{"id":1979,"date":"2021-10-25T03:54:37","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T03:54:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/?page_id=1979"},"modified":"2022-05-09T17:38:52","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T17:38:52","slug":"caci-3712-joint-ventures","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/caci-3712-joint-ventures\/","title":{"rendered":"CACI 3712 Joint Ventures"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-fa9pob-014e68d569967d275598fd2b7654f774\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-fa9pob-014e68d569967d275598fd2b7654f774{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-fa9pob-014e68d569967d275598fd2b7654f774 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-fa9pob-014e68d569967d275598fd2b7654f774 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class='av_searchform_wrapper'><input type='search' value='' id='s' name='s' placeholder='Search CACI' aria-label='Search CACI' class='av-input-field ' required \/><div class='av_searchsubmit_wrapper '><input type='submit' value='Find' id='searchsubmit' class='button ' title='View results on search page' aria-label='View results on search page' \/><\/div><input type='hidden' name='numberposts' value='8' \/><input type='hidden' name='post_type' value='page' \/><input type='hidden' name='results_hide_fields' value='post_titles,meta,image' \/><\/div><\/form><\/search><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-e878f05c31dff72941bf1e49a00d9ff5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\/\">CACI Jury Instructions Index<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/caci-fillable-forms.crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">App: CACI Jury Instructions Fillable Forms Word Format<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-91d7ccd583a503147498e120fee2ff9b hr-default  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-8ynp3v-cdfae81b44f4ba90b9971bec54872736\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-8ynp3v-cdfae81b44f4ba90b9971bec54872736 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-8ynp3v-cdfae81b44f4ba90b9971bec54872736 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 class=\"SS_Banner\">3712\u00a0Joint Ventures<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Each of the members of a joint venture, and the joint venture itself, are responsible for the wrongful conduct of a member acting in furtherance of the venture.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">You must decide whether a joint venture was created in this case. A joint venture exists if all of the following have been proved:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">1.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Two or more persons or business entities combine their property, skill, or knowledge with the intent to carry out a single business undertaking;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">2.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">Each has an ownership interest in the business;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">3.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">They have joint control over the business, even if they agree to delegate control; and<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">4.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">They agree to share the profits and losses of the business.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\">A joint venture can be formed by a written or an oral agreement or by an agreement implied by the parties\u2019 conduct. <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_1\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">New September 2003; Revised June 2011, December 2011 <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">Crowdsource Lawyers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci\">https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/judicial-council-california-civil-jury-instructions-caci<\/a><span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\"><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Directions for Use<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_2\">\n<p>This instruction can be modified for cases involving unincorporated associations by substituting the term \u201cunincorporated association\u201d for \u201cjoint venture.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>If the venture has no commercial purpose, this instruction may be modified by deleting elements 2 and 4, which do not apply to a noncommercial enterprise. Also modify elements 1 and 3 to substitute another word for \u201cbusiness\u201d depending on the kind of activity involved. (See\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Shook v. Beals<\/span>\u00a0(1950) 96 Cal.App.2d 963, 969\u2013970 [217 P.2d 56]; see also\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jeld-Wen, Inc. v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(2005) 131 Cal.App.4th 853, 872 [32 Cal.Rptr.3d 351].) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<h2 class=\"SS_HideShowSection SS_Expandable\">Sources and Authority<\/h2>\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\">\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA joint venture is \u2018an undertaking by two or more persons jointly to carry out a single business enterprise for profit.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Weiner v. Fleischman<\/span>\u00a0(1991) 54 Cal.3d 476, 482 [286 Cal.Rptr. 40, 816 P.2d 892], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cA joint venture has been defined in various ways, but most frequently perhaps as an association of two or more persons who combine their property, skill or knowledge to carry out a single business enterprise for profit.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Holtz v. United Plumbing and Heating Co.<\/span>\u00a0(1957) 49 Cal.2d 501, 506 [319 P.2d 617].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018There are three basic elements of a joint venture: the members must have joint control over the venture (even though they may delegate it), they must share the profits of the undertaking, and the members must each have an ownership interest in the enterprise.\u2019 Where a joint venture is established, the parties to the venture are vicariously liable for the torts of the other in furtherance of the venture.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Cochrum v. Costa Victoria Healthcare, LLC<\/span>\u00a0(2018) 25 Cal.App.5th 1034, 1053 [236 Cal.Rptr.3d 457], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018Whether a joint venture actually exists depends on the intention of the parties\u2009\u2026\u2009. [\u00b6] \u2026 [\u00b6] [W]here evidence is in dispute the existence or nonexistence of a joint venture is a question of fact to be determined by the jury. [Citation.]