{"id":1610,"date":"2021-10-25T03:52:38","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:52:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1610"},"modified":"2022-05-07T15:17:36","modified_gmt":"2022-05-07T15:17:36","slug":"caci-3064-threats-of-violence-ralph-act-essential-factual-elements-civ-code-%c2%a7-51-7","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3064-threats-of-violence-ralph-act-essential-factual-elements-civ-code-%c2%a7-51-7\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3064 Threats of Violence\u2014Ralph Act\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u200951.7)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuv75rjx-ea580bf6155da7b550f1ed318bbe64c8\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kuv75rjx-ea580bf6155da7b550f1ed318bbe64c8{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kuv75rjx-ea580bf6155da7b550f1ed318bbe64c8 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kuv75rjx-ea580bf6155da7b550f1ed318bbe64c8 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kuv75rjx-ea580bf6155da7b550f1ed318bbe64c8 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 3064 Threats of Violence\u2014Ralph Act\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u200951.7)<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kuv779mo-d576bee4d855a03289a2c2fa157f6f6d\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kuv779mo-d576bee4d855a03289a2c2fa157f6f6d .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kuv779mo-d576bee4d855a03289a2c2fa157f6f6d '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3064\u00a0Threats of Violence\u2014Ralph Act\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u200951.7)<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] intimidated [him\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] by threat of violence because of [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [race\/color\/religion\/ancestry\/national origin\/political affiliation\/sex\/sexual orientation\/age\/disability\/citizenship\/primary language\/immigration status\/position in a labor dispute\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert other actionable characteristic<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]]. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] intentionally threatened violence against [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [or [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] property], [whether or not [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] actually intended to carry out the threat];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That a substantial motivating reason for [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct was [[his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] perception of] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s [race\/color\/religion\/ancestry\/national origin\/political affiliation\/sex\/sexual orientation\/age\/disability\/citizenship\/primary language\/immigration status\/position in a labor dispute\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert other actionable characteristic<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That a reasonable person in [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s position would have believed that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] would carry out [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] threat;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That a reasonable person in [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s position would have been intimidated by [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">6.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Derived from former CACI No. 3023 December 2009; Renumbered from CACI No. 3023B December 2012; Revised June 2013, December 2016 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Use this instruction for a cause of action under the Ralph Act involving threats of violence alleged to have been directed by the defendant toward the plaintiff. For an instruction involving actual acts of violence, see\u00a0CACI No. 3063,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Acts of Violence<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">\u2014Ralph Act\u2014<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Essential Factual Elements<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Note that element 2 uses the term \u201csubstantial motivating reason\u201d to express both intent and causation between the protected classification and the defendant\u2019s threats. \u201cSubstantial motivating reason\u201d has been held to be the appropriate standard under the Fair Employment and Housing Act to address the possibility of both discriminatory and nondiscriminatory motives. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Harris v. City of Santa Monica<\/span>\u00a0(2013) 56 Cal.4th 203, 232 [152 Cal.Rptr.3d 392, 294 P.3d 49];\u00a0CACI No. 2507, \u201c<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Substantial Motivating Reason\u201d Explained<\/span>.) Whether the FEHA standard applies under the Ralph Act has not been addressed by the courts.<\/p>\n<p>No published California appellate opinion establishes elements 3 and 4. However, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals and the California Fair Employment and Housing Commission have held that a reasonable person in the plaintiff\u2019s position must have been intimidated by the actions of the defendant and have perceived a threat of violence. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Winarto v. Toshiba America Electronics Components, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2001) 274 F.3d 1276, 1289\u20131290;\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Dept. Fair Empl. &amp; Hous. v. Lake Co. Dept. of Health Serv.<\/span>\u00a0(July 22, 1998) 1998 CAFEHC LEXIS 16, **55\u201356.)<\/p>\n<p>Liability may also be found if a defendant \u201caids, incites, or conspires\u201d in the denial of a right protected under\u00a0Civil Code section 51.7. (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u200952(b).) This instruction should be modified if aiding, inciting, or conspiring is asserted as theories of liability. See also instructions in the Conspiracy series (CACI No. 3600\u00a0et seq.). <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Ralph Act.