{"id":1944,"date":"2021-10-25T03:55:14","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:55:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1944"},"modified":"2022-05-09T18:12:07","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T18:12:07","slug":"caci-3904a-present-cash-value","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3904a-present-cash-value\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3904A Present Cash Value"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv26c3pw-947c9cc966bb97f0f0c8bf8f592e7b7e\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv26c3pw-947c9cc966bb97f0f0c8bf8f592e7b7e{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv26c3pw-947c9cc966bb97f0f0c8bf8f592e7b7e .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv26c3pw-947c9cc966bb97f0f0c8bf8f592e7b7e 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data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv26d80z-7356ac141f643b5d15acf67731cb41a6\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv26d80z-7356ac141f643b5d15acf67731cb41a6 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv26d80z-7356ac141f643b5d15acf67731cb41a6 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3904A\u00a0Present Cash Value<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] claims that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s future [economic] damages for [loss of earnings\/future medical expenses\/lost profits\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert other economic damages<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]], if any, should be reduced to present cash value. This is because money received now will, through investment, grow to a larger amount in the future. Present cash value is the amount of money that, if reasonably invested today, will provide [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] with the amount of [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] future damages.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove, through expert testimony, the present cash value of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s future [economic] damages. It is up to you to decide the present cash value of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s future [economic] damages in light of all the evidence presented by the parties.]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[If you decide that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s harm includes future [economic] damages for [loss of earnings\/future medical expenses\/lost profits\/[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert other economic damages<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]], then you must reduce the amount of those future damages to their present cash value. You must [use the interest rate of\u00a0\u00a0percent\/ [and] [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify other stipulated information<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]] as agreed to by the parties in determining the present cash value of future [economic] damages.] <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised April 2008; Revised and renumbered from former CACI No. 3904 December 2010; Revised June 2013, May 2020, May 2021 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction if future economic damages are sought and there is evidence from which a reduction to present value can be made. Include \u201ceconomic\u201d if future noneconomic damages are also sought. Future noneconomic damages are not reduced to present cash value because the amount that the jury is to award should already encompass the idea of today\u2019s dollars for tomorrow\u2019s loss. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Salgado v. County of Los Angeles<\/span>\u00a0(1998) 19 Cal.4th 629, 646\u2013647 [80 Cal.Rptr.2d 46, 967 P.2d 585];\u00a0CACI No. 3905A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Physical Pain, Mental Suffering, and Emotional Distress (Noneconomic Damage)<\/span>.)<\/p>\n<p>The defendant bears the burden of presenting expert evidence of an appropriate present value calculation, including the appropriate discount rate, to enable the fact finder to make a rational determination on the issue. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lewis v. Ukran<\/span>\u00a0(2019) 36 Cal.App.5th 886, 896 [248 Cal.Rptr.3d 839].) Unless there is a stipulation, expert testimony is required to accurately establish present values for future economic losses. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Id.<\/span>)<\/p>\n<p>Give the last bracketed paragraph if there has been a stipulation as to the interest rate to use or any other facts related to present cash value, and omit the second paragraph to account for the parties\u2019 stipulation.<\/p>\n<p>The parties may stipulate to use present-value tables to assist the jury in making its determination of present cash value. Tables, worksheets, and an instruction on how to use them are provided in\u00a0CACI No. 3904B,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Use of Present-Value Tables<\/span>. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe present value of a gross award of future damages is that sum of money prudently invested at the time of judgment which will return, over the period the future damages are incurred, the gross amount of the award. \u2018The concept of present value recognizes that money received after a given period is worth less than the same amount received today. This is the case in part because money received today can be used to generate additional value in the interim.\u2019 The present value of an award of future damages will vary depending on the gross amount of the award, and the timing and amount of the individual payments.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Holt v. Regents of the University of California<\/span>\u00a0(1999) 73 Cal.App.4th 871, 878 [86 Cal.Rptr.2d 752], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]n a contested case, a party (typically a defendant) seeking to reduce an award of future damages to present value bears the burden of proving an appropriate method of doing so, including an appropriate discount rate. A party (typically a plaintiff) who seeks an upward adjustment of a future damages award to account for inflation bears the burden of proving an appropriate method of doing so, including an appropriate inflation rate. This aligns the burdens of proof with the parties\u2019 respective economic interests. A trier of fact should not reduce damages to present value, or adjust for inflation, absent such evidence or a stipulation of the parties.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lewis, supra,<\/span>\u00a036 Cal.App.5th at p. 889.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]e hold a defendant seeking reduction to present value of a sum awarded for future damages has the burden of presenting expert evidence of an appropriate present value calculation, including the appropriate discount rate, to enable the fact finder to make a rational determination on the issue.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lewis, supra,<\/span>\u00a036 Cal.App.5th at p. 896.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cExact actuarial computation should result in a lump-sum, present-value award which if prudently invested will provide the beneficiaries with an investment return allowing them to regularly withdraw matching support money so that, by reinvesting the surplus earnings during the earlier years of the expected support period, they may maintain the anticipated future support level throughout the period and, upon the last withdrawal, have depleted both principal and interest.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Canavin v. Pacific Southwest Airlines<\/span>\u00a0(1983) 148 Cal.App.3d 512, 521 [196 Cal.Rptr. 82].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]t is not a violation of the plaintiff\u2019s jury trial right for the court to submit only the issue of the gross amount of future economic damages to the jury, with the timing of periodic payments\u2014and hence their present value\u2014to be set by the court in the exercise of its sound discretion.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Salgado, supra,<\/span>\u00a019 Cal.4th at p. 649, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cNeither party introduced any evidence of compounding or discounting factors, including how to calculate an appropriate rate of return throughout the relevant years. Under such circumstances, the \u2018jury would have been put to sheer speculation in determining \u2026 \u201cthe present sum of money which \u2026 will pay to the plaintiff \u2026 the equivalent of his [future economic] loss\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Schiernbeck v. Haight<\/span>\u00a0(1992) 7 Cal.App.4th 869, 877 [9 Cal.Rptr.2d 716], internal citations omitted.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u20091719<\/div>\n<div>California Tort Damages (Cont.Ed.Bar) Bodily Injury, \u00a7\u20091.96<\/div>\n<div>4 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 52,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Medical Expenses and Economic Loss<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u200952.21\u201352.22\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>15\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 177,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Damages<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009177.46\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>1 California Civil Practice: Torts \u00a7\u20095:22 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-82dsdk-752195d5e8249111e345cdcbd19b52ba hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5s6gvs-bf4232aae98afe8e4f04333a02663bd3\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-5s6gvs-bf4232aae98afe8e4f04333a02663bd3 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5s6gvs-bf4232aae98afe8e4f04333a02663bd3 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1944","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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