\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Unruh-Haxton v. Regents of University of California<\/span>\u00a0(2008) 162 Cal.App.4th 343, 370 [76 Cal.Rptr.3d 146], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201c\u2009\u2018A joint venture exists when there is \u201can agreement between the parties under which they have a community of interest, that is, a joint interest, in a common business undertaking, an understanding as to the sharing of profits and losses, and a right of joint control [citing this instruction].\u201d\u2009\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Simmons v. Ware<\/span>\u00a0(2013) 213 Cal.App.4th 1035, 1053 [153 Cal.Rptr.3d 178], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cWe turn next to the element of joint control. \u2018An essential element of a partnership or joint venture is the right of joint participation in the management and control of the business. [Citation.] Absent such right, the mere fact that one party is to receive benefits in consideration of services rendered or for capital contribution does not, as a matter of law, make him a partner or joint venturer. [Citations.]\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Simmons, supra<\/span>, 213 Cal.App.4th at p. 1056.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe law requires little formality in the creation of a joint venture and the agreement is not invalid because it may be indefinite with respect to its details.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Boyd v. Bevilacqua<\/span>\u00a0(1966) 247 Cal.App.2d 272, 285 [55 Cal.Rptr. 610].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe distinction between joint ventures and partnerships is not sharply drawn. A joint venture usually involves a single business transaction, whereas a partnership may involve \u2018a continuing business for an indefinite or fixed period of time.\u2019 Yet a joint venture may be of longer duration and greater complexity than a partnership. From a legal standpoint, both relationships are virtually the same. Accordingly, the courts freely apply partnership law to joint ventures when appropriate.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Weiner, supra,<\/span>\u00a054 Cal.3d at p. 482, internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe incidents of a joint venture are in all important respects the same as those of a partnership. One such incident of partnership is that all partners are jointly and severally liable for partnership obligations, irrespective of their individual partnership interests. Because joint and several liability arises from the partnership or joint venture,\u00a0Civil Code section 1431.2\u00a0[Proposition 51] is not applicable.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Myrick v. Mastagni<\/span>\u00a0(2010) 185 Cal.App.4th 1082, 1091 [111 Cal.Rptr.3d 165], internal citations omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cNormally,\u2009\u2026 a partnership or joint venture is liable to an injured third party for the torts of a partner or venturer acting in furtherance of the enterprise.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Orosco v. Sun-Diamond Corp.<\/span>\u00a0(1997) 51 Cal.App.4th 1659, 1670 [60 Cal.Rptr.2d 179, 186].)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe joint enterprise theory, while rarely invoked outside the automobile accident context, is well established and recognized in this state as an exception to the general rule that imputed liability for the negligence of another will not be recognized.\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Christensen v. Superior Court<\/span>\u00a0(1991) 54 Cal.3d 868, 893 [2 Cal.Rptr.2d 79, 820 P.2d 181], internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cThe term \u2018joint enterprise\u2019 may cause some confusion because it is \u2018sometimes used to define a noncommercial undertaking entered into by associates with equal voice in directing the conduct of the enterprise\u2009\u2026\u2009.\u2019 However, when it is \u2018used to describe a business or commercial undertaking[,] it has been used interchangeably with the term \u201cjoint venture\u201d and courts have not drawn any significant legal distinction between the two.\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Jeld-Wen, Inc., supra<\/span>, 131 Cal.App.4th at p. 872, internal citation omitted.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"SS_ListLabel\">\u2022<\/span><span class=\"SS_ListItemContent\">\u201cIn the annotations [to\u00a0Restatement of the Law of Torts, section 491], many California cases are cited holding that to have a joint venture there must be \u2018\u2009\u201ca community of interest in objects and equal right to direct and govern movements and conduct of each other with respect thereto. Each must have voice and right to be heard in its control and management\u201d \u2026\u2019\u2009\u201d (<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Shook, supra<\/span>, 96 Cal.App.2d at pp. 969\u2013970.) <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"SS_Heading\"><span class=\"SS_bf\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_bf\"><span class=\"SS_ib\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_ib\">Secondary Sources<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>6 Witkin, Summary of California Law (11th ed. 2017) Torts, \u00a7\u20091386<\/div>\n<div>1 Levy et al.,\u00a0California Torts, Ch. 8,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Vicarious Liability<\/span>, \u00a7\u20098.07\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>8\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 82,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Automobiles: Causes of Actions<\/span>, \u00a7\u200982.16\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>33\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 380,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Negligence<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009380.132\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>35\u00a0California Forms of Pleading and Practice, Ch. 401,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Partnerships: Actions Between General Partners and Partnership<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009401.11\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>17\u00a0California Points and Authorities, Ch. 170,\u00a0<span class=\"SS_it\" data-housestyle=\"EMPHASIS_it\">Partnerships<\/span>, \u00a7\u2009170.222\u00a0(Matthew Bender)<\/div>\n<div>California Civil Practice: Torts \u00a7\u00a7\u20093:38\u20133:39 (Thomson Reuters)<\/div>\n<div class=\"SS_Note\">\n<div id=\"TRNotes_n_3\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-7diaqz-744f8f35418cc557b4b22577aaec4667 hr-default  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-65snij-ee38c155675f75aa41eeea798bd36a1f\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-65snij-ee38c155675f75aa41eeea798bd36a1f .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:22px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-65snij-ee38c155675f75aa41eeea798bd36a1f '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/crowdsourcelawyers.com\/\">CrowdSourceLawyers.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1979","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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