to section 51.5, which contains no similar language.<\/p>\n<p>Note that there are two causation elements. There must be a causal link between the discriminatory intent and the adverse action (see element 2), and there must be a causal link between the adverse action and the harm (see element 4).<\/p>\n<p>Element 2 uses the term \u201csubstantial motivating reason\u201d to express causation between the protected classification and the defendant\u2019s conduct. \u201cSubstantial motivating reason\u201d has been held to be the appropriate standard under the Fair Employment and Housing Act to address the possibility of both discriminatory and nondiscriminatory motives. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Harris v. City of Santa Monica<\/span>\u00a0(2013) 56 Cal.4th 203, 232 [152 Cal.Rptr.3d 392, 294 P.3d 49];\u00a0CACI No. 2507,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">\u201cSubstantial Motivating Reason\u201d Explained<\/span>.) Whether the FEHA standard applies under\u00a0Civil Code section 51.5\u00a0has not been addressed by the courts.<\/p>\n<p>For an instruction on damages under\u00a0Civil Code section 51.5, see\u00a0CACI No. 3067,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Unruh Civil Rights Act\u2014Damages<\/span>. Note that the jury may award a successful plaintiff up to three times actual damages but not less than $4,000. (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u200952(a)); see also\u00a0Civ. Code, \u00a7\u200952(h)\u00a0[\u201cactual damages\u201d means special and general damages].)<\/p>\n<p>It is possible that elements 3 and 4 are not needed if only the statutory minimum $4,000 award is sought. With regard to the Unruh Act (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u200951), which is also governed by\u00a0Civil Code section 52(a), the California Supreme Court has held that a violation is per se injurious, and that section 52 provides for minimum statutory damages for every violation regardless of the plaintiff\u2019s actual damages. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Koire v. Metro Car Wash<\/span>\u00a0(1985) 40 Cal.3d 24, 33 [219 Cal.Rptr. 133, 707 P.2d 195].)<\/p>\n<p>The judge may decide the issue of whether the defendant is a business establishment as a matter of law. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Rotary Club of Duarte v. Bd. of Directors<\/span>\u00a0(1986) 178 Cal.App.3d 1035, 1050 [224 Cal.Rptr. 213].) Special interrogatories may be needed if there are factual issues. This element has been omitted from the instruction because it is unlikely to go to a jury.<\/p>\n<p>Conceptually, this instruction has some overlap with\u00a0CACI No. 3060,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Unruh Civil Rights Act\u2014Essential Factual Elements.<\/span>\u00a0For a discussion of the basis of this instruction, see\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jackson v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(1994) 30 Cal.App.4th 936, 941 [36 Cal.Rptr.2d 207]. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Discrimination in Business Dealings.\u00a0Civil Code section 51.5.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Protected Characteristics.\u00a0Civil Code section 51(b).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn 1976 the Legislature added\u00a0Civil Code section 51.5\u00a0to the Unruh Civil Rights Act and amended\u00a0Civil Code section 52\u00a0(which provides penalties for those who violate the Unruh Civil Rights Act), in order to, inter alia, include section 51.5 in its provisions.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Pines v. Tomson<\/span>\u00a0(1984) 160 Cal.App.3d 370, 384 [206 Cal.Rptr. 866], footnote omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]t is clear from the cases under section 51 that the Legislature did not intend in enacting section 51.5 to limit the broad language of section 51 to include only selling, buying or trading. Both sections 51 and 51.5 have been liberally applied to all types of business activities. Furthermore, section 51.5 forbids a business to \u2018discriminate against\u2019 \u2018any person\u2019 and does not just forbid a business to \u2018boycott or blacklist, refuse to buy from, sell to, or trade with any person.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jackson, supra<\/span>, 30 Cal.App.4th at p. 941, internal citation and footnote omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAlthough the phrase \u2018business establishment of every kind whatsoever\u2019 has been interpreted by the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeal in the context of section 51, we are aware of no case which interprets that term in the context of section 51.5. We believe, however, that the Legislature meant the identical language in both sections to have the identical meaning.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Pines, supra<\/span>, 160 Cal.App.3d at p. 384, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he classifications specified in section 51.5, which are identical to those of section 51, are likewise not exclusive and encompass other personal characteristics identified in earlier cases.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Roth v. Rhodes<\/span>\u00a0(1994) 25 Cal.App.4th 530, 538 [30 Cal.Rptr.2d 706], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he analysis under\u00a0Civil Code section 51.5\u00a0is the same as the analysis we have already set forth for purposes of the [Unruh Civil Rights] Act.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Semler v. General Electric Capital Corp<\/span>. (2011) 196 Cal.App.4th 1380, 1404 [127 Cal.Rptr.3d 794].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]hen such discrimination occurs, a person has standing under section 51.5 if he or she is \u2018associated with\u2019 the disabled person and has also personally experienced the discrimination.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Osborne v. Yasmeh<\/span>\u00a0(2016) 1 Cal.App.5th 1118, 1134 [205 Cal.Rptr.3d 656].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>8 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Constitutional Law, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009994\u20131015<\/div>\n<div>11\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 116,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Civil Rights: Discrimination in Business Establishments<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009116.10\u2013116.13\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>3\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 35,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Civil Rights: Unruh Civil Rights Act<\/span>, \u00a7\u200935.20\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-6tt21n-5c503e496c451a0d6ccc3fb3138922ee hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-69j16j-16916c158c8c7ac2e5eece2613efd54e\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-69j16j-16916c158c8c7ac2e5eece2613efd54e .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-69j16j-16916c158c8c7ac2e5eece2613efd54e '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1595","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 3061 Discrimination in Business Dealings\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Civ. 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