{"id":1945,"date":"2021-10-25T03:55:14","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:55:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1945"},"modified":"2022-05-09T18:13:09","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T18:13:09","slug":"caci-3904b-use-of-present-value-tables","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3904b-use-of-present-value-tables\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3904B Use of Present-Value Tables"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv26dmk1-4446c89f543244685c3fb229f27702e1\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv26dmk1-4446c89f543244685c3fb229f27702e1{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv26dmk1-4446c89f543244685c3fb229f27702e1 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv26dmk1-4446c89f543244685c3fb229f27702e1 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv26dmk1-4446c89f543244685c3fb229f27702e1 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 3904B Use of Present-Value Tables<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 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data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv26fj1k-3e1accc7169191120eeb714776ff9e53\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv26fj1k-3e1accc7169191120eeb714776ff9e53 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv26fj1k-3e1accc7169191120eeb714776ff9e53 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3904B\u00a0Use of Present-Value Tables<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">For Table A:<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[Use Worksheet A and Table A to compute the present value of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify future damages that can be expressed as a regular dollar amount over a determinable period of time, e.g., lost future income or the cost of permanent medical care<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">].<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Determine the amount of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s future loss for [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., lost income<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] each year. Enter this amount into Worksheet A, Step 1.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Determine the number of years that this loss will continue. Enter this amount into Worksheet A, Step 2.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Select the interest rate that you decide [based on the expert testimony that you have heard] represents the most likely rate of return on money invested today over that period of years. Enter this amount into Worksheet A, Step 3.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Select the appropriate Present Value Factor from Table A. To locate this factor, use the Number of Years from Step 2 on the worksheet and the Interest Rate from Step 3 on the worksheet and find the number that is the intersection of the Interest Rate column and Number of Years row. (For example, if the number of years is 15 and the interest rate is 10 percent, the corresponding Present Value Factor is 7.61.) Enter the factor into Worksheet A, Step 4.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Multiply the amount of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s annual future loss from Step 1 by the factor from Step 4. This is the present value of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s total future loss for [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., lost income<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. Enter this amount into Worksheet A, Step 5.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Banner\"><span class=\"SS_CenterAlign\"><br \/>\n<span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">WORKSHEET A<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"SS_Tablewrap\">\n<table class=\"SS_DataTable \" data-housestyle=\"Table\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"30\" \/>\n<col width=\"48\" \/>\n<col width=\"160\" \/>\n<col width=\"119\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Step 1:<\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Repeating identical annual dollar amount of future loss<\/span>:<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\" valign=\"bottom\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">$\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Step 2:<\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Number of years that this loss will continue:<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"right\" valign=\"bottom\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Step 3:<\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Interest rate that represents a reasonable rate of return on money invested today over that period of years:<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"right\" valign=\"bottom\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">%<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Step 4:<\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Present Value Factor from Table A:<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"right\" valign=\"bottom\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Step 5:<\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Amount from Step 1 times Factor from Step 4:<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"right\" valign=\"bottom\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">$\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Enter the amount from Step 5 on your verdict form as [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s total future economic loss for [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., lost income<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">].]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">For Table B:<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[Use Worksheet B and Table B to compute the present value of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">specify future damages that cannot be expressed as a repeating identical dollar amount over a determinable period of time, e.g., future surgeries<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">].<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Determine the future years in which a future loss will occur. In Column A, starting with the current year, enter each year through the last year that you determined a future loss will occur.