{"id":1659,"date":"2021-10-25T03:52:57","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:52:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1659"},"modified":"2022-05-07T15:47:06","modified_gmt":"2022-05-07T15:47:06","slug":"caci-3104-neglect-enhanced-remedies-sought-welf-inst-code-%c2%a7-15657","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3104-neglect-enhanced-remedies-sought-welf-inst-code-%c2%a7-15657\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3104 Neglect\u2014Enhanced Remedies Sought (Welf. &#038; Inst. Code, \u00a7\u200915657)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv0k72td-e8cd5d925631ddcf8dce1df88a5ddfea\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv0k72td-e8cd5d925631ddcf8dce1df88a5ddfea{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv0k72td-e8cd5d925631ddcf8dce1df88a5ddfea .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv0k72td-e8cd5d925631ddcf8dce1df88a5ddfea .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv0k72td-e8cd5d925631ddcf8dce1df88a5ddfea av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 3104 Neglect\u2014Enhanced Remedies Sought (Welf. <span class='special_amp'>&amp;<\/span> Inst. Code, \u00a7\u200915657)<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv0k8dp1-1840d5d0b13184344dc3ffca70c8d0ba\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv0k8dp1-1840d5d0b13184344dc3ffca70c8d0ba .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv0k8dp1-1840d5d0b13184344dc3ffca70c8d0ba '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3104\u00a0Neglect\u2014Enhanced Remedies Sought (Welf. &amp; Inst. Code, \u00a7\u200915657)<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] also seeks to recover [attorney fees and costs\/ [and] damages for [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of decedent<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s pain and suffering]. To recover these remedies, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the requirements for neglect by clear and convincing evidence, and must also prove by clear and convincing evidence that [[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of individual defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of employer defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s employee] acted with [recklessness\/oppression\/fraud\/ [or] malice] in neglecting [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff\/decedent<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">].<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[If [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] proves the above, I will decide the amount of attorney fees and costs.] <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised June 2005, October 2008 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction along with\u00a0CACI No. 3103,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Neglect\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>, if the plaintiff seeks the enhanced remedies of attorney fees and costs and damages for the decedent\u2019s predeath pain and suffering. (See\u00a0Welf. &amp; Inst. Code, \u00a7\u200915657.)<\/p>\n<p>If the individual responsible for the neglect is a defendant in the case, use \u201c[<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of individual defendant<\/span>].\u201d If only the individual\u2019s employer is a defendant, use \u201c[<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of employer defendant<\/span>]\u2019s employee.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>If the plaintiff is seeking enhanced remedies against the individual\u2019s employer, also give\u00a0CACI No. 3102A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Employer Liability for Enhanced Remedies\u2014Both Individual and Employer Defendants,<\/span>\u00a0or\u00a0CACI No. 3102B<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">, Employer Liability for Enhanced Remedies\u2014Employer Defendant Only.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The instructions in this series are not intended to cover every circumstance in which a plaintiff may bring a cause of action under the Elder Abuse and Dependent Adult Civil Protection Act. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Enhanced Remedies for Neglect.\u00a0Welfare and Institutions Code section 15657.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn order to obtain the remedies available in section 15657, a plaintiff must demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that defendant is guilty of something more than negligence; he or she must show reckless, oppressive, fraudulent, or malicious conduct. The latter three categories involve \u2018intentional,\u2019 \u2018willful,\u2019 or \u2018conscious\u2019 wrongdoing of a \u2018despicable\u2019 or \u2018injurious\u2019 nature. [\u00b6] \u2018Recklessness\u2019 refers to a subjective state of culpability greater than simple negligence, which has been described as a \u2018deliberate disregard\u2019 of the \u2018high degree of probability\u2019 that an injury will occur. Recklessness, unlike negligence, involves more than \u2018inadvertence, incompetence, unskillfulness, or a failure to take precautions\u2019 but rather rises to the level of a \u2018conscious choice of a course of action \u2026 with knowledge of the serious danger to others involved in it.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Delaney v. Baker<\/span>\u00a0(1999) 20 Cal.4th 23, 31\u201332 [82 Cal.Rptr.2d 610, 971 P.2d 986], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAs amended in 1991, the Elder Abuse Act was designed to protect elderly and dependent persons from abuse, neglect, or abandonment. In addition to adopting measures designed to encourage reporting of abuse and neglect, the Act authorizes the court to award attorney fees to the prevailing plaintiffs and allows survivors to recover pain and suffering damages in cases of intentional and reckless abuse where the elder has died.