{"id":1730,"date":"2021-10-25T03:53:18","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:53:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1730"},"modified":"2022-05-07T23:57:45","modified_gmt":"2022-05-07T23:57:45","slug":"caci-3210-breach-of-implied-warranty-of-merchantability-essential-factual-elements","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3210-breach-of-implied-warranty-of-merchantability-essential-factual-elements\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3210 Breach of Implied Warranty of Merchantability\u2014Essential Factual Elements"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv0ozgye-99c93079c7de2c442e716a48b96de8dc\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv0ozgye-99c93079c7de2c442e716a48b96de8dc{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv0ozgye-99c93079c7de2c442e716a48b96de8dc .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv0ozgye-99c93079c7de2c442e716a48b96de8dc .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv0ozgye-99c93079c7de2c442e716a48b96de8dc av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 3210 Breach of Implied Warranty of Merchantability\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span 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avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv0p0ys5-cc2812d15cd2421117098dbbd4bc0279\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv0p0ys5-cc2812d15cd2421117098dbbd4bc0279 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv0p0ys5-cc2812d15cd2421117098dbbd4bc0279 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3210\u00a0Breach of Implied Warranty of Merchantability\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">consumer good<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] did not have the quality that a buyer would reasonably expect. This is known as \u201cbreach of an implied warranty.\u201d To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] bought a[n] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">consumer good<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [from\/manufactured by] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That at the time of purchase [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was in the business of [selling [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">consumer goods<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] to retail buyers\/manufacturing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">consumer goods<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">consumer good<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert one or more of the following:<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[was not of the same quality as those generally acceptable in the trade;] [or]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[was not fit for the ordinary purposes for which the goods are used;] [or]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[was not adequately contained, packaged, and labeled;] [or]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[did not measure up to the promises or facts stated on the container or label;]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s breach of the implied warranty was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised December 2005, December 2014, November 2018 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>If remedies are sought under the California Uniform Commercial Code, the plaintiff may be required to prove reasonable notification within a reasonable time. (Cal. U. Com. Code, \u00a7\u20092607(3).) If the court determines that proof of notice is necessary, add the following element to this instruction:<\/p>\n<p>That [<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span>] took reasonable steps to notify [<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span>] within a reasonable time that the [<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">consumer good<\/span>] did not have the quality that a buyer would reasonably expect;<\/p>\n<p>See also\u00a0CACI No. 1243,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Notification\/Reasonable Time<\/span>. Instructions on damages and causation may be necessary in actions brought under the California Uniform Commercial Code.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to sales of consumer goods, the Consumer Warranty Act applies to leases. (See\u00a0Civ. Code, \u00a7\u00a7\u20091791(g)\u2013(i),\u00a01795.4.) This instruction may be modified for use in cases involving the implied warranty of merchantability in a lease of consumer goods. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Buyer\u2019s Action for Breach of Implied Warranties.\u00a0Civil Code section 1794(a).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Damages.\u00a0Civil Code section 1794(b).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Implied Warranties.\u00a0Civil Code section 1791.1(a).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Duration of Implied Warranties.\u00a0Civil Code section 1791.1(c).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Remedies.\u00a0Civil Code section 1791.1(d).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Implied Warranty of Merchantability.\u00a0Civil Code section 1792.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Damages for Breach; Accepted Goods.\u00a0California Uniform Commercial Code section 2714.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAs defined in the Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act, \u2018an implied warranty of merchantability guarantees that \u2018consumer goods meet each of the following: [\u00b6] (1) Pass without objection in the trade under the contract description. [\u00b6] (2) Are fit for the ordinary purposes for which such goods are used. [\u00b6] (3) Are adequately contained, packaged, and labeled. [\u00b6] (4) Conform to the promises or affirmations of fact made on the container or label.\u2019 Unlike an express warranty, \u2018the implied warranty of merchantability arises by operation of law\u2019 and \u2018provides for a minimum level of quality.\u2019 \u2018The California Uniform Commercial Code separates implied warranties into two categories. An implied warranty that the goods \u201cshall be merchantable\u201d and \u201cfit for the ordinary purposes\u201d is contained in\u00a0California Uniform Commercial Code section 2314. Whereas an implied warranty that the goods shall be fit for a particular purpose is contained in section 2315. [\u00b6] Thus, there exists in every contract for the sale of goods by a merchant a warranty that the goods shall be merchantable. The core test of merchantability is fitness for the ordinary purpose for which such goods are used. (\u00a7\u20092314.)\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Isip v. Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC<\/span>\u00a0(2007) 155 Cal.App.4th 19, 26\u201327 [65 Cal.Rptr.3d 695], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cHere the alleged wrongdoing is a breach of the implied warranty of merchantability imposed by the Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act. Under the circumstances of this case, which involves the sale of a used automobile, the element of wrongdoing is established by pleading and proving (1) the plaintiff bought a used automobile from the defendant, (2) at the time of purchase, the defendant was in the business of selling automobiles to retail buyers, (3) the defendant made express warranties with respect to the used automobile, and (4) the automobile was not fit for ordinary purposes for which the goods are used. Generally, \u2018[t]he core test of merchantability is fitness for the ordinary purpose for which such goods are used.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Gutierrez v. Carmax Auto Superstores California<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 19 Cal.App.5th 1234, 1246 [248 Cal.Rptr.3d 61]\u00a0[citing this instruction], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he buyer of consumer goods must plead he or she was injured or damaged by the alleged breach of the implied warranty of merchantability.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Gutierrez<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 19 Cal.App.5th at p. 1247.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cUnless specific disclaimer methods are followed, an implied warranty of merchantability accompanies every retail sale of consumer goods in the state.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Music Acceptance Corp. v. Lofing<\/span>\u00a0(1995) 32 Cal.App.4th 610, 619 [39 Cal.Rptr.2d 159].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">The implied warranty of merchantability \u201cdoes not \u2018impose a general requirement that goods precisely fulfill the expectation of the buyer. Instead, it provides for a minimum level of quality.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">American Suzuki Motor Corp. v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(1995) 37 Cal.App.4th 1291, 1295\u20131296 [44 Cal.Rptr.2d 526], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe [Song Beverly] act provides for both express and implied warranties, and while under a manufacturer\u2019s express warranty the buyer must allow for a reasonable number of repair attempts within 30 days before seeking rescission, that is not the case for the implied warranty of merchantability\u2019s bulwark against fundamental defects.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Brand v. Hyundai Motor America<\/span>\u00a0(2014) 226 Cal.App.4th 1538, 1545 [173 Cal.Rptr.3d 454].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe Song-Beverly Act incorporates the provisions of [California Uniform Commercial Code] sections 2314\u00a0and\u00a02315. It \u2018supplements, rather than supersedes, the provisions of the California Uniform Commercial Code\u2019 by broadening a consumer\u2019s remedies to include costs, attorney\u2019s fees, and civil penalties.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">American Suzuki Motor Corp., supra,<\/span>\u00a037 Cal.App.4th at p. 1295, fn. 2, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe implied warranty of merchantability may be breached by a latent defect undiscoverable at the time of sale. Indeed, \u2018[u]ndisclosed latent defects \u2026 are the very evil that the implied warranty of merchantability was designed to remedy.\u2019 In the case of a latent defect, a product is rendered unmerchantable, and the warranty of merchantability is breached, by the existence of the unseen defect, not by its subsequent discovery.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mexia v. Rinker Boat Co., Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 174 Cal.App.4th 1297, 1304\u20131305 [95 Cal.Rptr.3d 285], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[Defendant] suggests the \u2018implied warranty of merchantability can be breached only if the vehicle manifests a defect that is so basic it renders the vehicle unfit for its ordinary purpose of providing transportation.\u2019 As the trial court correctly recognized, however, a merchantable vehicle under the statute requires more than the mere capability of \u2018just getting from point \u201cA\u201d to point \u201cB.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Brand<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 226 Cal.App.4th at p. 1546.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A]llegations showing an alleged defect that created a substantial safety hazard would sufficiently allege the vehicle was not \u2018fit for the ordinary purposes for which such goods are used\u2019 and, thus, breached the implied warranty of merchantability.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Gutierrez<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 19 Cal.App.5th at pp. 1247\u20131248.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe notice requirement of [former Civil Code] section 1769 \u2026 is not an appropriate one for the court to adopt in actions by injured consumers against manufacturers with whom they have not dealt. \u2018As between the immediate parties to the sale [the notice requirement] is a sound commercial rule, designed to protect the seller against unduly delayed claims for damages. As applied to personal injuries, and notice to a remote seller, it becomes a booby-trap for the unwary.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Greenman v. Yuba Power Products, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1963) 59 Cal.2d 57, 61 [27 Cal.Rptr. 697, 377 P.2d 897], internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>4 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Sales, \u00a7\u00a7\u200971, 72<\/div>\n<div>1 California UCC Sales &amp; Leases (Cont.Ed.Bar) Warranties, \u00a7\u00a7\u20093.21\u20133.23, 3.25\u20133.26<\/div>\n<div>2 California UCC Sales &amp; Leases (Cont.Ed.Bar) Leasing of Goods, \u00a7\u00a7\u200919.31\u201319.32<\/div>\n<div>California Products Liability Actions, Ch. 2,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Liability for Defective Products<\/span>, \u00a7\u20092.31[2][a]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>44\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 502, Sales:\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Warranties<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009502.51 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>20\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 206,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Sales<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009206.106\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Civil Practice: Business Litigation \u00a7\u00a7\u200953:5\u201353:7 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-tg4wy-fdad0cf15a98c34ef565fa6b13c35860 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-56qfia-9cb05c1cba41e30e55c8bb2c0ef8dd61\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-56qfia-9cb05c1cba41e30e55c8bb2c0ef8dd61 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-56qfia-9cb05c1cba41e30e55c8bb2c0ef8dd61 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1730","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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