{"id":1977,"date":"2021-10-25T03:54:37","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:54:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1977"},"modified":"2022-05-09T17:40:19","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T17:40:19","slug":"caci-3720-scope-of-employment","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3720-scope-of-employment\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3720 Scope of Employment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-fpumkp-d89289a54b6e9de2d2622faa0808f8cf\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-fpumkp-d89289a54b6e9de2d2622faa0808f8cf{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-fpumkp-d89289a54b6e9de2d2622faa0808f8cf .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-fpumkp-d89289a54b6e9de2d2622faa0808f8cf .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-fpumkp-d89289a54b6e9de2d2622faa0808f8cf av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >CACI 3720 Scope of Employment<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>California Civil Jury Instructions CACI<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_avia_sc_search '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7\">\n#top .avia_search_element.av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7 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data-element_id='av-avia_sc_search-f7f83518637509acfac1c9900b84c1e7' ><div class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-8nsbll-ff159d6b0e5035207b186a322a0aafad\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-8nsbll-ff159d6b0e5035207b186a322a0aafad .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-8nsbll-ff159d6b0e5035207b186a322a0aafad '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3720\u00a0Scope of Employment<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">[<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] must prove that [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of agent<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was acting within the scope of [his\/her\/<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">nonbinary pronoun<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] [employment\/authorization] when [<\/span><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">name of plaintiff<\/span><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">] was harmed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Conduct is within the scope of [employment\/authorization] if:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(a)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">It is reasonably related to the kinds of tasks that the [employee\/agent] was employed to perform; or<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">(b)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">It is reasonably foreseeable in light of the employer\u2019s business or the [agent\u2019s\/employee\u2019s job] responsibilities. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>For an instruction on the scope of employment in cases involving on-duty peace officers, see\u00a0CACI No.\u20023721,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Scope of Employment\u2014Peace Officer\u2019s Misuse of Authority<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>This instruction is closely related to\u00a0CACI No.\u20023723,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Substantial Deviation<\/span>, which focuses on when an act is not within the scope of employment. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe question of scope of employment is ordinarily one of fact for the jury to determine.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mary M. v. City of Los Angeles<\/span>\u00a0(1991) 54 Cal.3d 202, 221 [285 Cal.Rptr. 99, 814 P.2d 1341].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe facts relating to the applicability of the doctrine of\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">respondeat superior<\/span>\u00a0are undisputed in the instant case, and we conclude that as a matter of law the doctrine is applicable and that the trial court erred in its instructions in leaving the issue as one of fact to the jury.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Hinman v. Westinghouse Electric Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1970) 2 Cal.3d 956, 963 [88 Cal.Rptr. 188, 471 P.2d 988], original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe burden of proof is on the plaintiff to demonstrate that the negligent act was committed within the scope of his employment.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ducey v. Argo Sales Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1979) 25 Cal.3d 707, 721 [159 Cal.Rptr. 835, 602 P.2d 755].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThat the employment brought the tortfeasor and victim together in time and place is not enough\u2009\u2026\u2009. [T]he incident leading to injury must be an \u2018outgrowth\u2019 of the employment [or] the risk of tortious injury must be \u2018inherent in the working environment\u2019 or \u2018typical of or broadly incidental to the enterprise [the employer] has undertaken.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lisa M. v. Henry Mayo Newhall Memorial Hospital<\/span>\u00a0(1995) 12 Cal.4th 291, 298 [48 Cal.Rptr.2d 510, 907 P.2d 358], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn California, the scope of employment has been interpreted broadly under the respondeat superior doctrine.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Farmers Insurance Group v. County of Santa Clara<\/span>\u00a0(1995) 11 Cal.4th 992, 1004 [47 Cal.Rptr.2d 478, 906 P.2d 440].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cCalifornia courts have used different language when phrasing the test for scope of employment under the respondeat superior doctrine. (See Sources and Authority for\u00a0CACI No. 3720\u00a0[scope of employment].)\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Moreno v. Visser Ranch, Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 30 Cal.App.5th 568, 576\u2013577 [241 Cal.Rptr.3d 678].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[R]espondeat superior liability attaches if the activities \u2018that cause[d] the employee to become an instrumentality of danger to others\u2019 were undertaken with the employer\u2019s permission and were of some benefit to the employer or, in the absence of proof of benefit, the activities constituted a customary incident of employment.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Purton v. Marriott Internat., Inc.<\/span>\u00a0(2013) 218 Cal.App.4th 499, 509 [159 Cal.Rptr.3d 912].