{"id":1883,"date":"2021-10-25T03:56:23","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:56:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1883"},"modified":"2022-05-09T19:36:50","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T19:36:50","slug":"caci-4200-actual-intent-to-hinder-delay-or-defraud-a-creditor-essential-factual-elements-civ-code-%c2%a7-3439-04a1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4200-actual-intent-to-hinder-delay-or-defraud-a-creditor-essential-factual-elements-civ-code-%c2%a7-3439-04a1\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 4200 Actual Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud a Creditor\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093439.04(a)(1))"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv2bsjct-4cfd925764e066a3176588cc95fbabee\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv2bsjct-4cfd925764e066a3176588cc95fbabee{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv2bsjct-4cfd925764e066a3176588cc95fbabee .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv2bsjct-4cfd925764e066a3176588cc95fbabee .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv2bsjct-4cfd925764e066a3176588cc95fbabee av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 4200 Actual Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud a Creditor\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093439.04(a)(1))<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchform_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-color:#edae44;\nbackground-color:#edae44;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #s.av-input-field{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 #searchsubmit{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 .av_searchsubmit_wrapper{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.ajax_search_response.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nmargin:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia_search_element av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><search><form action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv2btl66-cb0f098ecc5bdea4534e5f1f3bc4949e\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv2btl66-cb0f098ecc5bdea4534e5f1f3bc4949e .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv2btl66-cb0f098ecc5bdea4534e5f1f3bc4949e '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">4200\u00a0Actual Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud a Creditor\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093439.04(a)(1))<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] was harmed because [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of debtor<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [transferred property\/incurred an obligation] to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] in order to avoid paying a debt to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. [This is called \u201cactual fraud.\u201d] To establish this claim against [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">], [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove all of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] has a right to payment from [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of debtor<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] for [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert amount of claim<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of debtor<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [transferred property\/incurred an obligation] to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">];<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of debtor<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [transferred the property\/incurred the obligation] with the intent to hinder, delay, or defraud one or more of [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] creditors;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of debtor<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct was a substantial factor in causing [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">To prove intent to hinder, delay, or defraud creditors, it is not necessary to show that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of debtor<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] had a desire to harm [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] creditors. [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] need only show that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of debtor<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] intended to remove or conceal assets to make it more difficult for [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] creditors to collect payment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[It does not matter whether [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s right to payment arose before or after [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of debtor<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [transferred property\/incurred an obligation].] <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New June 2006; Revised June 2013, June 2016 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Under the Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (formerly the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act), a transfer made or obligation incurred by a debtor is voidable as to a creditor, whether the creditor\u2019s claim arose before or after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred, if the debtor made the transfer or incurred the obligation with actual intent to hinder, delay, or defraud a creditor. (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093439.04(a)(1).)<\/p>\n<p>This instruction assumes the defendant is a transferee of the original debtor. Read the bracketed second sentence if the plaintiff is asserting claims for both actual and constructive fraud. Read the last bracketed sentence if the plaintiff\u2019s alleged claim arose after the defendant\u2019s property was transferred or the obligation was incurred.