{"id":1956,"date":"2021-10-25T03:54:53","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:54:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1956"},"modified":"2022-05-09T18:04:49","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T18:04:49","slug":"caci-3903j-damage-to-personal-property-economic-damage","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3903j-damage-to-personal-property-economic-damage\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3903J Damage to Personal Property (Economic Damage)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv23643p-dc6ca275d77030ca3cb1b55dd01960a0\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kv23643p-dc6ca275d77030ca3cb1b55dd01960a0{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kv23643p-dc6ca275d77030ca3cb1b55dd01960a0 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kv23643p-dc6ca275d77030ca3cb1b55dd01960a0 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kv23643p-dc6ca275d77030ca3cb1b55dd01960a0 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 3903J Damage to Personal Property (Economic Damage)<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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action='https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/' id='searchform_element' method='get' class='' data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kv237fz4-3d08ebfdd703d76589053bbbf5a9e93c\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-kv237fz4-3d08ebfdd703d76589053bbbf5a9e93c .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kv237fz4-3d08ebfdd703d76589053bbbf5a9e93c '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3903J\u00a0Damage to Personal Property (Economic Damage)<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Insert number, e.g.<\/span>, \u201c10.\u201d<span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] The harm to [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">item of personal property, e.g., automobile<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">].<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">To recover damages for harm to personal property, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove the reduction in the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., automobile<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s value or the reasonable cost of repairing it, whichever is less. [If there is evidence of both, [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] is entitled to the lesser of the two amounts.]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[However, if you find that the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., automobile<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] can be repaired, but after repairs it will be worth less than it was before the harm, the damages are (1) the difference between its value immediately before the harm and its lesser value immediately after the repairs have been made; plus (2) the reasonable cost of making the repairs. The total amount awarded may not exceed the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., automobile<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]\u2019s value immediately before the harm occurred.]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">To determine the reduction in value if repairs cannot be made, you must determine the fair market value of the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., automobile<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] immediately before the harm occurred and then subtract the fair market value immediately after the harm occurred.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">\u201cFair market value\u201d is the highest price that a willing buyer would have paid to a willing seller, assuming:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That there is no pressure on either one to buy or sell; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">That both buyer and seller have reasonable knowledge of all relevant facts about the condition and quality of the [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">e.g., automobile<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">]. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised December 2011, June 2013, December 2015, November 2018, November 2019 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>Do not give this instruction if the property had no monetary value either before or after injury. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Kimes v. Grosser<\/span>\u00a0(2011) 195 Cal.App.4th 1556, 1560 [126 Cal.Rptr.3d 581]\u00a0[CACI No. 3903J\u00a0has no application to prevent proof of out-of-pocket expenses to save the life of a pet cat].) See\u00a0CACI No. 3903O,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Injury to Pet (Economic Damage)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>An insurer may draft around this rule in the policy by limiting recovery to either cost of repair or diminution in value, but not both. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Baldwin v. AAA Northern California, Nevada &amp; Utah Ins. Exchange<\/span>\u00a0(2016) 1 Cal.App.5th 545, 550 [204 Cal.Rptr.3d 433].)<\/p>\n<p>Give the optional second paragraph if the property can be repaired, but the value after repair may be less than before the harm occurred. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Merchant Shippers Association v. Kellogg Express and Draying Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1946) 28 Cal.2d 594, 600 [170 P.2d 923].)<\/p>\n<p>There are exceptions to the general rule that recovery is limited to the lesser of cost of repair or diminution in value. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">AIU Ins. Co. v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(1990) 51 Cal.3d 807, 834 [274 Cal.Rptr. 820, 799 P.2d 1253].) If an exception is at issue, modifications will be required to the first two paragraphs.<\/p>\n<p>The definition of \u201cfair market value\u201d has been adapted from Treasury regulations. (See\u00a026 C.F.R. \u00a7\u200920.2031-1(b);\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">United States v. Cartwright<\/span>\u00a0(1973) 411 U.S. 546, 550 [93 S.Ct. 1713, 36 L.Ed.2d 528]; see also\u00a0CACI No. 3501, \u201c<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Fair Market Value\u201d Explained<\/span>;\u00a0Code Civ. Proc., \u00a7\u20091263.320\u00a0[definition for eminent domain].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe general rule is that the measure of damages for tortious injury to personal property is the difference between the market value of the property immediately before and immediately after the injury, or the reasonable cost of repair if that cost be less than the diminution in value. This rule stems from the basic code section fixing the measure of tort damage as \u2018the amount which will compensate for all the detriment proximately caused thereby.\u2019 [citations]\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Pacific Gas &amp; Electric Co. v. Mounteer<\/span>\u00a0(1977) 66 Cal.App.3d 809, 812 [136 Cal.Rptr. 280].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIt has also been held that the price at which a thing can be sold at public sale, or in the open market, is some evidence of its market value. In\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">San Diego Water Co. v. San Diego<\/span>, the rule is announced that the judicial test of market value depends upon the fact that the property in question is marketable at a given price, which in turn depends upon the fact that sales of similar property have been and are being made at ascertainable prices. In\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Quint v. Dimond<\/span>, it was held competent to prove market value in the nearest market.