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mack v. Soung<\/span>\u00a0(2000) 80 Cal.App.4th 966, 971\u2013972 [95 Cal.Rptr.2d 830], disapproved on other grounds in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Winn v. Pioneer Medical Group, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2016) 63 Cal.4th 148, 164 [202 Cal.Rptr.3d 447, 370 P.3d 1011], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe effect of the 1991 amendment to the elder abuse law was to \u2026 permit a decedent\u2019s personal representative or successor to recover pain and suffering damages when plaintiff can prove by clear and convincing evidence recklessness, oppression, fraud, or malice in the commission of elder abuse. Even then, those damages would be subject to the $250,000 cap placed by\u00a0Civil Code section 3333.2, subdivision (b)\u00a0for noneconomic damages against a health care provider. In this limited circumstance, the decedent\u2019s right to pain and suffering damages would not die with him or her; the damages would be recoverable by a survivor.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">ARA Living Centers\u2014Pacific, Inc. v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(1993) 18 Cal.App.4th 1556, 1563 [23 Cal.Rptr.2d 224].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]f the neglect is \u2018reckless[],\u2019 or done with \u2018oppression, fraud or malice,\u2019 then the action falls within the scope of section 15657 and as such cannot be considered simply \u2018based on \u2026 professional negligence\u2019 within the meaning of section 15657.2. The use of such language in section 15657, and the explicit exclusion of \u2018professional negligence\u2019 in section 15657.2, make clear the Elder Abuse Act\u2019s goal was to provide heightened remedies for, as stated in the legislative history, \u2018acts of egregious abuse\u2019 against elder and dependent adults, while allowing acts of negligence in the rendition of medical services to elder and dependent adults to be governed by laws specifically applicable to such negligence. That only these egregious acts were intended to be sanctioned under section 15657 is further underscored by the fact that the statute requires liability to be proved by a heightened \u2018clear and convincing evidence\u2019 standard.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Delaney, supra,<\/span>\u00a020 Cal.4th at p. 35, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]e distill several factors that must be present for conduct to constitute neglect within the meaning of the Elder Abuse Act and thereby trigger the enhanced remedies available under the Act. The plaintiff must allege (and ultimately prove by clear and convincing evidence) facts establishing that the defendant (1) had responsibility for meeting the basic needs of the elder or dependent adult, such as nutrition, hydration, hygiene or medical care; (2) knew of conditions that made the elder or dependent adult unable to provide for his or her own basic needs; and (3) denied or withheld goods or services necessary to meet the elder or dependent adult\u2019s basic needs, either with knowledge that injury was substantially certain to befall the elder or dependent adult (if the plaintiff alleges oppression, fraud or malice) or with conscious disregard of the high probability of such injury (if the plaintiff alleges recklessness). The plaintiff must also allege (and ultimately prove by clear and convincing evidence) that the neglect caused the elder or dependent adult to suffer physical harm, pain or mental suffering.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Carter v. Prime Healthcare Paradise Valley LLC<\/span>\u00a0(2011) 198 Cal.App.4th 396, 406\u2013407 [129 Cal.Rptr.3d 895], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018Liability\u2019 under section 15657 includes as an element \u2018causation,\u2019 which, as all elements of liability, must be proved by clear and convincing evidence for purposes of an award of attorney fees.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Perlin v. Fountain View Management, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2008) 163 Cal.App.4th 657, 664 [77 Cal.Rptr.3d 743].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe reject plaintiffs\u2019 argument that a violation of the Act does not constitute an independent cause of action. Accordingly, plaintiffs\u2019 failure to obtain a verdict establishing causation\u2014one element of liability\u2014by clear and convincing evidence, precludes an award of attorney fees.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Perlin, supra,<\/span>\u00a0163 Cal.App.4th at p. 666.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u00a7\u20091865\u20131871<\/div>\n<div>Balisok, Civil Litigation Series: Elder Abuse Litigation, \u00a7\u00a7\u20099:1, 9:9, 9:11.1 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>California Elder Law Litigation (Cont.Ed.Bar 2003) \u00a7\u20092.72<\/div>\n<div>3 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 31\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Liability of Physicians and Other Medical Practitioners,<\/span>\u00a0\u00a7\u200931.50[4][d]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 5,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Abuse of Minors and Elderly,<\/span>\u00a0\u00a7\u20095.35\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-6ye3gb-72a97d6f0a999fd8dbb883f9c9943cf9 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-66tiff-307bda26d3f1de9cca8e3d1f9de70800\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-66tiff-307bda26d3f1de9cca8e3d1f9de70800 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-66tiff-307bda26d3f1de9cca8e3d1f9de70800 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1659","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 3104 Neglect\u2014Enhanced Remedies Sought (Welf. &amp; Inst. 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