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cTortious conduct that violates an employee\u2019s official duties or disregards the employer\u2019s express orders may nonetheless be within the scope of employment. So may acts that do not benefit the employer, or are willful or malicious in nature.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Mary M., supra<\/span>, 54 Cal.3d at p. 209, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA risk arises out of the employment when \u2018in the context of the particular enterprise an employee\u2019s conduct is not so unusual or startling that it would seem unfair to include the loss resulting from it among other costs of the employer\u2019s business. In other words, where the question is one of vicarious liability, the inquiry should be whether the risk was one \u201cthat may fairly be regarded as typical of or broadly incidental\u201d to the enterprise undertaken by the employer.\u2019 Accordingly, the employer\u2019s liability extends beyond his actual or possible control of the employee to include risks inherent in or created by the enterprise.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Perez v. Van Groningen &amp; Sons, Inc<\/span>. (1986) 41 Cal.3d 962, 968 [227 Cal.Rptr. 106, 719 P.2d 676].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cCalifornia no longer follows the traditional rule that an employee\u2019s actions are within the scope of employment only if motivated, in whole or part, by a desire to serve the employer\u2019s interests.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lisa M., supra,<\/span>\u00a012 Cal.4th at p. 297.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">One way to determine<\/span>\u00a0whether a risk is inherent in, or created by, an enterprise is to ask whether the actual occurrence was a generally foreseeable consequence of the activity. However, \u2018foreseeability\u2019 in this context must be distinguished from \u2018foreseeability\u2019 as a test for negligence. In the latter sense \u2018foreseeable\u2019 means a level of probability which would lead a prudent person to take effective precautions whereas \u2018foreseeability\u2019 as a test for respondeat superior merely means that\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">in the context of the particular enterprise an employee\u2019s conduct is not so unusual or startling that it would seem unfair to include the loss resulting from it among other costs of the employer\u2019s business<\/span>.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Farmers Ins. Group, supra<\/span>, 11 Cal.4th at pp. 1003\u20131004, original italics.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he employer is liable not because the employer has control over the employee or is in some way at fault, but because the employer\u2019s enterprise creates inevitable risks as a part of doing business.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Moreno, supra<\/span>, 30 Cal.App.5th at p. 577.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe employment \u2026 must be such as predictably to create the risk employees will commit [torts] of the type for which liability is sought.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Lisa M., supra<\/span>, 12 Cal.4th at p. 299.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cSome courts employ a two-prong test to determine whether an employee\u2019s conduct was within the scope of his employment for purposes of respondeat superior liability, asking whether \u2018\u2009\u201c1) the act performed was either required or \u2018incident to his duties\u2019 [citation], or 2) the employee\u2019s misconduct could be reasonably foreseen by the employer in any event [citation].\u201d [Citation.]\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. v. Department of Transportation<\/span>\u00a0(2013) 220 Cal.App.4th 87, 94 [162 Cal.Rptr.3d 752].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[T]he fact that the predominant motive of the servant is to benefit himself or a third person does not prevent the act from being within the scope of employment.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Moreno, supra<\/span>, 30 Cal.App.5th at p. 584.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c[I]n some cases, a cell phone call clearly would give rise to respondeat superior liability: \u2018We envision the link between respondeat superior and most work-related cell phone calls while driving as falling along a continuum. Sometimes the link between the job and the accident will be clear,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">as when an employee is on the phone for work at the moment of the accident<\/span>.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Ayon v. Esquire Deposition Solutions, LLC<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 27 Cal.App.5th 487, 495 [238 Cal.Rptr.3d 185], original italics.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>3 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Agency and Employment, \u00a7\u00a7\u2009186\u2013205<\/div>\n<div>1 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 8,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vicarious Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u20098.03[3]\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>2\u00a0California Employment Law, Ch. 30,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Employers\u2019 Tort Liability to Third Parties for Conduct of Employees<\/span>, \u00a7\u200930.05\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>21\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 248,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Employer\u2019s Liability for Employee\u2019s Torts<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009248.16\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>37\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 427,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Principal and Agent<\/span>\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>10\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 100A,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Employer and Employee: Respondeat Superior<\/span>\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Civil Practice: Torts \u00a7\u20093:8 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7ktprt-f92bedf34585b149bc280bb414aa63d6 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6kbue1-fa02f9360a398a3a722d5d6fd52f0e65\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-6kbue1-fa02f9360a398a3a722d5d6fd52f0e65 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-6kbue1-fa02f9360a398a3a722d5d6fd52f0e65 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1977","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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