<\/p>\n<p>Note that in element 3, only the debtor-transferor\u2019s intent is required. (See\u00a0Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093439.04(a)(1).) The intent of the transferee is irrelevant. However, a transferee who receives the property both in good faith and for a reasonably equivalent value has an affirmative defense. (See\u00a0Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093439.08(a);\u00a0CACI No. 4207,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Affirmative Defense\u2014Good Faith<\/span>.)<\/p>\n<p>If the case concerns an incurred obligation, users may wish to insert a brief description of the obligation in this instruction, e.g., \u201ca lien on the property.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Courts have held that there is a right to a jury trial whenever the remedy sought is monetary relief, including even the return of a \u201cdeterminate sum of money.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wisden v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(2004) 124 Cal.App.4th 750, 757 [21 Cal.Rptr.3d 523].) If the only remedy sought is the return of a particular nonmonetary asset, the action is an equitable action. However, even if a specific nonmonetary asset is involved, a conspiracy claim or an action against any party other than the transferee who possesses the asset (e.g., \u201cthe person for whose benefit the transfer was made\u201d) (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093439.08(b)(1)(A)) necessarily would seek monetary relief and give rise to a right to a jury trial.<\/p>\n<p>Note that there may be a split of authority regarding the appropriate standard of proof of intent. The Sixth District Court of Appeal has stated: \u201cActual intent to defraud must be shown by clear and convincing evidence. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hansford v. Lassar<\/span>\u00a0(1975) 53 Cal.App.3d 364, 377 [125 Cal.Rptr. 804].)\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Reddy v. Gonzalez<\/span>\u00a0(1992) 8 Cal.App.4th 118, 123 [10 Cal.Rptr.2d 58].) Note that the case relied on by the\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hansford<\/span>\u00a0court (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Aggregates Assoc., Inc. v. Packwood<\/span>\u00a0(1962) 58 Cal.2d 580 [25 Cal.Rptr. 545, 375 P.2d 425]) was disapproved by the Supreme Court in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Liodas v. Sahadi<\/span>\u00a0(1977) 19 Cal.3d 278, 291\u2013292 [137 Cal.Rptr. 635, 562 P.2d 316]. The Fourth District Court of Appeal, Division Two, disagreed with\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Reddy<\/span>: \u201cIn determining whether transfers occurred with fraudulent intent, we apply the preponderance of the evidence test, even though we recognize that some courts believe that the test requires clear and convincing evidence.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Gagan v. Gouyd<\/span>\u00a0(1999) 73 Cal.App.4th 835, 839 [86 Cal.Rptr.2d 733], internal citations omitted, disapproved on other grounds in\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mejia v. Reed<\/span>\u00a0(2003) 31 Cal.4th 657, 669, fn. 2 [3 Cal.Rptr.3d 390, 74 P.3d 166].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Uniform Voidable Transactions Act.\u00a0Civil Code section 3439 et seq.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cClaim\u201d Defined for UVTA.\u00a0Civil Code section 3439.01(b).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Creditor Remedies Under UVTA.\u00a0Civil Code section 3439.07.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe UFTA permits defrauded creditors to reach property in the hands of a transferee.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mejia<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">supra<\/span>, 31 Cal.4th at p. 663.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe UVTA, formerly known as the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act, \u2018permits defrauded creditors to reach property in the hands of a transferee.\u2019 \u2018A fraudulent conveyance is a transfer by the debtor of property to a third person undertaken with the intent to prevent a creditor from reaching that interest to satisfy its claim.\u2019 \u2026 The purpose of the voidable transactions statute is \u2018\u2009\u201cto prevent debtors from placing property which legitimately should be available for the satisfaction of demands of creditors beyond their reach\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lo v. Lee<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 24 Cal.App.5th 1065, 1071 [234 Cal.Rptr.3d 824], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cUnder the UFTA, \u2018a transfer of assets made by a debtor is fraudulent as to a creditor, whether the creditor\u2019s claim arose before or after the transfer, if the debtor made the transfer (1) with an actual intent to hinder, delay or defraud any creditor, or (2) without receiving reasonably equivalent value in return, and either (a) was engaged in or about to engage in a business or transaction for which the debtor\u2019s assets were unreasonably small, or (b) intended to, or reasonably believed, or reasonably should have believed, that he or she would incur debts beyond his or her ability to pay as they became due.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hasso v. Hapke<\/span>\u00a0(2014) 227 Cal.App.4th 107, 121\u2013122 [173 Cal.Rptr.3d 356], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[A] conveyance will not be considered fraudulent if the debtor merely transfers property which is otherwise exempt from liability for debts. That is, because the theory of the law is that it is fraudulent for a judgment debtor to divest himself of assets against which the creditor could execute, if execution by the creditor would be barred while the property is in the possession of the debtor, then the debtor\u2019s conveyance of that exempt property to a third person is not fraudulent.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Yaesu Electronics Corp. v. Tamura<\/span>\u00a0(1994) 28 Cal.App.4th 8, 13 [33 Cal.Rptr.2d 283].