{"id":1941,"date":"2021-10-25T03:55:14","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:55:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1941"},"modified":"2022-05-09T18:09:06","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T18:09:06","slug":"caci-3903o-injury-to-pet-costs-of-treatment-economic-damage","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3903o-injury-to-pet-costs-of-treatment-economic-damage\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3903O Injury to Pet\u2014Costs of Treatment (Economic Damage)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv266vbr-fdbd31707dd9564d4504e3c92550d3f8\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv266vbr-fdbd31707dd9564d4504e3c92550d3f8{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv266vbr-fdbd31707dd9564d4504e3c92550d3f8 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv266vbr-fdbd31707dd9564d4504e3c92550d3f8 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv266vbr-fdbd31707dd9564d4504e3c92550d3f8 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 3903O Injury to Pet\u2014Costs of Treatment (Economic Damage)<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv2681g1-90b48ccaa21d621001133325e9d7db4c\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv2681g1-90b48ccaa21d621001133325e9d7db4c .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv2681g1-90b48ccaa21d621001133325e9d7db4c '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3903O\u00a0Injury to Pet\u2014Costs of Treatment (Economic Damage)<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Insert number, e.g.,<\/span>\u00a0\u201c15.\u201d<span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] The harm to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s pet [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify kind of pet, e.g., dog<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">].<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">To recover damages for injury to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s pet, [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove the reasonable costs that [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] incurred for the care and treatment of the pet because of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s conduct. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New June 2013 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction to recover the expenses of treating a tortious injury to a pet. Pets are no longer exclusively treated as property with regard to damages. The general standard for damages to personal property based on market value (see\u00a0CACI No. 3903J,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Damage to Personal Property (Economic Damage)<\/span>), is often inappropriate because pets generally have no value to anyone except the owner. Therefore, recovery of reasonable medical expenses is allowed. The rule applies regardless of the tortious cause of injury, including what may be referred to as veterinary malpractice. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Martinez v. Robledo<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 210 Cal.App.4th 384 [147 Cal.Rptr.3d 921].)\u00a0CACI No. 3903J\u00a0may be given if diminution in value is alleged.<\/p>\n<p>Emotional distress damages have been allowed for intentional injury to a pet. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Plotnik v. Meihaus<\/span>\u00a0(2012) 208 Cal.App.4th 1590, 1606\u22121608 [146 Cal.Rptr.3d 585]\u00a0[claim for trespass to chattels]; see also\u00a0CACI No. 2101,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Trespass to Chattels\u2014Essential Factual Elements<\/span>.)\u00a0CACI No. 3905A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Physical Pain, Mental Suffering, and Emotional Distress (Noneconomic Damage)<\/span>, may also be given. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThere can be little doubt that most pets have minimal to no market value, particularly elderly pets.\u2009\u2026 [W]hile people typically place substantial value on their own animal companions, as evidenced by the large sums of money spent on food, medical care, toys, boarding and grooming, etc., there is generally no market for\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">other people\u2019s<\/span>\u00a0pets.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Martinez, supra,<\/span>\u00a0210 Cal.App.4th at p. 390, original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he determination of a pet\u2019s value cannot be made solely by looking to the marketplace. If the rule were otherwise, an injured animal\u2019s owner would bear most or all of the costs for the medical care required to treat the injury caused by a tortfeasor, while the tortfeasor\u2019s liability for such costs would in most cases be minimal, no matter how horrific the wrongdoer\u2019s conduct or how gross the negligence of a veterinarian or other animal professional. [\u00b6] Moreover, allowing a pet owner to recover the reasonable costs of the care and treatment of an injured pet reflects the basic purpose of tort law, which is to make plaintiffs whole, or to approximate wholeness to the greatest extent judicially possible.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Martinez, supra,<\/span>\u00a0210 Cal.App.4th at p. 390.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn this case, plaintiff is not plucking a number out of the air for the sentimental value of damaged property; he seeks to present evidence of costs incurred for [the cat]\u2019s care and treatment by virtue of the shooting\u2014a \u2018rational way\u2019 of demonstrating a measure of damages apart from the cat\u2019s market value. That evidence is admissible as proof of plaintiff\u2019s compensable damages, and the trial court erred in granting the motions to exclude it. Plaintiff is entitled to have a jury determine whether the amounts he expended for [the cat]\u2019s care because of the shooting were reasonable.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Kimes v. Grosser<\/span>\u00a0(2011) 195 Cal.App.4th 1556, 1561\u20131562 [126 Cal.Rptr.3d 581], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cPlaintiff is not seeking loss of companionship, unique noneconomic value, or the emotional value of the cat, but rather the costs incurred as a result of the shooting.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Kimes, supra,<\/span>\u00a0195 Cal.App.4th at p. 1560, fn. 3.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe recognize the love and loyalty a dog provides creates a strong emotional bond between an owner and his or her dog. But given California law does not allow parents to recover for the loss of companionship of their children, we are constrained not to allow a pet owner to recover for loss of the companionship of a pet.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">McMahon v. Craig<\/span>\u00a0(2009) 176 Cal.App.4th 1502, 1519\u20131520 [97 Cal.Rptr.3d 555].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe believe good cause exists to allow the recovery of damages for emotional distress under the circumstances of this case. In the early case of\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Johnson v. McConnell, supra,<\/span>\u00a080 Cal. 545, the court noted \u2018while it has been said that [dogs] have nearly always been held \u201cto be entitled to less regard and protection than more harmless domestic animals,\u201d it is equally true that there are no other domestic animals to which the owner or his family can become more strongly attached, or the loss of which will be more keenly felt.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Plotnik, supra,<\/span>\u00a0208 Cal.App.4th at p. 1607, internal citation omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u20091902<\/div>\n<div>Haning et al., California Practice Guide: Personal Injury, Ch. 3-C,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Specific Items Of Compensatory Damages<\/span>, \u00b6\u20093:220 et seq. (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>4 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 52,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Recovery for Medical Expenses and Economic Loss<\/span>, \u00a7\u200952.33\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>3\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 23,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Animals: Civil Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u200923.15\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>6\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 64,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Damages: Tort<\/span>, \u00a7\u200964.192\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7ui0bp-8b9e7a08e383be470ce410e94593718a hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5n252t-cfffbab939864ed93304f2ad8ed609b3\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5n252t-cfffbab939864ed93304f2ad8ed609b3 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5n252t-cfffbab939864ed93304f2ad8ed609b3 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1941","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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