\u00a0Civil Code section 51.7.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Protected Characteristics.\u00a0Civil Code section 51(b).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Remedies Under Ralph Act.\u00a0Civil Code section 52(b).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe unambiguous language of this section gives rise to a cause of action in favor of a person against whom violence or intimidation has been committed or threatened.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Coon v. Joseph<\/span>\u00a0(1987) 192 Cal.App.3d 1269, 1277 [237 Cal.Rptr. 873].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cUnder the Ralph Act, a plaintiff must establish the defendant threatened or committed violent acts against the plaintiff or their property, and a motivating reason for doing so was a prohibited discriminatory motive, or that [defendant] aided, incited, or conspired in the denial of a protected right.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Gabrielle A. v. County of Orange<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 10 Cal.App.5th 1268, 1291 [217 Cal.Rptr.3d 275].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cNor do we agree with defendants that \u2018because of\u2019 logically means \u2018hatred.\u2019 Section 51.7 provides that all persons \u2018have the right to be free from any violence, or intimidation by threat of violence, committed against their persons or property because of \u2026\u2019 specified characteristics, including sex, and provides for a civil remedy for violation of that right. Nothing in the statute requires that a plaintiff prove that the offending act was motivated by hate.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ventura v. ABM Industries Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 212 Cal.App.4th 258, 269 [150 Cal.Rptr.3d 861].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe test is: \u2018would a reasonable person, standing in the shoes of the plaintiff, have been intimidated by the actions of the defendant and have perceived a threat of violence?\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Winarto, supra,<\/span>\u00a0274 F.3d at pp. 1289\u20131290, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhen a threat of violence would lead a reasonable person to believe that the threat will be carried out, in light of the \u2018entire factual context,\u2019 including the surrounding circumstances and the listeners\u2019 reactions, then the threat does not receive\u00a0First Amendment\u00a0protection, and may be actionable under the Ralph Act. The only intent requirement is that respondent \u2018intentionally or knowingly communicates his [or her] threat, not that he intended or was able to carry out his threat.\u2019 A threat exists if the \u2018target of the speaker reasonably believes that the speaker has the ability to act him or herself or to influence others. \u2026 It is the perception of a reasonable person that is dispositive, not the actual intent of the speaker.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Dept. Fair Empl. &amp; Hous., supra,<\/span>\u00a01998 CAFEHC LEXIS at pp. 55\u201356, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cSection 51 by its express language applies only within California. It cannot (with its companion penalty provisions in \u00a7\u200952) be extended into the Hawaiian jurisdiction. A state cannot regulate or proscribe activities conducted in another state or supervise the internal affairs of another state in any way, even though the welfare or health of its citizens may be affected when they travel to that state.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Archibald v. Cinerama Hawaiian Hotels, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1977) 73 Cal.App.3d 152, 159 [140 Cal.Rptr. 599], internal citations omitted, disapproved on other grounds in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Koire v. Metro Car Wash<\/span>\u00a0(1985) 40 Cal.3d 24 [219 Cal.Rptr. 133, 707 P.2d 195].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>8 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Constitutional Law, \u00a7\u2009989 et seq.<\/div>\n<div>Chin et al., California Practice Guide: Employment Litigation, Ch. 7-A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Employment Discrimination\u2014Unruh Civil Rights Act<\/span>, \u00b6\u00b6\u20097:1528\u20137:1529 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>Gaab &amp; Reese, California Practice Guide: Civil Procedure Before Trial\u2014Claims and Defenses, Ch. 14(IV)-B,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ralph Civil Rights Act of 1976<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">\u2014Elements<\/span>, \u00b6\u200914:940 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>Cheng et al., Cal. Fair Housing and Public Accommodations \u00a7\u00a7\u200914:2, 14:3 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>11\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 116,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Civil Rights: Discrimination in Business Establishments<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009116.80\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Civil Practice: Civil Rights Litigation \u00a7\u00a7\u20093:1\u20133:15 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-t4rve-d046520b6184551454c68e62055dc2a3 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-54xwvu-7a5eb2834edb94f9f2ce6df6c24f7faf\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-54xwvu-7a5eb2834edb94f9f2ce6df6c24f7faf .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-54xwvu-7a5eb2834edb94f9f2ce6df6c24f7faf '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1610","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 3064 Threats of Violence\u2014Ralph Act\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Civ. 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