{"id":1881,"date":"2021-10-25T03:56:04","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:56:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1881"},"modified":"2022-05-09T19:10:44","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T19:10:44","slug":"caci-4111-constructive-fraud-civ-code-%c2%a7-1573","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4111-constructive-fraud-civ-code-%c2%a7-1573\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 4111 Constructive Fraud (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20091573)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv2bpoty-8832dd8474650af48677a0edda6034eb\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv2bpoty-8832dd8474650af48677a0edda6034eb{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv2bpoty-8832dd8474650af48677a0edda6034eb .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv2bpoty-8832dd8474650af48677a0edda6034eb .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv2bpoty-8832dd8474650af48677a0edda6034eb av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 4111 Constructive Fraud (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20091573)<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv2bqspi-f1857e3d2fddfd00f3bfdff234dcaa93\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv2bqspi-f1857e3d2fddfd00f3bfdff234dcaa93 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv2bqspi-f1857e3d2fddfd00f3bfdff234dcaa93 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">4111\u00a0Constructive Fraud (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20091573)<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed because [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] misled [him\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] by failing to provide [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] with complete and accurate information. To establish this claim, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s [agent\/stockbroker\/real estate agent\/real estate broker\/corporate officer\/partner\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert other fiduciary relationship<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] acted on [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s behalf for purposes of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert description of transaction, e.g., purchasing a residential property<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] knew, or should have known, that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify information at issue<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] misled [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] by [failing to disclose this information\/providing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] with information that was inaccurate or incomplete];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">6.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New November 2017; Revised May 2020 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction for a claim of constructive fraud under\u00a0Civil Code section 1573. Under the statute, constructive fraud is a particular kind of breach of fiduciary duty in which the defendant has misled the plaintiff to the plaintiff\u2019s prejudice or detriment. Constructive fraud differs from actual fraud (see\u00a0CACI Nos. 1900\u22121903 on different claims involving actual fraud) in that no fraudulent intent is required. (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20091573(1).) Thus, if one who is under a fiduciary duty to provide complete and accurate information to the plaintiff fails to do so and the plaintiff is misled to the plaintiff\u2019s prejudice, there is a claim for constructive fraud despite the lack of any intent to mislead or deceive.<\/p>\n<p>In element 4, choose the first option if it was the defendant\u2019s failure to disclose information that misled the plaintiff. Choose the second option if the defendant provided information to the plaintiff, but the plaintiff was misled because the information was inaccurate or incomplete.<\/p>\n<p>In a fiduciary relationship, there is a rebuttable presumption of reasonable reliance. The defendant bears the burden of rebutting the presumption by proving by substantial evidence that the plaintiff could not have reasonably relied on the misleading information or omission. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Edmunds v. Valley Circle Estates<\/span>\u00a0(1993) 16 Cal.App.4th 1290, 1301\u20131302 [20 Cal.Rptr.2d 701].)<\/p>\n<p>There are cases that set forth the elements of constructive fraud as \u201c(1) a fiduciary or confidential relationship; (2) nondisclosure (breach of fiduciary duty); (3) intent to deceive, and (4) reliance and resulting injury (causation).\u201d (See, e.g.,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Younan v. Equifax Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1980) 111 Cal.App.3d 498, 516 fn. 14 [169 Cal.Rptr. 478]; see also\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Prakashpalan v. Engstrom, Lipscomb &amp; Lack<\/span>\u00a0(2014) 223 Cal.App.4th 1105, 1131 [167 Cal.Rptr.3d 832].) However, these elements conflict with the statute in at least two ways. First, the statute clearly states that no fraudulent intent (or intent to deceive) is required. Second, the statute is not limited to nondisclosure; it extends to information that is disclosed, but misleading.<\/p>\n<p>For discussion of the statute of limitations for constructive fraud, see\u00a0CACI No. 4120,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Affirmative Defense\u2014Statute of Limitations<\/span>. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Constructive Fraud.\u00a0Civil Code section 1573.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA fiduciary must tell its principal of all information it possesses that is material to the principal\u2019s interests. A fiduciary\u2019s failure to share material information with the principal is constructive fraud, a term of art obviating actual fraudulent intent.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Michel v. Moore &amp; Associates, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2007) 156 Cal.App.4th 756, 762 [67 Cal.Rptr.3d 797], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn its generic sense, constructive fraud comprises all acts, omissions and concealments involving a breach of legal or equitable duty, trust, or confidence, and resulting in damages to another. [Citations.] Constructive fraud exists in cases in which conduct, although not actually fraudulent, ought to be so treated\u2014that is, in which such conduct is a constructive or quasi fraud, having all the actual consequences and all the legal effects of actual fraud.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Prakashpalan, supra,<\/span>\u00a0223 Cal.App.4th at p. 1131.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe failure of the fiduciary to disclose a material fact to his principal which might affect the fiduciary\u2019s motives or the principal\u2019s decision, which is known (or should be known) to the fiduciary, may constitute constructive fraud. Also, a careless misstatement may constitute constructive fraud even though there is no fraudulent intent.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Assilzadeh v. Cal. Fed. Bank<\/span>\u00a0(2000) 82 Cal.App.4th 399, 415 [98 Cal.Rptr.2d 176].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] representation in the context of a trust or fiduciary relationship creates a rebuttable presumption of reasonable reliance subject to being overcome by substantial evidence to the contrary.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Edmunds, supra,<\/span>\u00a016 Cal.App.4th at p. 1302.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThis rebuttable presumption implements the long recognized public policy of imposing fiduciary duties upon partners in their relationship to one another. Indeed, this policy is lodged in the statutory and case law of this state. It is more than the simple shifting of the burden of proof to facilitate the determination of a particular action. Consequently, [defendant] had the burden of proving by substantial evidence that [plaintiff] did not rely on the alleged false statement.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Edmunds, supra,<\/span>\u00a016 Cal.App.4th at p. 1302.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cConfidential and fiduciary relations are in law, synonymous and may be said to exist whenever trust and confidence is reposed by one person in another.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Barrett v. Bank of Am.<\/span>\u00a0(1986) 183 Cal.App.3d 1362, 1369 [229 Cal.Rptr. 16].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>5 Witkin, California Procedure (5th ed. 2008) Pleading \u00a7\u2009717<\/div>\n<div>1 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Contracts \u00a7\u2009295<\/div>\n<div>3 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 40,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fraud and Deceit and Other Businesss Torts<\/span>, \u00a7\u200940.01\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>17\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 215,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Duress, Fraud, Menace, Undue Influence, and Mistake<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009215.130\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>23\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 269,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fraud and Deceit<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009269.101 et seq.\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>9\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 92,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Duress, Fraud, Menace, Undue Influence, and Mistake<\/span>, \u00a7\u200992.44 et seq.\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>27\u00a0California Legal Forms\u2014Transaction Guide, Ch. 77,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Discharge of Obligations<\/span>, \u00a7\u200977.125\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>Matthew Bender Practice Guide: California Contract Litigation, Ch. 17,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Attacking or Defending Existence of Contract\u2014Fraud, Duress, Menace, and Undue Influence<\/span>, 17.19<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7zj4c9-b62871b3c853ca96eb8d60a8aa844391 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5kn4bd-ff5e6fb85d97716a6fb1dbe313254fe7\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5kn4bd-ff5e6fb85d97716a6fb1dbe313254fe7 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5kn4bd-ff5e6fb85d97716a6fb1dbe313254fe7 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1881","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 4111 Constructive Fraud (Civ. 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