{"id":1841,"date":"2021-10-25T03:54:05","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:54:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1841"},"modified":"2022-05-09T16:35:49","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T16:35:49","slug":"caci-3430-noerr-pennington-doctrine","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3430-noerr-pennington-doctrine\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3430 \u201cNoerr-Pennington\u201d Doctrine"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv14xa6k-37875d8e3a9608fab923695e62703d10\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv14xa6k-37875d8e3a9608fab923695e62703d10{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv14xa6k-37875d8e3a9608fab923695e62703d10 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv14xa6k-37875d8e3a9608fab923695e62703d10 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv14xa6k-37875d8e3a9608fab923695e62703d10 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 3430 <span class='special_amp'>\u201c<\/span>Noerr-Pennington<span class='special_amp'>\u201d<\/span> Doctrine<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" 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itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv14yxd7-85091550f8b5a2fb425862096a2f8b7f\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv14yxd7-85091550f8b5a2fb425862096a2f8b7f .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv14yxd7-85091550f8b5a2fb425862096a2f8b7f '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3430\u00a0\u201cNoerr-Pennington\u201d Doctrine<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] agreement with [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of alleged coparticipant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] did not violate the law because [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] was trying in good faith to influence government action. [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that this action was a sham or a pretext to restrain competition.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">To establish [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove both of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s actions before [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of governmental body<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] were undertaken without regard to the merits; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That the reason [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] engaged in [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify the petitioning activity, e.g., \u201cfiling an objection to an environmental impact report\u201d<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was to use the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify the claimed process, e.g., \u201cenvironmental agency approval\u201d<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] process to harm [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] by [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify the manner of harm, e.g., \u201cdelaying [name of plaintiff]\u2019s entry into the market\u201d<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], rather than to obtain a successful outcome from that process. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Noerr-Pennington<\/span>\u00a0doctrine provides that there is no antitrust liability under the Sherman Act for efforts to influence government which are protected by the\u00a0First Amendment\u00a0right to petition for redress of grievances, even if the motive behind the efforts is anticompetitive.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hernandez v. Amcord, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2013) 215 Cal.App.4th 659, 678 [156 Cal.Rptr.3d 90].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Noerr-Pennington<\/span>\u00a0doctrine immunizes legitimate efforts to influence a branch of government from virtually all forms of civil liability. The doctrine originated in the context of federal antitrust litigation. Stated generally, it was initially intended to ensure that \u2018efforts to influence government action are not within the scope of the Sherman Act, regardless of anticompetitive purpose or effect. [Citations.]\u2019 The\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Noerr-Pennington<\/span>\u00a0doctrine is reinforced by two constitutional considerations: \u2018the\u00a0First Amendment\u00a0right to petition the government \u2026 and comity, i.e., noninterference on the part of the courts with governmental bodies that may validly cause otherwise anticompetitive effects and with efforts intended to influence such bodies [citations].\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">People ex rel. Harris v. Aguayo<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 11 Cal.App.5th 1150, 1160\u20131161 [218 Cal.Rptr.3d 221], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cStated most generally, the\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Noerr-Pennington<\/span>\u00a0doctrine declares that efforts to influence government action are not within the scope of the Sherman Act, regardless of anticompetitive purpose or effect.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Blank v. Kirwan<\/span>\u00a0(1985) 39 Cal.3d 311, 320 [216 Cal.Rptr. 718, 703 P.2d 58], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018The right of the people to inform their representatives in government of their desires with respect to the passage or enforcement of laws cannot properly be made to depend upon their intent in doing so. It is neither unusual nor illegal for people to seek action on laws in the hope that they may bring about an advantage to themselves and a disadvantage to their competitors.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hi-Top Steel Corp. v. Lehrer<\/span>\u00a0(1994) 24 Cal.App.4th 570, 576 [29 Cal.Rptr.2d 646], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[B]ecause\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Noerr-Pennington<\/span>\u00a0protects federal constitutional rights, it applies in all contexts, even where a state law doctrine advances a similar goal.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Theme Promotions, Inc. v. News Am. Mktg. FSI<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2008) 546 F.3d 991, 1007.