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA transfer is not voidable against a person \u2018who took in good faith and for a reasonably equivalent value or against any subsequent transferee.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Filip, supra,<\/span>\u00a0129 Cal.App.4th at p. 830, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018[T]he UFTA is not the exclusive remedy by which fraudulent conveyances and transfers may be attacked\u2019; they \u2018may also be attacked by, as it were, a common law action.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wisden, supra,<\/span>\u00a0124 Cal.App.4th at p. 758, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cCase law has established the remedies specified in the UVTA are cumulative and not the exclusive remedy for fraudulent conveyances. \u2018They may also be attached by, as it were, a common law action.\u2019 By its terms the UVTA was intended to supplement, not replace, common law principles relating to fraud.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Berger v. Varum<\/span>\u00a0(2019) 35 Cal.App.5th 1013, 1019 [248 Cal.Rptr.3d 51].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[E]ven if the Legislature intended that all fraudulent conveyance claims be brought under the UFTA, the Legislature could not thereby dispense with a right to jury trial that existed at common law when the California Constitution was adopted.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wisden, supra,<\/span>\u00a0124 Cal.App.4th at p. 758, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhether a conveyance was made with fraudulent intent is a question of fact, and proof often consists of inferences from the circumstances surrounding the transfer.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Filip, supra,<\/span>\u00a0129 Cal.App.4th at p. 834, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn order to constitute intent to defraud, it is not necessary that the transferor act maliciously with the desire of causing harm to one or more creditors.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Economy Refining &amp; Service Co. v. Royal Nat\u2019l Bank<\/span>\u00a0(1971) 20 Cal.App.3d 434, 441 [97 Cal.Rptr. 706].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThere is no minimum number of factors that must be present before the scales tip in favor of finding of actual intent to defraud. This list of factors is meant to provide guidance to the trial court, not compel a finding one way or the other.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Filip, supra,<\/span>\u00a0129 Cal.App.4th at p. 834.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018A well-established principle of the law of fraudulent transfers is, \u201cA transfer in fraud of creditors may be attacked only by one who is injured thereby. Mere intent to delay or defraud is not sufficient; injury to the creditor must be shown affirmatively. In other words, prejudice to the plaintiff is essential.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Berger, supra<\/span>, 35 Cal.App.5th at p. 1020.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt cannot be said that a creditor has been injured unless the transfer puts beyond [her] reach property [she] otherwise would be able to subject to the payment of [her] debt.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mehrtash v. Mehrtash<\/span>\u00a0(2001) 93 Cal.App.4th 75, 80 [112 Cal.Rptr.2d 802], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[G]ranting [plaintiff judgment creditor] an additional judgment against [defendant judgment debtor] under the UFTA for \u2026 \u2018the amount transferred here to avoid paying part of his underlying judgment,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">would in effect allow [him] to recover more than the underlying judgment,<\/span>\u00a0which the [UFTA] does not allow.\u2019 (Italics added.) We thus conclude that because [plaintiff] obtained a judgment in the prior action for the damages [defendant] caused him, the principle against double recovery for the same harm bars him from obtaining a second judgment against her under the UFTA for a portion of those same damages.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Renda v. Nevarez<\/span>\u00a0(2014) 223 Cal.App.4th 1231, 1238 [167 Cal.Rptr.3d 874], original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cCertain cases, while not awarding consequential damages, have recognized the availability of such damages.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Berger, supra<\/span>, 35 Cal.App.5th at p. 1021.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>8 Witkin, California Procedure (5th ed. 2008) Enforcement of Judgment, \u00a7\u2009495 et seq.<\/div>\n<div>Ahart, California Practice Guide: Enforcing Judgments &amp; Debts, Ch. 3-C,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Prelawsuit Considerations<\/span>, \u00b6\u20093:291 et seq. (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>Gaab &amp; Reese, California Practice Guide: Civil Procedure Before Trial\u2014Claims &amp; Defenses, Ch. 5(III)-B,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Elements of Claim<\/span>, \u00b6\u20095:528 (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>23\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 270,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fraudulent Conveyances<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009270.40\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1 Goldsmith et al.,\u00a0Matthew Bender Practice Guide: California Debt Collection and Enforcement of Judgments, Ch. 4,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fraudulent Transfers<\/span>, 4.05<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-6y8baj-457c35316ef4842bc0211f4789e68835 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6fdxzv-ddd892923db8107ce0c579a9663e514f\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-6fdxzv-ddd892923db8107ce0c579a9663e514f .