{"id":1861,"date":"2021-10-25T03:56:24","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:56:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1861"},"modified":"2022-05-09T19:42:37","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T19:42:37","slug":"caci-4208-affirmative-defense-statute-of-limitations-actual-and-constructive-fraud-civ-code-%c2%a7-3439-09a-b","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4208-affirmative-defense-statute-of-limitations-actual-and-constructive-fraud-civ-code-%c2%a7-3439-09a-b\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 4208 Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Actual and Constructive Fraud (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093439.09(a), (b))"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv2c7obv-c8a0338affdb7381505844aa2fc3533c\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv2c7obv-c8a0338affdb7381505844aa2fc3533c{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv2c7obv-c8a0338affdb7381505844aa2fc3533c .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv2c7obv-c8a0338affdb7381505844aa2fc3533c .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv2c7obv-c8a0338affdb7381505844aa2fc3533c av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 4208 Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Actual and Constructive Fraud (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093439.09(a), (b))<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv2c8sc1-53632830b9f039d7e47ff05a3216d4d7\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv2c8sc1-53632830b9f039d7e47ff05a3216d4d7 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv2c8sc1-53632830b9f039d7e47ff05a3216d4d7 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">4208\u00a0Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Actual and Constructive Fraud (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093439.09(a), (b))<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] contends that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s lawsuit was not filed within the time set by law.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[[With respect to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s claim of actual intent to hinder, delay, or defraud,] [To\/to] succeed on this defense, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] filed [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] lawsuit later than four years after the [transfer was made\/obligation was incurred] [or, if later than four years, no later than one year after the [transfer\/obligation] was or could reasonably have been discovered by [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]].<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[[With respect to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s claim of constructive fraud,] [To\/to] succeed on this defense, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] filed [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] lawsuit later than four years after the [transfer was made\/obligation was incurred].] <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New June 2006; Revised December 2007, June 2016, May 2018 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction provides an affirmative defense for failure to file within the statute of limitations. (See\u00a0Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093439.09(a), (b).) Read the first bracketed paragraph regarding delayed discovery in cases involving actual intent to hinder, delay, or defraud. (See\u00a0Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093439.04(a)(1);\u00a0CACI No. 4200.) Read the second in cases involving constructive fraud. (See\u00a0Civ. Code, \u00a7\u00a7\u20093439.04(a)(2),\u00a03439.05;\u00a0CACI Nos. 4202,\u00a04203.) Read the first bracketed phrases in those paragraphs if the plaintiff has brought both actual and constructive fraud claims.<\/p>\n<p>This instruction may not be modified to assert the seven-year period under\u00a0Civil Code section 3439.09(c). (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">PGA West Residential Assn., Inc. v. Hulven Internat., Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 14 Cal.App.5th 156, 178\u2013185 [221 Cal.Rptr.3d 353]\u00a0[Civil Code section 3439.09(c)\u00a0is a statute of repose, not a statute of limitations].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Statute of Limitations.\u00a0Civil Code section 3439.09(a),\u00a0(b).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Statute of Repose.\u00a0Civil Code section 3439.09(c).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he UFTA is not the exclusive remedy by which fraudulent conveyances and transfers may be attacked. They may also be attacked by, as it were, a common law action. If and as such an action is brought, the applicable statute of limitations is section 338 (d) and, more importantly, the cause of action accrues not when the fraudulent transfer occurs but when the judgment against the debtor is secured (or maybe even later, depending upon the belated discovery issue).\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Macedo v. Bosio<\/span>\u00a0(2001) 86 Cal.App.4th 1044, 1051 [104 Cal.Rptr.2d 1].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn the context of the scheme of law of which section 3934.09 is a part, where an alleged fraudulent transfer occurs while an action seeking to establish the underlying liability is pending, and where a judgment establishing the liability later becomes final, we construe the four-year limitation period, i.e., the language, \u2018four years after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred,\u2019 to accommodate a tolling until the underlying liability becomes fixed by a final judgment.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Cortez v. Vogt<\/span>\u00a0(1997) 52 Cal.App.4th 917, 920 [60 Cal.Rptr.2d 841].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018Cal. Civ. Code \u00a7\u20093439.09(a)\u00a0and\u00a0(b)\u00a0are statutes of limitation requiring a plaintiff to file a fraudulent transfer action within four years of the transfer or, for an intentional fraud, within one year after the transfer was or could reasonably have been discovered.\u2019 [Citation]\u201d\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">(<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">PGA West Residential Assn., Inc.<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 14 Cal.App.5th at p. 179.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cHowever, \u2018<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">even if<\/span>\u00a0belated discovery can be pleaded and proven\u2019 with respect to the statute of limitations applicable to common law remedies for fraudulent transfers, \u2018in any event the maximum elapsed time for a suit\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">under either the UFTA or otherwise<\/span>\u00a0is seven years after the transfer. [Citation.]\u2019 This conclusion logically follows from the language of section 3439.09(c). \u2018[B]y its use of the term \u201c[n]otwithstanding any other provision of law,\u201d the Legislature clearly meant to provide an overarching, all-embracing maximum time period to attack a fraudulent transfer, no matter whether brought under the UFTA or otherwise.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">PGA West Residential Assn., Inc.<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 14 Cal.App.5th at pp. 170\u2013171, original italics, internal citation omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>Ahart, California Practice Guide: Enforcing Judgments &amp; Debts, Ch. 3-C,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Prelawsuit Considerations<\/span>, \u00b6\u20093:351 et seq. (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>23\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 270,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fraudulent Conveyances<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009270.49, 270.50 (Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-8061xx-3f3bcb1309803df7a41ef174d461368b hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5b16lh-a87384f4fd4acd8096ff10739231b2f1\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5b16lh-a87384f4fd4acd8096ff10739231b2f1 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5b16lh-a87384f4fd4acd8096ff10739231b2f1 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1861","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 4208 Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations\u2014Actual and Constructive Fraud (Civ. 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