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhile the\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Noerr-Pennington<\/span>\u00a0doctrine was \u2018formulated in the context of antitrust cases,\u2019 it has been applied in cases involving other types of civil liability, including liability for interference with contractual relations or prospective economic advantage or unfair competition.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hernandez, supra<\/span>, 215 Cal.App.4th at p. 679, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Noerr-Pennington<\/span>\u00a0doctrine has been extended to preclude virtually all civil liability for a defendant\u2019s petitioning activities before not just courts, but also before administrative and other governmental agencies.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">People ex rel. Harris, supra,<\/span>\u00a011 Cal.App.5th at p. 1161.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAn exception to the doctrine arises when efforts to influence government are merely a sham; such efforts are not protected by the\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Noerr-Pennington<\/span>\u00a0doctrine and are subject to antitrust liability.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hi-Top Steel Corp., supra,<\/span>\u00a024 Cal.App.4th at pp. 574\u2013575, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cEfforts to influence governmental agencies \u2018\u2009\u201camount to a sham when though \u2018ostensibly directed toward influencing governmental action, \u2026 [they are] actually nothing more than an attempt to interfere directly with the business relationships of a competitor\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u201d [Citation.]\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">People ex rel. Harris, supra,<\/span>\u00a011 Cal.App.5th at p. 1161.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he sham exception \u2018encompasses situations in which persons use the governmental process\u2014as opposed to the outcome of that process\u2014as an anticompetitive weapon.\u2019 It \u2018involves a defendant whose activities are \u201cnot genuinely aimed at procuring favorable government action\u201d at all, not one \u201cwho \u2018genuinely seeks to achieve his governmental result, but does so through improper means.\u2019\u2009\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hi-Top Steel Corp., supra,<\/span>\u00a024 Cal.App.4th at p. 577, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]e hold the sham exception to the\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Noerr-Pennington<\/span>\u00a0doctrine is applicable in\u00a0California.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hi-Top Steel Corp., supra,<\/span>\u00a024 Cal.App.4th at p. 579.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]e identified three circumstances in which the sham litigation exception might apply: first, where the lawsuit is objectively baseless and the defendant\u2019s motive in bringing it was unlawful; second, where the conduct involves a series of lawsuits \u2018brought pursuant to a policy of starting legal proceedings without regard to the merits\u2019 and for an unlawful purpose; and third, if the allegedly unlawful conduct \u2018consists of making intentional misrepresentations to the court, litigation can be deemed a sham if \u2018a party\u2019s knowing fraud upon, or its intentional misrepresentations to, the court deprive the litigation of its legitimacy.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Sosa v. DIRECTV, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2006) 437 F.3d 923, 938, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe United States Supreme Court has set forth a two-part test for determining whether a defendant\u2019s petitioning activities fall within the so-called \u2018sham exception\u2019 to the\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Noerr-Pennington<\/span>\u00a0doctrine: \u2018first, it \u201cmust be objectively baseless in the sense that no reasonable litigant could realistically expect success on the merits\u201d; second, the litigant\u2019s subjective motivation must \u201cconceal an attempt to interfere\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">directly with the business relationships of a competitor \u2026 through the use [of] the governmental process<\/span>\u2014as opposed to the\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">outcome<\/span>\u00a0of that process\u2014as an anticompetitive weapon.\u201d [Citation.]\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">People ex rel. Harris, supra,<\/span>\u00a011 Cal.App.5th at p. 1161, original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cEven though [plaintiff] must ultimately prove the existence of a \u2018sham\u2019 by clear and convincing evidence, it need only show that there is a genuine issue of material fact to avoid summary judgment.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Kaiser Found. Health Plan, Inc. v. Abbott Labs, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(9th Cir. 2009) 552 F.3d 1033, 1044.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>1 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Contracts, \u00a7\u2009\u2009607<\/div>\n<div>6 Antitrust Laws &amp; Trade Regulation, Ch. 105,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">California<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009105.10[1][h] (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>3 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 40,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fraud and Deceit and Other Business Torts<\/span>, \u00a7\u200940.164[5][a]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>49\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 565,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Unfair Competition<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009565.73 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1\u00a0Matthew Bender Practice Guide: California Unfair Competition and Business Torts, Ch. 5,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Antitrust<\/span>, 5.41<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-88aem9-6a223e23a8c56335057ef67d871e2567 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5p4ar5-c21734a8915f458a6ffa63c2a9115dcf\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5p4ar5-c21734a8915f458a6ffa63c2a9115dcf .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5p4ar5-c21734a8915f458a6ffa63c2a9115dcf '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1841","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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