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Determine the amount of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s future loss for [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., future surgeries<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] for each year that you determine the loss will occur. Enter these future losses in Column B on the worksheet. Enter $0 if no future loss occurs in a given year.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Select the interest rate that you decide [based on the expert testimony that you have heard] represents a reasonable rate of return on money invested today over the number of years determined in Step 2. Enter this rate in Column C on the worksheet for each year that future-loss amounts are entered in Column B.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Select the appropriate Present Value Factor from Table B for each year for which you have determined that a loss will occur. To locate this factor, use the Number of Years from Column A on the worksheet and the Interest Rate in Column C on the worksheet and find the number that is the intersection of the Interest Rate column and Number of Years row from the table. (For example, for year 15, if the interest rate is 10 percent, the corresponding Present Value Factor is 0.239.) Enter the appropriate Present Value Factors in Column D. For the current year, the Present Value Factor is 1.000. It is not necessary to select an interest rate for the current year in Step 3.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">5.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Multiply the amount in Column B by the factor in Column D for each year for which you determined that a loss will occur and enter these amounts in Column E.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">6.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Add all of the entries in Column E and enter this sum into Total Present Value of Future Loss.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Enter the amount from Step 6 on your verdict form as [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s total future economic loss for [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., future surgeries<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">].]<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Banner\"><span class=\"SS_CenterAlign\"><br \/>\n<span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">WORKSHEET B<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"SS_Tablewrap\">\n<table class=\"SS_DataTable \" data-housestyle=\"Table\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"81\" \/>\n<col width=\"75\" \/>\n<col width=\"60\" \/>\n<col width=\"69\" \/>\n<col width=\"65\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">A<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">B<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">C<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">D<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">E<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Year<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Dollar Amount of Future Loss Each Year<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Interest Rate<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Present Value Factor<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Present Value of<br \/>\nFuture Loss<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Current year<br \/>\n(20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td>Not<br \/>\napplicable<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">1.000<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 1 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 2 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 3 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 4 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 5 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 6 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 7 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 8 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 9 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 10 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 11 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 12 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 13 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 14 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 15 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 16 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 17 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 18 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 19 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 20 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 21 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 22 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 23 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 24 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Year 25 (20___)<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Total Present Value of Future Loss (add all amounts in Column E)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"> <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/>New December 2010 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Give this instruction if one of the accompanying tables is to be given to the jury. Also give\u00a0CACI No. 359,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Present Cash Value of Future Damages<\/span>, in a contract action, or\u00a0CACI No. 3904A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Present Cash Value<\/span>, in a tort action.<\/p>\n<p>Use Worksheet A and Table A if future economic loss will occur over multiple years and the amount of the loss will be the same every year. For example, lost future income may be capable of being expressed in a fixed annual dollar figure. Similarly, the cost of future medical care may be reduced to present value under Table A if it will be a regular amount over a determinable period of time.<\/p>\n<p>Use Worksheet B and Table B in all other instances of future economic loss. In some cases, it may be necessary to give the jury both worksheets and tables if there are categories of both regular recurring future economic loss and irregular or varying loss.<\/p>\n<p>The interest rate to be used in the tables must be established by stipulation or by the evidence. Expert testimony will usually be required to accurately establish present values for future economic losses. It would appear that because reduction to present value benefits the defendant, the defendant bears the burden of proof on the discount rate. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wilson v. Gilbert<\/span>\u00a0(1972) 25 Cal.App.3d 607, 613\u2013614 [102 Cal.Rptr. 31]\u00a0[no error to refuse instruction on reduction to present value when defendant presented no evidence].)