{"id":1782,"date":"2021-10-25T03:53:49","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:53:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1782"},"modified":"2022-05-09T16:08:09","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T16:08:09","slug":"caci-3320-secret-rebates-essential-factual-elements","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3320-secret-rebates-essential-factual-elements\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3320 Secret Rebates\u2014Essential Factual Elements"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv0u628r-330651c0d4294ce0d3b6d7fea7851610\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv0u628r-330651c0d4294ce0d3b6d7fea7851610{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv0u628r-330651c0d4294ce0d3b6d7fea7851610 .av-special-heading-tag 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv0u7i8r-182a39a8a29b4025bac779f9e944fcfa\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv0u7i8r-182a39a8a29b4025bac779f9e944fcfa .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv0u7i8r-182a39a8a29b4025bac779f9e944fcfa '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3320\u00a0Secret Rebates\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert one or both of the following:<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[secretly [gave\/received] [payments\/rebates\/refunds\/ commissions\/unearned discounts;]] [or] [secretly [gave to some buyers\/received] services or privileges that were not given to other buyers purchasing on like terms and conditions.]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] secretly [[gave\/received] [payments\/rebates\/refunds\/commissions\/unearned discounts]] [or] [[gave to some buyers\/received] services or privileges that were not given to other buyers purchasing on like terms and conditions];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That a competitor was harmed;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the [payment\/allowance] had a tendency to destroy competition;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Element 2 should be omitted if the plaintiff is a competitor of the defendant; that issue is covered by element 4. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Secret Rebates Prohibited.\u00a0Business and Professions Code \u00a7\u200917045.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Actual Damages or Injury Not Required.\u00a0Business and Professions Code section 17082.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe purpose of the Unfair Practices Act (UPA) is \u2018to safeguard the public against the creation or perpetuation of monopolies and to foster and encourage competition, by prohibiting unfair, dishonest, deceptive, destructive, fraudulent and discriminatory practices by which fair and honest competition is destroyed or prevented.\u2019 It forbids most locality discriminations, the use of loss leaders, gifts, secret rebates, boycotts, and \u2018deceptive, untrue or misleading advertising.\u2019 It also prohibits the sale of goods and services below cost.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Pan Asia Venture Capital Corp. v. Hearst Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(1999) 74 Cal.App.4th 424, 431\u2013432 [88 Cal.Rptr.2d 118], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]here are three elements to a violation of section 17045. First, there must be a \u2018secret\u2019 allowance of an \u2018unearned\u2019 discount. Second, there must be \u2018injury\u2019 to a competitor. Third, the allowance must tend to destroy competition.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Diesel Elec. Sales &amp; Serv., Inc. v. Marco Marine San Diego<\/span>\u00a0(1993) 16 Cal.App.4th 202, 212 [20 Cal.Rptr.2d 62].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cBy its terms, section 17045 requires the plaintiff to prove not only injury to a competitor, but,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">in addition<\/span>, a tendency \u2018to destroy competition.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">ABC International Traders, Inc. v. Matsushita Electric Corp. of America<\/span>\u00a0(1997) 14 Cal.4th 1247, 1262 [61 Cal.Rptr.2d 112, 931 P.2d 290], original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[P]roof of a knowing or intentional receipt by a buyer of a secret, unearned discount is not required under section 17045.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Diesel Elec. Sales &amp; Serv., Inc., supra,<\/span>\u00a016 Cal.App.4th at p. 214, fn. 4.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[S]ection 17045 does not require a proof of an \u2018intent\u2019 to destroy competition, but only that the secret, unearned discount had a\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">tendency<\/span>\u00a0to destroy competition.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Diesel Elec. Sales &amp; Serv., Inc., supra,<\/span>\u00a016 Cal.App.4th at p. 215, original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Those competing against a seller who provides the secret rebate, on the \u201cprimary line,\u201d have standing to sue under the statute. Likewise, a customer of the seller who is disfavored by that seller providing a secret rebate to competitors of that customer, creating so-called \u201csecondary line\u201d injury, also has standing to sue. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">ABC International Traders, supra,<\/span>\u00a014 Cal.4th at p. 1257.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhile, similar to other cases, damages cannot be awarded in antitrust cases upon sheer guesswork or speculation, the plaintiff seeking damages for loss of profits is required to establish only with reasonable probability the existence of some causal connection between defendant\u2019s wrongful act and some loss of the anticipated revenue. Once that has been accomplished, the jury will be permitted to act upon probable and inferential proof and to \u2018make a just and reasonable estimate of the damage based on relevant data, and render its verdict accordingly.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Suburban Mobile Homes, Inc. v. AMFAC Communities, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1980) 101 Cal.App.3d 532, 545 [161 Cal.Rptr. 811], internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>1 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Contracts, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009623\u2013629<\/div>\n<div>3 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 40,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fraud and Deceit and Other Business Torts<\/span>, \u00a7\u200940.153\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>49\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 565,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Unfair Competition<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009565.52 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>23\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 235,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Unfair Competition<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009235.29 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1\u00a0Matthew Bender Practice Guide: California Unfair Competition and Business Torts, Ch. 5,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Antitrust<\/span>, 5.46[5],\u00a05.47[4]<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-6tdmmu-e0a9bfc5b4e075652a19d5976f94889e hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6h6gg6-560de39a0d9d2eba76e1979f4fc058bc\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-6h6gg6-560de39a0d9d2eba76e1979f4fc058bc .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-6h6gg6-560de39a0d9d2eba76e1979f4fc058bc '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1782","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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