{"id":1833,"date":"2021-10-25T03:53:49","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:53:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1833"},"modified":"2022-05-09T16:25:09","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T16:25:09","slug":"caci-3407-horizontal-and-vertical-restraints-agreement-between-company-and-its-employee","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3407-horizontal-and-vertical-restraints-agreement-between-company-and-its-employee\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3407 Horizontal and Vertical Restraints\u2014Agreement Between Company and Its Employee"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv142gnk-52424d4a8e0553594607e74318147330\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv142gnk-52424d4a8e0553594607e74318147330{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv142gnk-52424d4a8e0553594607e74318147330 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv142gnk-52424d4a8e0553594607e74318147330 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv142gnk-52424d4a8e0553594607e74318147330 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 3407 Horizontal and Vertical Restraints\u2014Agreement Between Company and Its Employee<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span 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itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv143t9g-ecba7fd64a1646b83fdb35a05b9be37f\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv143t9g-ecba7fd64a1646b83fdb35a05b9be37f .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv143t9g-ecba7fd64a1646b83fdb35a05b9be37f '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3407\u00a0Horizontal and Vertical Restraints\u2014Agreement Between Company and Its Employee<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant\u2019s agent\/employee\/officer<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], who is an [agent\/employee\/officer] of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], had an agreement with [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. You may find that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant\u2019s agent\/employee\/officer<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] and [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had the required agreement only if you decide that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had a separate economic interest from [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] and acted in [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] own separate interest. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction is intended to clarify the circumstances under which an employee, agent, or officer can form an unlawful agreement. The parties may wish to develop an example to illuminate the issue, such as an employee running a side business that may combine with the business of his employer to restrain trade. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he Act prohibits the combination of resources of two or more independent interests for the purpose of restraining commerce and preventing market competition in the variety of ways listed in the statute.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lowell v. Mother\u2019s Cake and Cookie Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1978) 79 Cal.App.3d 13, 23 [144 Cal.Rptr. 664], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] corporation cannot conspire with itself or its agents for purposes of the antitrust laws.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Kolling v. Dow Jones &amp; Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1982) 137 Cal.App.3d 709, 720 [187 Cal.Rptr. 797], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt is also held that an individual acting alone through his agent or a corporation acting alone through its officers is not a combination in restraint of trade proscribed by the statute. The rationale of these decisions is that the acts of the agents or employees in the operation of the business are the acts of the principal\u2009\u2026\u2009. We are of the opinion that the language of\u00a0section 16720 of the Business and Professions Code\u00a0contemplates concert of action by separate individuals or entities maintaining separate and independent interests \u2026\u2009.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Bondi v. Jewels by Edwar, Ltd.<\/span>\u00a0(1968) 267 Cal.App.2d 672, 677\u2013678 [73 Cal.Rptr. 494], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]t is well settled that a complaint for antitrust violations which fails to allege such concerted action by separate entities maintaining separate and independent interests is subject to demurrer.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">G.H.I.I. v. MTS, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1983) 147 Cal.App.3d 256, 266 [195 Cal.Rptr. 211], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[Under the Sherman Act,] [t]he officers of a single firm are not separate economic actors pursuing separate economic interests, so agreements among them do not suddenly bring together economic power that was previously pursuing divergent goals. Coordination within a firm is as likely to result from an effort to compete as from an effort to stifle competition. In the marketplace, such coordination may be necessary if a business enterprise is to compete effectively. For these reasons, officers or employees of the same firm do not provide the plurality of actors imperative for a \u00a7\u20091 conspiracy.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Copperweld Corp. v. Independence Tube Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(1984) 467 U.S. 752, 769 [104 S.Ct. 2731, 81 L.Ed.2d 628], footnote omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[M]any courts have created an exception for corporate officers acting on their own behalf.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Copperweld Corp., supra,<\/span>\u00a0467 U.S. at p. 769, fn. 15.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe \u2026 need not reach the broader issue extensively argued in the amicus brief, i.e., whether the\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Copperweld<\/span>\u00a0rule would apply to the Cartwright Act when the conspiracy or combination in restraint of trade is purely intra-enterprise and there is no coerced or unwitting compliance by the victim in the forbidden activity.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">MacManus v. A. E. Realty Partners<\/span>\u00a0(1987) 195 Cal.App.3d 1106, 1111, fn. 4 [241 Cal.Rptr. 315].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>1 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Contracts, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009602\u2013621<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-6uyffd-33cd74bb669549b719df4c6f979959b1 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kspkp-1effb2394bff5368ba5306f6058d9535\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kspkp-1effb2394bff5368ba5306f6058d9535 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kspkp-1effb2394bff5368ba5306f6058d9535 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1833","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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