{"id":1953,"date":"2021-10-25T03:54:53","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:54:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1953"},"modified":"2022-05-09T18:01:59","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T18:01:59","slug":"caci-3903g-loss-of-use-of-real-property-economic-damage","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3903g-loss-of-use-of-real-property-economic-damage\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3903G Loss of Use of Real Property (Economic Damage)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv2307jp-306425427857579963ec42d12b225c44\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv2307jp-306425427857579963ec42d12b225c44{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv2307jp-306425427857579963ec42d12b225c44 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv2307jp-306425427857579963ec42d12b225c44 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv2307jp-306425427857579963ec42d12b225c44 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 3903G Loss of Use of Real Property (Economic Damage)<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv2322ju-0e5c0f6f105b6959293483a0cf69c11c\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv2322ju-0e5c0f6f105b6959293483a0cf69c11c .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv2322ju-0e5c0f6f105b6959293483a0cf69c11c '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3903G\u00a0Loss of Use of Real Property (Economic Damage)<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Insert number, e.g.,<\/span>\u00a0\u201c7.\u201d<span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] The loss of use of [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">insert identification of real property<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">].<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">To recover damages for the loss of use, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove [the reasonable cost to rent similar property for the time when [he\/she\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/it] could not use [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] own property\/ [or] the benefits obtained by [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] because of [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\/its] wrongful occupation]. [If there is evidence of both, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is entitled to the greater of the two amounts.]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[Benefits obtained may include [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of defendant<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s profits if they are directly linked to the wrongful occupation.] <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised April 2008 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Use this instruction along with\u00a0CACI No. 3903F,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Damage to Real Property (Economic Damage)<\/span>. Include the optional last paragraph if plaintiff claims that the measure of damages is the benefits obtained by the defendant and that these include the defendant\u2019s profits obtained because of the tortious conduct.<\/p>\n<p>This instruction may be used if the general measure of damages under\u00a0CACI No. 3903F\u00a0will be the cost of repair rather than diminution in value. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Erlich v. Menezes<\/span>\u00a0(1999) 21 Cal.4th 543, 555 [87 Cal.Rptr.2d 886, 981 P.2d 978].)<\/p>\n<p>If the jury determines that the cost of repair is not reasonable, it is not clear whether loss-of-use damages are recoverable. The rule has been that when real property has been damaged so that it cannot be restored, damages for loss of use may not be recovered. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ferraro v. Southern California Gas Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1980) 102 Cal.App.3d 33, 50\u201351 [162 Cal.Rptr. 238].) But in 1992, the Legislature amended\u00a0Civil Code section 3334\u00a0to allow for \u201cbenefits obtained\u201d as an alternative to rental value as a measure of damages for loss of use. The legislative intent was to deter polluters from dumping toxic material on land of little value. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Starrh &amp; Starrh Cotton Growers v. Aera Energy LLC<\/span>\u00a0(2007) 153 Cal.App.4th 583, 603 [63 Cal.Rptr.3d 165].) In\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Starrh &amp; Starrh Cotton Growers,<\/span>\u00a0the court indicated that it was extremely unlikely in that case that the cost of repair could be considered to be reasonable, but also allowed the jury to consider awarding the defendant\u2019s profits as \u201cbenefits obtained.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Id.<\/span>\u00a0at pp. 598\u2013606.) The court did not limit the jury\u2019s right to award profits as damages only if it found the cost of repair to be reasonable. And it seems that if the court believed there was such a limitation, it would have expressly said so. The legislative objective would not be achieved if one could pollute land to the point that it could not reasonably be restored and also not be required to pay for the benefits obtained. Therefore, it seems most likely that this limitation on loss-of-use damages no longer applies in light of the 1992 amendment and its legislative history.<\/p>\n<p>This instruction is not intended for cases in which the plaintiff is a landlord seeking to recover compensation for lost rents. A more appropriate instruction for that situation is\u00a0CACI No. 3903N,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lost Profits (Economic Damage)<\/span>. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Damages for Wrongful Occupation of Real Property.\u00a0Civil Code section 3334.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he general measure of damages where injury to property is capable of being repaired is the reasonable cost of repair together with the value of lost use during the period of injury.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Erlich, supra,<\/span>\u00a021 Cal.4th at p.555, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThere is no question that when cost of restoration is the correct measure of damages for injury to real property, compensation for loss of use \u2026 would be appropriate.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ferraro, supra,<\/span>\u00a0102 Cal.App.3d at p 51.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThere is nothing in\u00a0Civil Code section 3334\u00a0or its legislative history to suggest that the phrase \u2018benefits obtained\u2019 should be read narrowly. To the contrary, the intent of the Legislature was to eliminate\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">any<\/span>\u00a0economic incentive to trespass as a means of waste disposal. (Sen. Com. on Judiciary, com. on Assem. Bill No. 2663 (1991\u20131992 Reg. Sess.) for June 23, 1992, hearing, p. 2.) If the Legislature had wanted to limit the phrase \u2018benefits obtained\u2019 to costs avoided, it could easily have done so. [\u00b6] Further, this interpretation is consistent with the fundamental rule that the prime consideration in interpreting a statute is to achieve the objective of the statute. As we have indicated, the evil to be prevented by the 1992 amendments is identified in the legislative history\u2014to prevent any economic advantage for polluters resulting from the wrongful dumping on another\u2019s land.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Starrh &amp; Starrh Cotton Growers, supra,<\/span>\u00a0153 Cal.App.4th at p. 604, original italics, internal citation omitted,)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cTrial courts in trespass actions have historically been given great flexibility to award damages that fit the particular facts of the case. [Defendant] has admitted that it chose the challenged method for disposing of produced water because it was the least expensive alternative and maximized its profits. In light of these factors, we conclude that the term \u2018benefits obtained\u2019 may include profits enjoyed by [defendant] that are directly linked to the wrongful trespass.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Starrh &amp; Starrh Cotton Growers, supra,<\/span>\u00a0153 Cal.App.4th at p. 604, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">Restatement Second of Torts section 931\u00a0provides:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>If one is entitled to a judgment for the detention of, or for preventing the use of, land or chattels, the damages include compensation for<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">(a)<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">the value of the use during the period of detention or prevention or the value of the use of or the amount paid for a substitute, and<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">(b)<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">harm to the subject matter or other harm of which the detention is the legal cause. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u20091913<\/div>\n<div>California Real Property Remedies Practice (Cont.Ed.Bar) Damages for Injury to Real Property, \u00a7\u200911.5<\/div>\n<div>4 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 52,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Medical Expenses and Economic Loss<\/span>, \u00a7\u200952.36\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>15\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 177,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Damages<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009177.44\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Civil Practice: Torts \u00a7\u20095:19 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-77aqw1-90217e9facb3d1054a408a15d2aaa60e hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6c2zn5-ff25d49019e9d1813b79c8466360e025\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-6c2zn5-ff25d49019e9d1813b79c8466360e025 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-6c2zn5-ff25d49019e9d1813b79c8466360e025 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1953","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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