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Tatone v. Chin Bing<\/span>\u00a0(1936) 12 Cal.App.2d 543, 545\u2013546 [55 P.2d 933], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018Where personal property is injured but not wholly destroyed, one rule is that the plaintiff may recover the depreciation in value (the measure being the difference between the value immediately before and after the injury), and compensation for the loss of use.\u2019 In the alternative, the plaintiff may recover the reasonable cost of repairs as well as compensation for the loss of use while the repairs are being accomplished. If the cost of repairs exceeds the depreciation in value, the plaintiff may only recover the lesser sum. Similarly, if depreciation is greater than the cost of repairs, the plaintiff may only recover the reasonable cost of repairs. If the property is wholly destroyed, the usual measure of damages is the market value of the property.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hand Electronics, Inc. v. Snowline Joint Unified School Dist.<\/span>\u00a0(1994) 21 Cal.App.4th 862, 870 [26 Cal.Rptr.2d 446], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">The cost of replacement is not a proper measure of damages for injury to personal property. (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hand Electronics Inc., supra,<\/span>\u00a021 Cal.App.4th at p. 871.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWhen conduct complained of consists of intermeddling with personal property \u2018the owner has a cause of action for trespass or case, and may recover only the actual damages suffered by reason of the impairment of the property or the loss of its use.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Itano v. Colonial Yacht Anchorage<\/span>\u00a0(1968) 267 Cal.App.2d 84, 90 [72 Cal.Rptr. 823], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe measure of damage for wrongful injury to personal property is the difference between the market value of the property immediately before and immediately after the injury, or the reasonable cost of repair if such cost be less than the depreciation in value.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Smith v. Hill<\/span>\u00a0(1965) 237 Cal.App.2d 374, 388 [47 Cal.Rptr. 49], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]t is said \u2026 that \u2018if the damaged property cannot be completely repaired, the measure of damages is the difference between its value before the injury and its value after the repairs have been made, plus the reasonable cost of making the repairs. The foregoing rule gives the plaintiff the difference between the value of the machine before the injury and its value after such injury, the amount thereof being made up of the cost of repairs and the depreciation notwithstanding such repairs.\u2019 The rule urged by defendant, which limits the recovery to the cost of repairs, is applicable only in those cases in which the injured property \u2018can be entirely repaired.\u2019 This latter rule presupposes that the damaged property can be restored to its former state with no depreciation in its former value.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Merchant Shippers Association, supra,<\/span>\u00a028 Cal.2d at p. 600, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn personal property cases, the plaintiffs are entitled to present evidence of the cost of repairs even in cases where recovery is limited to the lost market value of property. The cost of repairs constitutes a prima facie measure of damages, and it is the defendant\u2019s burden to respond with proof of a lesser diminution in value.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Kimes, supra,<\/span>\u00a0195 Cal.App.4th at p. 1560, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[R]ecovery of tort damages is not invariably limited by the value of damaged property. The courts have recognized that recovery in excess of such value may be necessary to restore the plaintiff to the position it occupied prior to a defendant\u2019s wrongdoing.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">AIU Ins. Co., supra,<\/span>\u00a051 Cal.3d at p. 834.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn this case, the policy language was clear and explicit. Regarding coverage for car damage, it provided that [insurer] \u2018<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">may<\/span>\u00a0pay the loss in money\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">or<\/span>\u00a0repair \u2026 damaged \u2026 property.\u2019 The policy\u2019s use of the term \u2018may\u2019 suggests [insurer] had the discretion to choose between the two options.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Baldwin, supra,<\/span>\u00a01 Cal.App.5th at p. 550, original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe trial court based its restitution order on the fair market value method, but it abused its discretion by also awarding the cost to [plaintiff] to repair the truck\u2009\u2026\u2009. Having fully recovered the decrease in fair market value, [plaintiff] was not entitled to also recover the cost of repair because repairing the truck made it more valuable. Put another way, before the crime, [plaintiff] owned a truck that was worth more than $20,000. After the crime, Smith was left with a truck that was worth not much more than $3,000. [Plaintiff] was compensated for this decrease in fair market value. However, if the truck is repaired, the value of the truck goes up, even though it does not go all the way up to the former fair market value. Therefore, adding the cost of repair improperly alters the results of the fair market value formula.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">People v. Sharpe<\/span>\u00a0(2017) 10 Cal.App.5th 741, 747 [216 Cal.Rptr.3d 744].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u00a7\u20091865\u20131871<\/div>\n<div>Haning et al., California Practice Guide: Personal Injury, Ch. 3-C,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Specific Items Of Compensatory Damages<\/span>, \u00b6\u20093:220 et seq. (The Rutter Group)<\/div>\n<div>California Tort Damages (Cont.Ed.Bar) Vehicles and Other Personal Property, \u00a7\u00a7\u200913.8\u201313.11<\/div>\n<div>4 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 52,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Medical Expenses and Economic Loss<\/span>, \u00a7\u200952.31\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>15\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 177,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Damages<\/span>, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009177.41,\u00a0177.44\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>6\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 64,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Damages: Tort<\/span>, \u00a7\u200964.26 et seq.\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Civil Practice: Torts \u00a7\u20095:16 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-71nzic-d80f925071c1841f63f094dfdd6cfdef hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6f3vec-6ede2b406d9138b755edd460f9f8243a\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-6f3vec-6ede2b406d9138b755edd460f9f8243a .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-6f3vec-6ede2b406d9138b755edd460f9f8243a '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1956","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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