<\/p>\n<p>Tables should not be used for future noneconomic damages. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Salgado v. County of L.A.<\/span>\u00a0(1998) 19 Cal.4th 629, 646\u2013647 [80 Cal.Rptr.2d 46, 967 P.2d 585];\u00a0CACI No. 3904A, Present Cash Value.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cNeither party introduced any evidence of compounding or discounting factors, including how to calculate an appropriate rate of return throughout the relevant years. Under such circumstances, the \u2018jury would have been put to sheer speculation in determining \u2026 \u201cthe present sum of money which \u2026 will pay to the plaintiff \u2026 the equivalent of his [future economic] loss\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Schiernbeck v. Haight<\/span>\u00a0(1992) 7 Cal.App.4th 869, 877 [9 Cal.Rptr.2d 716], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[W]e cannot presume that the jurors were unable to make the various computations without the proffered aid of court and counsel after first reaching necessary agreement on the various determinables comprising the formula. Further, defendant\u2019s counsel took a calculated risk in this regard; he produced neither statistician nor economist to aid his cause in this regard. Too, we have found no California cases which hold that use of the present table is indispensable to a proper award of damages for loss of future earning capacity \u2026\u2009.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Howard v. Global Marine, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(1972) 28 Cal.App.3d 809, 816 [105 Cal.Rptr. 50].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe trial court was also correct in refusing the proposed instruction, on its merits, for lack of evidence which would have supported a jury finding of the \u2018present cash value\u2019 of any sum assessed as the value of [plaintiff]\u2019s future earning capacity \u2026\u2009. The computation of such \u2018present cash value\u2019 is \u2018difficult and confusing \u2026 to present to a jury\u2019 and, in the pertinent cases, the computation was apparently reached by the respective juries upon the basis of real evidence. Absent such evidence in the present case (and there was none), this jury would have been put to sheer speculation in determining (as the proposed instruction would have had it do) \u2018the present sum of money which, together with interest thereon when invested so as to yield the highest rate of interest consistent with reasonable security, will pay to the plaintiff \u2026 the equivalent of his loss of earning capacity \u2026 in the future \u2026\u2009.\u2019 The instruction would have required the jury to reach this result without the benefit of evidence or advice as to the complicated factors of compounding and discounting which the instruction necessarily involved. There are \u2018present cash value\u2019 tables which might have assisted the jury in this regard, if judicially noticed for instruction purposes, but the proposed instruction included no reference to them. For these reasons, and on the instruction\u2019s merits, the trial court did not err in refusing to give it.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Wilson, supra,<\/span>\u00a025 Cal.App.3d at pp. 613\u2013614, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAnticipated future increases of medical costs may be presented to the jury. Expert testimony may be used with regard to a \u2018subject that is sufficiently beyond common experience that the opinion of an expert would assist the trier of fact;\u2009\u2026\u2019 Future medical expenses are such a subject. Testimony by actuaries is frequently used to show discount rates and the present value of future benefits. [\u00b6] The expert testimony was substantial evidence supporting the portion of the award relating to the future cost of attendant care. The substantial evidence test is applied in view of the entire record; other than a vigorous cross-examination of plaintiffs\u2019 expert, appellants presented no evidence on the cost of attendant care. The elaborate economic arguments presented in the briefs of appellants and amicus curiae might better have been presented to the jury in opposition to respondents\u2019 expert testimony.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Niles v. City of San Rafael<\/span>\u00a0(1974) 42 Cal.App.3d 230, 243 [116 Cal.Rptr. 733], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cAppellants claim that the 5 percent discount rate presented by the expert was too low. A discount rate, similar to an interest rate, is used to determine the present value of future expenses. The expert, in arriving at a 5 percent rate, used commercial investment studies pertaining to the riskiness of corporate bonds, charts compiled by the Federal Reserve System showing interest yields on various bonds since 1920, and tables published by the United States Savings and Loan League showing interest rates on savings accounts since 1929. He took into account the need for reasonable security of investment over the period of [plaintiff]\u2019s life. All of this was apparently within the competence of the expert.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Niles, supra,<\/span>\u00a042 Cal.App.3d at pp. 243\u2013244.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u20091719<\/div>\n<div>California Tort Damages (Cont.Ed.Bar) Bodily Injury, \u00a7\u20091.96<\/div>\n<div>4 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 52,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Medical Expenses and Economic Loss<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u200952.21,\u00a052.22\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>15\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 177,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Damages<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009177.46\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>6\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 64,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Damages: Tort<\/span>, \u00a7\u200964.40 et seq.\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7ik1xl-044b7a46dc08f5acaf1c78f5ebbc348c hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6cmhsp-f152738e94f603252cf06211ed69142c\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-6cmhsp-f152738e94f603252cf06211ed69142c .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-6cmhsp-f152738e94f603252cf06211ed69142c '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1945","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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