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-6fdxzv-ddd892923db8107ce0c579a9663e514f '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1883","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CACI 4200 Actual Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud a Creditor\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093439.04(a)(1)) - Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4200-actual-intent-to-hinder-delay-or-defraud-a-creditor-essential-factual-elements-civ-code-\u00a7-3439-04a1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CACI 4200 Actual Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud a Creditor\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093439.04(a)(1)) - Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4200-actual-intent-to-hinder-delay-or-defraud-a-creditor-essential-factual-elements-civ-code-\u00a7-3439-04a1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-05-09T19:36:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/caci-4200-actual-intent-to-hinder-delay-or-defraud-a-creditor-essential-factual-elements-civ-code-%c2%a7-3439-04a1\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/caci-4200-actual-intent-to-hinder-delay-or-defraud-a-creditor-essential-factual-elements-civ-code-%c2%a7-3439-04a1\\\/\",\"name\":\"CACI 4200 Actual Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud a Creditor\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093439.04(a)(1)) - Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-10-25T03:56:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-05-09T19:36:50+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/caci-4200-actual-intent-to-hinder-delay-or-defraud-a-creditor-essential-factual-elements-civ-code-%c2%a7-3439-04a1\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/caci-4200-actual-intent-to-hinder-delay-or-defraud-a-creditor-essential-factual-elements-civ-code-%c2%a7-3439-04a1\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/caci-4200-actual-intent-to-hinder-delay-or-defraud-a-creditor-essential-factual-elements-civ-code-%c2%a7-3439-04a1\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/home\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"CACI 4200 Actual Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud a Creditor\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093439.04(a)(1))\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/\",\"name\":\"Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI\",\"description\":\"California Civil Jury Instructions CACI site\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"CrowdSource Lawyers\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/CrowdSource-Logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/CrowdSource-Logo.png\",\"width\":453,\"height\":208,\"caption\":\"CrowdSource Lawyers\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\\\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"CACI 4200 Actual Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud a Creditor\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093439.04(a)(1)) - Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4200-actual-intent-to-hinder-delay-or-defraud-a-creditor-essential-factual-elements-civ-code-\u00a7-3439-04a1\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"CACI 4200 Actual Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud a Creditor\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093439.04(a)(1)) - Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI","og_url":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4200-actual-intent-to-hinder-delay-or-defraud-a-creditor-essential-factual-elements-civ-code-\u00a7-3439-04a1\/","og_site_name":"Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI","article_modified_time":"2022-05-09T19:36:50+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"9 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4200-actual-intent-to-hinder-delay-or-defraud-a-creditor-essential-factual-elements-civ-code-%c2%a7-3439-04a1\/","url":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4200-actual-intent-to-hinder-delay-or-defraud-a-creditor-essential-factual-elements-civ-code-%c2%a7-3439-04a1\/","name":"CACI 4200 Actual Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud a Creditor\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093439.04(a)(1)) - Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-10-25T03:56:23+00:00","dateModified":"2022-05-09T19:36:50+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4200-actual-intent-to-hinder-delay-or-defraud-a-creditor-essential-factual-elements-civ-code-%c2%a7-3439-04a1\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4200-actual-intent-to-hinder-delay-or-defraud-a-creditor-essential-factual-elements-civ-code-%c2%a7-3439-04a1\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-4200-actual-intent-to-hinder-delay-or-defraud-a-creditor-essential-factual-elements-civ-code-%c2%a7-3439-04a1\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/home\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"CACI 4200 Actual Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud a Creditor\u2014Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, \u00a7\u20093439.04(a)(1))"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/#website","url":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/","name":"Judicial Council California Civil Jury Instructions CACI","description":"California Civil Jury Instructions CACI site","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/#organization","name":"CrowdSource Lawyers","url":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/09\/CrowdSource-Logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/09\/CrowdSource-Logo.png","width":453,"height":208,"caption":"CrowdSource Lawyers"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1883","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1883"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1883\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4669,"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1883\/revisions\/4669"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1883"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}